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兩條平行線間的距離教學設計人教A版高中數(shù)學選擇性必修第一冊
一、情境導學前面我們已經(jīng)得到了兩點間的距離公式，點到直線的距離公式，關于平面上的距離問題，兩條直線間的距離也是值得研究的。思考1：立定跳遠測量的什么距離？A.兩平行線的距離 B.點到直線的距離 C. 點到點的距離二、探究新知思考2：已知兩條平行直線l_1,l_2的方程，如何求l_1 〖與l〗_2間的距離？根據(jù)兩條平行直線間距離的含義，在直線l_1上取任一點P（x_0,y_0 ），,點P（x_0,y_0 ）到直線l_2的距離就是直線l_1與直線l_2間的距離，這樣求兩條平行線間的距離就轉化為求點到直線的距離。兩條平行直線間的距離1. 定義：夾在兩平行線間的__________的長.公垂線段2. 圖示： 3. 求法：轉化為點到直線的距離.1．原點到直線x＋2y－5＝0的距離是( )A．2 B．3 C．2 D．5D [d＝|－5|12＋22＝5.選D.]
兩直線的交點坐標教學設計人教A版高中數(shù)學選擇性必修第一冊
1.直線2x+y+8=0和直線x+y-1=0的交點坐標是( )A.(-9,-10) B.(-9,10) C.(9,10) D.(9,-10)解析:解方程組{■(2x+y+8=0"," @x+y"-" 1=0"," )┤得{■(x="-" 9"," @y=10"," )┤即交點坐標是(-9,10).答案:B 2.直線2x+3y-k=0和直線x-ky+12=0的交點在x軸上,則k的值為( )A.-24 B.24 C.6 D.± 6解析:∵直線2x+3y-k=0和直線x-ky+12=0的交點在x軸上,可設交點坐標為(a,0),∴{■(2a"-" k=0"," @a+12=0"," )┤解得{■(a="-" 12"," @k="-" 24"," )┤故選A.答案:A 3.已知直線l1:ax+y-6=0與l2:x+(a-2)y+a-1=0相交于點P,若l1⊥l2,則點P的坐標為 . 解析:∵直線l1:ax+y-6=0與l2:x+(a-2)y+a-1=0相交于點P,且l1⊥l2,∴a×1+1×(a-2)=0,解得a=1,聯(lián)立方程{■(x+y"-" 6=0"," @x"-" y=0"," )┤易得x=3,y=3,∴點P的坐標為(3,3).答案:(3,3) 4.求證:不論m為何值,直線(m-1)x+(2m-1)y=m-5都通過一定點. 證明:將原方程按m的降冪排列,整理得(x+2y-1)m-(x+y-5)=0,此式對于m的任意實數(shù)值都成立,根據(jù)恒等式的要求,m的一次項系數(shù)與常數(shù)項均等于零,故有{■(x+2y"-" 1=0"," @x+y"-" 5=0"," )┤解得{■(x=9"," @y="-" 4"." )┤
圓的標準方程教學設計人教A版高中數(shù)學選擇性必修第一冊
(1)幾何法它是利用圖形的幾何性質(zhì),如圓的性質(zhì)等,直接求出圓的圓心和半徑,代入圓的標準方程,從而得到圓的標準方程.(2)待定系數(shù)法由三個獨立條件得到三個方程,解方程組以得到圓的標準方程中三個參數(shù),從而確定圓的標準方程.它是求圓的方程最常用的方法,一般步驟是:①設——設所求圓的方程為(x-a)2+(y-b)2=r2;②列——由已知條件,建立關于a,b,r的方程組;③解——解方程組,求出a,b,r;④代——將a,b,r代入所設方程,得所求圓的方程.跟蹤訓練1．已知△ABC的三個頂點坐標分別為A(0,5)，B(1，－2)，C(－3，－4)，求該三角形的外接圓的方程．[解] 法一：設所求圓的標準方程為(x－a)2＋(y－b)2＝r2.因為A(0,5)，B(1,－2)，C(－3,－4)都在圓上，所以它們的坐標都滿足圓的標準方程，于是有?0－a?2＋?5－b?2＝r2，?1－a?2＋?－2－b?2＝r2，?－3－a?2＋?－4－b?2＝r2.解得a＝－3，b＝1，r＝5.故所求圓的標準方程是(x＋3)2＋(y－1)2＝25.
圓與圓的位置關系教學設計人教A版高中數(shù)學選擇性必修第一冊
1.兩圓x2+y2-1=0和x2+y2-4x+2y-4=0的位置關系是( )A.內(nèi)切 B.相交 C.外切 D.外離解析:圓x2+y2-1=0表示以O1(0,0)點為圓心,以R1=1為半徑的圓.圓x2+y2-4x+2y-4=0表示以O2(2,-1)點為圓心,以R2=3為半徑的圓.∵|O1O2|=√5,∴R2-R1<|O1O2|<R2+R1,∴圓x2+y2-1=0和圓x2+y2-4x+2y-4=0相交.答案:B2.圓C1:x2+y2-12x-2y-13=0和圓C2:x2+y2+12x+16y-25=0的公共弦所在的直線方程是 . 解析:兩圓的方程相減得公共弦所在的直線方程為4x+3y-2=0.答案:4x+3y-2=03.半徑為6的圓與x軸相切,且與圓x2+(y-3)2=1內(nèi)切,則此圓的方程為( )A.(x-4)2+(y-6)2=16 B.(x±4)2+(y-6)2=16C.(x-4)2+(y-6)2=36 D.(x±4)2+(y-6)2=36解析:設所求圓心坐標為(a,b),則|b|=6.由題意,得a2+(b-3)2=(6-1)2=25.若b=6,則a=±4;若b=-6,則a無解.故所求圓方程為(x±4)2+(y-6)2=36.答案:D4.若圓C1:x2+y2=4與圓C2:x2+y2-2ax+a2-1=0內(nèi)切,則a等于 . 解析:圓C1的圓心C1(0,0),半徑r1=2.圓C2可化為(x-a)2+y2=1,即圓心C2(a,0),半徑r2=1,若兩圓內(nèi)切,需|C1C2|=√(a^2+0^2 )=2-1=1.解得a=±1. 答案:±1 5. 已知兩個圓C1:x2+y2=4,C2:x2+y2-2x-4y+4=0,直線l:x+2y=0,求經(jīng)過C1和C2的交點且和l相切的圓的方程.解:設所求圓的方程為x2+y2+4-2x-4y+λ(x2+y2-4)=0,即(1+λ)x2+(1+λ)y2-2x-4y+4(1-λ)=0.所以圓心為 1/(1+λ),2/(1+λ) ,半徑為1/2 √((("-" 2)/(1+λ)) ^2+(("-" 4)/(1+λ)) ^2 "-" 16((1"-" λ)/(1+λ))),即|1/(1+λ)+4/(1+λ)|/√5=1/2 √((4+16"-" 16"(" 1"-" λ^2 ")" )/("(" 1+λ")" ^2 )).解得λ=±1,舍去λ=-1,圓x2+y2=4顯然不符合題意,故所求圓的方程為x2+y2-x-2y=0.
直線與圓的位置關系教學設計人教A版高中數(shù)學選擇性必修第一冊
切線方程的求法1.求過圓上一點P(x0,y0)的圓的切線方程:先求切點與圓心連線的斜率k,則由垂直關系,切線斜率為-1/k,由點斜式方程可求得切線方程.若k=0或斜率不存在,則由圖形可直接得切線方程為y=b或x=a.2.求過圓外一點P(x0,y0)的圓的切線時,常用幾何方法求解設切線方程為y-y0=k(x-x0),即kx-y-kx0+y0=0,由圓心到直線的距離等于半徑,可求得k,進而切線方程即可求出.但要注意,此時的切線有兩條,若求出的k值只有一個時,則另一條切線的斜率一定不存在,可通過數(shù)形結合求出.例3 求直線l:3x+y-6=0被圓C:x2+y2-2y-4=0截得的弦長.思路分析:解法一求出直線與圓的交點坐標,解法二利用弦長公式,解法三利用幾何法作出直角三角形,三種解法都可求得弦長.解法一由{■(3x+y"-" 6=0"," @x^2+y^2 "-" 2y"-" 4=0"," )┤得交點A(1,3),B(2,0),故弦AB的長為|AB|=√("(" 2"-" 1")" ^2+"(" 0"-" 3")" ^2 )=√10.解法二由{■(3x+y"-" 6=0"," @x^2+y^2 "-" 2y"-" 4=0"," )┤消去y,得x2-3x+2=0.設兩交點A,B的坐標分別為A(x1,y1),B(x2,y2),則由根與系數(shù)的關系,得x1+x2=3,x1·x2=2.∴|AB|=√("(" x_2 "-" x_1 ")" ^2+"(" y_2 "-" y_1 ")" ^2 )=√(10"[(" x_1+x_2 ")" ^2 "-" 4x_1 x_2 "]" ┴" " )=√(10×"(" 3^2 "-" 4×2")" )=√10,即弦AB的長為√10.解法三圓C:x2+y2-2y-4=0可化為x2+(y-1)2=5,其圓心坐標(0,1),半徑r=√5,點(0,1)到直線l的距離為d=("|" 3×0+1"-" 6"|" )/√(3^2+1^2 )=√10/2,所以半弦長為("|" AB"|" )/2=√(r^2 "-" d^2 )=√("(" √5 ")" ^2 "-" (√10/2) ^2 )=√10/2,所以弦長|AB|=√10.
直線的兩點式方程教學設計人教A版高中數(shù)學選擇性必修第一冊
解析：①過原點時，直線方程為y＝－34x.②直線不過原點時，可設其方程為xa＋ya＝1，∴4a＋－3a＝1，∴a＝1.∴直線方程為x＋y－1＝0.所以這樣的直線有2條，選B.答案：B4.若點P(3,m)在過點A(2,-1),B(-3,4)的直線上,則m= . 解析:由兩點式方程得,過A,B兩點的直線方程為(y"-(-" 1")" )/(4"-(-" 1")" )=(x"-" 2)/("-" 3"-" 2),即x+y-1=0.又點P(3,m)在直線AB上,所以3+m-1=0,得m=-2.答案:-2 5.直線ax+by=1(ab≠0)與兩坐標軸圍成的三角形的面積是 . 解析:直線在兩坐標軸上的截距分別為1/a 與 1/b,所以直線與坐標軸圍成的三角形面積為1/(2"|" ab"|" ).答案:1/(2"|" ab"|" )6.已知三角形的三個頂點A(0,4)，B(－2,6)，C(－8,0)．(1)求三角形三邊所在直線的方程；(2)求AC邊上的垂直平分線的方程．解析(1)直線AB的方程為y－46－4＝x－0－2－0，整理得x＋y－4＝0；直線BC的方程為y－06－0＝x＋8－2＋8，整理得x－y＋8＝0；由截距式可知，直線AC的方程為x－8＋y4＝1，整理得x－2y＋8＝0.(2)線段AC的中點為D(－4,2)，直線AC的斜率為12，則AC邊上的垂直平分線的斜率為－2，所以AC邊的垂直平分線的方程為y－2＝－2(x＋4)，整理得2x＋y＋6＝0.
人教版高中語文必修1《心音共鳴：寫觸動心靈的人和事》教案3篇
《普通高中語文課程標準》關于“表達與交流”方面學生應達到的目標有如下的表述：“學會多角度地觀察生活，豐富生活經(jīng)歷和情感體驗，對自然、社會和人生有自己的感受和思考”，“進一步提高記敘述、說明、描寫、議論、抒情等基本表達能力”。觀察、感受、思考是寫好作文的必要的積累與條件，而用最恰當?shù)恼Z言與形式傳達自己的所得則屬于“技巧”方面的范疇。教材“表達與交流”的編選采用的“話題探討—寫法借鑒—寫作練習”的體例，其優(yōu)點是就某一話題訓練某一方面的寫作能力，能使教與學具有較強的操作性，目標更具體，也就是“既講‘寫什么’，又講‘怎么寫’”，能克服“純技術性訓練”；不足在于容易造成教與學上的“只見樹木、不見森林”現(xiàn)象。要讓學生確實形成能力，舉一反三，老師的備課量非常之大，好在現(xiàn)在網(wǎng)絡發(fā)達，必修1和必修2還配了教案（不知為什么必修3和必修4沒有），總算應對過來，因此，我在此所講的教學設計之類的，有許多不是我個人的，是別人的成果，特此聲明。
人教版高中語文必修3《交際中的語言運用》教案3篇
知識與技能1、指導學生初步掌握稱謂語、禁忌語、委婉語等交際語言；2、指導學生根據(jù)具體的語境條件運用不同的交際語言，達到交際目的。過程與方法1、通過故事或習題分析，掌握有關交際語言的一些知識；2、講練結合，有所積累。情感、態(tài)度與價值觀點燃學生繼承中華傳統(tǒng)文化的熱情，以得體的交際語言營造良好的人際環(huán)境。教學重點根據(jù)交際中運用語言的要求，引導學生根據(jù)不同的語境條件恰當?shù)乇砬檫_意。教學難點通過課內(nèi)探索延伸至課外，積累關于交際中的語言運用的一些知識。教學課時：一課時教學過程一、導入利用一道口語交際訓練題引入本節(jié)課要探究的內(nèi)容。例1：下面的場合，如果班長既想達到批評的目的，又想把話說得委婉些，表達恰當?shù)囊豁検牵–）小李和小楊，為了一點小事，兩人自習課上大聲地爭吵起來。這時，班長說：A、你們這樣大聲爭吵，影響很壞。B、你們這樣大聲爭吵，難道不感到羞恥吧？
人教版高中政治必修4用對立統(tǒng)一的觀點看問題精品教案
1、重點：如何處理主次矛盾、矛盾主次方面的關系，具體問題具體分析2、難點：弄清主次矛盾、矛盾主次方面的含義四、學情分析高二學生具備了一定的抽象思維和綜合分析的能力,但實踐能力普遍較弱。本框所學知識理論性較強，主次矛盾和矛盾的主次方面這兩個概念極易混淆，學生較難理解。而且本框內(nèi)容屬方法論要求，需要學生將理論與實踐緊密結合，學生在運用理論分析實際問題上還比較薄弱。五、教學方法：1、探究性學習法。組織學生課后分小組進行探究性學習。在探究性學習中進行：“自主學習”、“合作學習”。讓學生進行自主學習的目的是：讓學生作學習的主人，“愛學、樂學”，并培養(yǎng)學生終身學習的能力；讓學生進行合作學習的目的是：在小組分工合作中，在生生互動（ 學生與學生互動）中，促使學生克服“以自我為中心，合作精神差，實踐能力弱“等不足，培養(yǎng)綜合素質(zhì)。2、理論聯(lián)系實際法。關注生活，理論聯(lián)系實際,學以致用。
新人教版高中英語必修3Unit 1 Festivals and Celebrations-Reading for Writing教學設計一
The topic of this part is “Write about your festival experience”.During the Listening and Speaking and Talking, students are just asked to say out their festival experiences such as the Spring Festival, Mid-autumn Day, but this part students will be asked to write down their own festival experiences. During the reading part, it introduces the Naadam Festival in Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, which can give students a good example to imitate. Students not only learn the festival, but touch and feel the Inner Mongolian’s character, the spirit and cultural atmosphere, which can help students form the cultural awareness and learn to enjoy and value the diversity of Chinese culture.Concretely, the dairy tells the experience that the author spent the Naadam Festival in Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region with his/her friend. The structure is clear. In the opening paragraph, it introduces the topic of the Naadam Festival and the whole feeling. Then it introduces the items of the festival like the ceremony, wrestling and horse racing. Finally, it summarizes this experience. Because this part is a travel journal, we must guide students pay more attention to these details: 1. use the first person. 2. use the past tense to tell the past thing and use the present or future tense to describe the scenery. 3. use the timeline to tell the development. 4. be careful for the author’s psychology, emotion and feeling, etc.1. Read quickly to get main idea; read carefully to get the detailed information about Naadam Festival.2. Learn the structure of the reading article and language.3. Write an article about a festival experience4. Learn to use the psychology, emotions and feeling in the writing.1. Write an article about a festival experience.2. Use the structure of the reading article and language.
新人教版高中英語必修3Unit 4 Space Exploration-Listening&Speaking&Talking教學設計一
Listening and Speaking introduces the topic of “talking about how to become an astronaut”. This period is aimed to inform students some details about the requirements of being an astronaut. Students can be motivated and inspired by the astronauts. Teachers ought to encourage students to learn from them and let them aim high and dream big.Listening and Talking introduces the theme of "talk about life in space". This part also informs students more details about life in space and can inspire students to be curious about this job. 1. Guide students to listen for numbers concerning dates, years and ages etc2. Cultivate students' ability to talk about how to become an astronaut and life in space ; 3. Instruct students to use functional sentences of the dialogue such as “ first of all, I am not sure, so what might be .. I guess.. I wonder…I am curious…)appropriately.1. Guide students to understand the content of listening texts in terms of the whole and key details; 2. Cultivate students' ability to guess the meaning of words in listening; discuss with their peers how to become a qualified astronaut and describe the life in space.Part 1: Listening and SpeakingStep 1: Lead inPredictionThe teacher can ask students to predict what the listening text is about by looking at the pictures.About how to become an astronaut./the requirements of an astronautStep 2: Then, play the radio which is about an interview a. And after finishing listening for the first time, the students need to solve the following tasks.
新人教版高中英語必修3Unit 4 Space Exploration-Reading and Thinking教學設計一
Q4: What is the function of the International exploration ?Having astronauts from different countries on boardQ5: What can you learn from Para 4 ?China has made great achievements in exploring spaceQ6: What is the attitude to the space exploration ?SupportiveStep 6 Post reading---RetellPeople have always wanted to learn more about space. Before the mid-20th century, most people felt (1)_________ (travel) into space was an impossible dream. However, (2)____ the help of scientists, peoplesucceeded in realizing their dream (3) _________ (explore) space. On 4 October 1957, the Sputnik 1 satellite (4) ____________(launch) by the USSR. (5) ________________ scientists try to make sure nothing goes wrong, accidents can still happen. These disasters made everyone(6)___________(disappoint), but people still believe in the importance of (7) ________(carry) on space exploration. In 2003, China became the third country to (8)_____________ (independent) send humans into space. Then Shenzhou 6 and 7 completed (9)____ second manned orbit and the first Chinese spacewalk. In spite of the difficulties, scientists hope future (10)__________ (discovery) will not only enable us to understand the universe but also help us survive well into the future.Answers: 1. travelling 2. with 3. to explore 4. was launched 5. Although6. disappointed 7. carrying 8. independently 9. a 10. discoveriesStep 6 Post reading---Critical thinkingQ1: What do you think of the space exploration ? I think it is beneficial to us. Through further study of space, people will make full use of it in the future, such as the space experiments by Wang Yaping in Tian Gong 1.Q2: If you are determined to be an astronaut, what should you prepare at present ?First of all, I should study hard to get a related college degree. Besides, I must keep mental and physical healthy.Step 7. HomeworkTry to summarize the structure of the article by a mind map.
新人教版高中英語必修3Unit 4 Space Exploration-Reading For Writing教學設計一
另一方面，其余的人反對這個計劃，因為它可能會導致一些不好的影響。7.I hold the belief that space exploration not only enable us to understand how the universe began but also help us survived well into the future.我堅信探索太空不僅能夠使我們了解宇宙的起源而且能夠幫助我們更好地走進未來。8.I think we should spend more time and money exploring space so as to provide new and better solutions to people's shortterm and longterm problems.為了給人類的短期和長期問題提供更新和更好的解決方法，我認為我們應該花更多的時間和金錢來探索太空。9．From my point of view，it is wrong of young people to depend on their telephones too much，which may do harm to both their physical and mental health.在我看來，年輕人過度依賴手機是不對的，因為它們可能會對他們的身心健康都有害。最近你班同學就“人類是否應該進行宇宙探索”這個問題進行了激烈的討論。有人認為，探索宇宙不僅讓人類更好地了解宇宙的發(fā)展，還可以用來指導農(nóng)業(yè)生產(chǎn)，以及把一些探索太空的高新技術用于現(xiàn)實生活；也有一些人認為探索太空花掉了大量的人力物力；影響了人們的生活水平。請你根據(jù)以下情況寫一篇報告并發(fā)表自己的觀點。注意：1.寫作內(nèi)容應包括以上全部要點，可適當發(fā)揮，使上下文連貫；
新人教版高中英語必修3Unit 5 The Value of Money-Reading and Thinking教學設計一
Everybody wants to get wealth.In today’s material world,making money or becoming wealthy symbolizes a person’s success and capability. Many people just make every effort, pay any price to attain greater wealth. With money,they can buy nice, large apartments in nice neighborhood. With money they can own luxurious cars. Wealth seems to bring all happiness in life.But is wealth the only road to happiness? Not really. There are many things in the world, which are beyond the means of money, such as friendship, love, health and knowledge. People are so preoccupied with struggling for money that they have no time or would not take the time to form or maintain friendship. What happiness can they feel living as lonely miserable creatures without love or friends in the world even if they accumulate tremendous wealth?In my opinion, people can’t do anything without money, but money is not everything. What money will bring you depends on your personal belief and goal in life. If you are kind enough to help others, especially the poor, money is a good thing to you. With it, you can do much more for the benefit of people and your country, and it will add to your own happiness. If you want money just for your own needs, you’ll never be satisfied or happy. In a word,you should have money spent for more people. Only then can money be the source of your happiness.Step 8 Homework4 students in a group, one acts Roderick, one Oliver, one servant and the fourth one acts Henry Adams, then listen to the tape, pay more attention to the difference between American English and British English in pronunciation, stress, tone.
新人教版高中英語必修3Unit 5 the value of money-Reading For Writing教學設計一
【參考范文】Narrator：(Henry is smiling as he leaves the restaurant. As he is walking down the street, he sees a sign for a place that cuts hair. He decides to get it cut. )H＝Henry；B＝Barber；R＝rude manH：Good afternoon, I'd like to get a cut, if I may. (The barber looks at Henry's hair and continues cutting another man's hair. )Er, I'd really like a haircut. As you can see it's much too long. B：(in a rude manner) Yes, I can see that. Indeed, I can. H：Fine, well I'll have a seat then. (He sits in one of the barber's chairs. The barber turns to look at Henry. )B：It's quite expensive here, you know！Are you sure you can afford it?H：Yes. I think so. (In comes the rude man. )R：Hey you there. I need a haircut quickly. Can you do me straightaway?B：All right, then, get in the chair and I'll see what I can do. R：Thank you. (sits down in one of the barber's chairs)H：Excuse me, but I was here first. Aren't you going to do my hair first?B：This man's in a hurry. H：Well so am I！I insist that you cut my hair first. B：OK, but I'll have to be quick. This gentleman is waiting. H：Thank you. (They both become quiet. After his hair is cut, the barber tells Henry how much he must pay. Henry shows the barber the bank note. )B：Why, Mr . . . (looks shocked)H：Adams. Henry Adams. I'm sorry, I don't have any change. R：You're that Mr Adams! Well，I'm glad I waited or I might never have known it was you. B：Why, Mr Adams, please don't worry！(wearing a big smile) Nothing to worry about！Nothing at all!Please come back any time, even if you only need too little hairs cut！It will be my honour to serve you!
《說“木葉”》說課稿（二） 2021-2022學年統(tǒng)編版高中語文必修下冊
一、說教材《說“木葉”》這篇文學論文位于統(tǒng)編版高中語文必修下冊第三單元。本單元對應課程標準的學習任務群是“實用性閱讀與交流”，人文主題是“探索與創(chuàng)新”，語文素養(yǎng)是“學習閱讀知識性讀物，理清文章思路，學習闡釋說明、邏輯推理的方法，體會語言的嚴謹準確，發(fā)展科學思維”。《說“木葉”》提出了中國古典詩歌為何用“‘木葉’而不用‘樹葉’、又由‘木葉’發(fā)展為‘落木’的疑問”，繼而分析了“木”字的兩個藝術特征，解決了上述疑問，闡發(fā)了中國古典詩歌語言的暗示性。二、說學情高一年級下學期的學生已經(jīng)接觸過不少實用性論說類文本，例如統(tǒng)編版九年級上冊《論教養(yǎng)》《談創(chuàng)造性思維》等文章。本學段的學生已經(jīng)掌握了“論點、論據(jù)、論證”的相關知識，并且發(fā)展了一定的邏輯思維能力，這為《說“木葉”》的講授提供了學習支架。但《說“木葉”》這篇文學論文，篇幅長達三千字，使用了專業(yè)術語，運用大量詩詞舉例，這些是給學生閱讀造成困難的原因。
拋物線的簡單幾何性質(zhì)（2）教學設計人教A版高中數(shù)學選擇性必修第一冊
二、直線與拋物線的位置關系設直線l:y=kx+m,拋物線:y2=2px(p>0),將直線方程與拋物線方程聯(lián)立整理成關于x的方程k2x2+2(km-p)x+m2=0.(1)若k≠0,當Δ>0時,直線與拋物線相交,有兩個交點;當Δ=0時,直線與拋物線相切,有一個切點;當Δ<0時,直線與拋物線相離,沒有公共點.(2)若k=0,直線與拋物線有一個交點,此時直線平行于拋物線的對稱軸或與對稱軸重合.因此直線與拋物線有一個公共點是直線與拋物線相切的必要不充分條件.二、典例解析例5.過拋物線焦點F的直線交拋物線于A、B兩點，通過點A和拋物線頂點的直線交拋物線的準線于點D，求證：直線DB平行于拋物線的對稱軸．【分析】設拋物線的標準方程為：y2＝2px（p＞0）．設A（x1，y1），B（x2，y2）．直線OA的方程為： ＝ ＝ ，可得yD＝ ．設直線AB的方程為：my＝x﹣ ，與拋物線的方程聯(lián)立化為y2﹣2pm﹣p2＝0，
雙曲線的簡單幾何性質(zhì)（2）教學設計人教A版高中數(shù)學選擇性必修第一冊
二、典例解析例4．如圖，雙曲線型冷卻塔的外形，是雙曲線的一部分，已知塔的總高度為137.5m，塔頂直徑為90m，塔的最小直徑(喉部直徑)為60m，喉部標高112.5m，試建立適當?shù)淖鴺讼担蟪龃穗p曲線的標準方程（精確到1m）解:設雙曲線的標準方程為 ，如圖所示：為喉部直徑，故 ，故雙曲線方程為 .而 的橫坐標為塔頂直徑的一半即 ，其縱坐標為塔的總高度與喉部標高的差即 ，故 ，故 ，所以 ，故雙曲線方程為 .例5．已知點 到定點 的距離和它到定直線l: 的距離的比是 ，則點 的軌跡方程為?解：設點 ，由題知, ，即 .整理得： .請你將例5與橢圓一節(jié)中的例6比較，你有什么發(fā)現(xiàn)？例6、 過雙曲線 的右焦點F2,傾斜角為30度的直線交雙曲線于A,B兩點,求|AB|.分析:求弦長問題有兩種方法:法一:如果交點坐標易求,可直接用兩點間距離公式代入求弦長;法二:但有時為了簡化計算,常設而不求,運用韋達定理來處理.解：由雙曲線的方程得，兩焦點分別為F1(-3,0),F2(3,0).因為直線AB的傾斜角是30°，且直線經(jīng)過右焦點F2，所以，直線AB的方程為
橢圓的簡單幾何性質(zhì)（2）教學設計人教A版高中數(shù)學選擇性必修第一冊
二、典例解析例5. 如圖，一種電影放映燈的反射鏡面是旋轉橢圓面（橢圓繞其對稱軸旋轉一周形成的曲面）的一部分。過對稱軸的截口 ABC是橢圓的一部分，燈絲位于橢圓的一個焦點F_1上，片門位另一個焦點F_2上，由橢圓一個焦點F_1 發(fā)出的光線，經(jīng)過旋轉橢圓面反射后集中到另一個橢圓焦點F_2，已知 〖BC⊥F_1 F〗_2，|F_1 B|=2.8cm, |F_1 F_2 |=4.5cm,試建立適當?shù)钠矫嬷苯亲鴺讼?，求截口ABC所在的橢圓方程(精確到0.1cm)典例解析解：建立如圖所示的平面直角坐標系，設所求橢圓方程為x^2/a^2 +y^2/b^2 =1 (a>b>0) 在Rt ΔBF_1 F_2中,|F_2 B|= √(|F_1 B|^2+|F_1 F_2 |^2 )=√(〖2.8〗^2 〖+4.5〗^2 ) 有橢圓的性質(zhì) , |F_1 B|+|F_2 B|=2 a, 所以a=1/2(|F_1 B|+|F_2 B|)=1/2(2.8+√(〖2.8〗^2 〖+4.5〗^2 )) ≈4.1b= √(a^2 〖-c〗^2 ) ≈3.4所以所求橢圓方程為x^2/〖4.1〗^2 +y^2/〖3.4〗^2 =1 利用橢圓的幾何性質(zhì)求標準方程的思路1．利用橢圓的幾何性質(zhì)求橢圓的標準方程時，通常采用待定系數(shù)法，其步驟是：(1)確定焦點位置；(2)設出相應橢圓的標準方程(對于焦點位置不確定的橢圓可能有兩種標準方程)；(3)根據(jù)已知條件構造關于參數(shù)的關系式，利用方程(組)求參數(shù)，列方程(組)時常用的關系式有b2＝a2－c2等．
用空間向量研究直線、平面的位置關系（2）教學設計人教A版高中數(shù)學選擇性必修第一冊
跟蹤訓練1在正方體ABCD-A1B1C1D1中,E為AC的中點.求證:(1)BD1⊥AC;(2)BD1⊥EB1.(2)∵(BD_1 ) ?=(-1,-1,1),(EB_1 ) ?=(1/2 "," 1/2 "," 1),∴(BD_1 ) ?·(EB_1 ) ?=(-1)×1/2+(-1)×1/2+1×1=0,∴(BD_1 ) ?⊥(EB_1 ) ?,∴BD1⊥EB1.證明:以D為原點,DA,DC,DD1所在直線分別為x軸、y軸、z軸,建立如圖所示的空間直角坐標系.設正方體的棱長為1,則B(1,1,0),D1(0,0,1),A(1,0,0),C(0,1,0),E(1/2 "," 1/2 "," 0),B1(1,1,1).(1)∵(BD_1 ) ?=(-1,-1,1),(AC) ?=(-1,1,0),∴(BD_1 ) ?·(AC) ?=(-1)×(-1)+(-1)×1+1×0=0.∴(BD_1 ) ?⊥(AC) ?,∴BD1⊥AC.例2在棱長為1的正方體ABCD-A1B1C1D1中,E,F,M分別為棱AB,BC,B1B的中點.求證:D1M⊥平面EFB1.思路分析一種思路是不建系,利用基向量法證明(D_1 M) ?與平面EFB1內(nèi)的兩個不共線向量都垂直,從而根據(jù)線面垂直的判定定理證得結論;另一種思路是建立空間直角坐標系,通過坐標運算證明(D_1 M) ?與平面EFB1內(nèi)的兩個不共線向量都垂直;還可以在建系的前提下,求得平面EFB1的法向量,然后說明(D_1 M) ?與法向量共線,從而證得結論.證明:(方法1)因為E,F,M分別為棱AB,BC,B1B的中點,所以(D_1 M) ?=(D_1 B_1 ) ?+(B_1 M) ?=(DA) ?+(DC) ?+1/2 (B_1 B) ?,而(B_1 E) ?=(B_1 B) ?+(BE) ?=(B_1 B) ?-1/2 (DC) ?,于是(D_1 M) ?·(B_1 E) ?=((DA) ?+(DC) ?+1/2 (B_1 B) ?)·((B_1 B) ?-1/2 (DC) ?)=0-0+0-1/2+1/2-1/4×0=0,因此(D_1 M) ?⊥(B_1 E) ?.同理(D_1 M) ?⊥(B_1 F) ?,又因為(B_1 E) ?,(B_1 F) ?不共線,因此D1M⊥平面EFB1.
