
Example:One day, a poor boy who was trying to pay his way through school by sending newspapers door to door found that he only had one dime(一角)left. He was so hungry that he decided to beg for a meal at the next house.However, he lost his nerve when a lovely young woman opened the door. Instead of a meal he asked for a drink of water. She thought he looked hungry so she brought him a large glass of milk. He drank it slowly, and then asked, “How much do I owe you?” “You don’t owe me anything,” she replied, “Mother has taught me never to accept pay for a kindness.” “Then I thank you from the bottom of my heart.” With these words, Howard Kelly left that house.Years later the woman became badly ill and was finally sent to the hospital in a big city. Dr. Howard Kelly, now famous, was called in. When he heard the name of the town she came from, a strange light filled his eyes. Dressed in his doctor’s clothes, Dr. Kelly went into her room and recognized her at once. From that day on, he gave special attention to her, and decided to do his best to save her life.At last the woman was saved. Dr. Kelly asked the business office to pass the final bill to him. He looked at it and then wrote something on the side. The bill was sent to the woman’s room. She was afraid to open it because she was sure that it would take the rest of her life to pay for it off. Finally she looked, and the note on the side of the bill caught her attention. She read these words: “Paid in full with a glass of milk, Dr. Howard Kelly.” Tear of joy flooded her eyes.

1. 這個寓言是一個關于一位國王古寓言。 The fable is an old fable about a king.2.作者用這個故事讓讀者對于社區(qū)的問題負有個人責任的必要印象深刻。The author used the story to impress upon readers with the need to take personal responsibility for problems in the community.3. 這個故事十分成功的實現(xiàn)了它的目的。The story was quite successful in achieving its purpose.Step 7 WritingPlease write a review of the story according the outline above.The fable is an old fable about a king who thought his people are lazy, so he put a large stone in the middle of the road and hides and waited to see if anyone will try to move it.The author used this story to impress upon readers with the need to take personal responsibility for problems in the community. The story was quite successful in achieving its purpose, and I liked it because it had a clear moral.However, while the moral of the story is clear, the actions of the king seemed pointless to me, because none of the characters in the story learnt anything. For this reason, I think there are better stories that can be used to impress upon people with the need for personal responsibility.Step 8 Pair workExchange drafts with a partner. Use this checklist to help your partner revise his/her draft.1. Does the writer give a short description of the story ?2. Does the description include the most important details of the story ?3. Does the writer give his or her opinion about the character or their actions ?4. Is the review well-organised ? 5. Does the writer use the -ing form as the adverbial correctly in the writing ?6. Are there any grammar, spelling, or punctuation errors ?Step 9 HomeworkPut up your revised draft in the classroom or read it to your class.

Listening and Speaking introduces the topic of “talking about how to become an astronaut”. This period is aimed to inform students some details about the requirements of being an astronaut. Students can be motivated and inspired by the astronauts. Teachers ought to encourage students to learn from them and let them aim high and dream big.Listening and Talking introduces the theme of "talk about life in space". This part also informs students more details about life in space and can inspire students to be curious about this job. 1. Guide students to listen for numbers concerning dates, years and ages etc2. Cultivate students' ability to talk about how to become an astronaut and life in space ; 3. Instruct students to use functional sentences of the dialogue such as “ first of all, I am not sure, so what might be .. I guess.. I wonder…I am curious…)appropriately.1. Guide students to understand the content of listening texts in terms of the whole and key details; 2. Cultivate students' ability to guess the meaning of words in listening; discuss with their peers how to become a qualified astronaut and describe the life in space.Part 1: Listening and SpeakingStep 1: Lead inPredictionThe teacher can ask students to predict what the listening text is about by looking at the pictures.About how to become an astronaut./the requirements of an astronautStep 2: Then, play the radio which is about an interview a. And after finishing listening for the first time, the students need to solve the following tasks.

Q4: What is the function of the International exploration ?Having astronauts from different countries on boardQ5: What can you learn from Para 4 ?China has made great achievements in exploring spaceQ6: What is the attitude to the space exploration ?SupportiveStep 6 Post reading---RetellPeople have always wanted to learn more about space. Before the mid-20th century, most people felt (1)_________ (travel) into space was an impossible dream. However, (2)____ the help of scientists, peoplesucceeded in realizing their dream (3) _________ (explore) space. On 4 October 1957, the Sputnik 1 satellite (4) ____________(launch) by the USSR. (5) ________________ scientists try to make sure nothing goes wrong, accidents can still happen. These disasters made everyone(6)___________(disappoint), but people still believe in the importance of (7) ________(carry) on space exploration. In 2003, China became the third country to (8)_____________ (independent) send humans into space. Then Shenzhou 6 and 7 completed (9)____ second manned orbit and the first Chinese spacewalk. In spite of the difficulties, scientists hope future (10)__________ (discovery) will not only enable us to understand the universe but also help us survive well into the future.Answers: 1. travelling 2. with 3. to explore 4. was launched 5. Although6. disappointed 7. carrying 8. independently 9. a 10. discoveriesStep 6 Post reading---Critical thinkingQ1: What do you think of the space exploration ? I think it is beneficial to us. Through further study of space, people will make full use of it in the future, such as the space experiments by Wang Yaping in Tian Gong 1.Q2: If you are determined to be an astronaut, what should you prepare at present ?First of all, I should study hard to get a related college degree. Besides, I must keep mental and physical healthy.Step 7. HomeworkTry to summarize the structure of the article by a mind map.

另一方面,其余的人反對這個計劃,因為它可能會導致一些不好的影響。7.I hold the belief that space exploration not only enable us to understand how the universe began but also help us survived well into the future.我堅信探索太空不僅能夠使我們了解宇宙的起源而且能夠幫助我們更好地走進未來。8.I think we should spend more time and money exploring space so as to provide new and better solutions to people's shortterm and longterm problems.為了給人類的短期和長期問題提供更新和更好的解決方法,我認為我們應該花更多的時間和金錢來探索太空。9.From my point of view,it is wrong of young people to depend on their telephones too much,which may do harm to both their physical and mental health.在我看來,年輕人過度依賴手機是不對的,因為它們可能會對他們的身心健康都有害。最近你班同學就“人類是否應該進行宇宙探索”這個問題進行了激烈的討論。有人認為,探索宇宙不僅讓人類更好地了解宇宙的發(fā)展,還可以用來指導農(nóng)業(yè)生產(chǎn),以及把一些探索太空的高新技術用于現(xiàn)實生活;也有一些人認為探索太空花掉了大量的人力物力;影響了人們的生活水平。請你根據(jù)以下情況寫一篇報告并發(fā)表自己的觀點。注意:1.寫作內(nèi)容應包括以上全部要點,可適當發(fā)揮,使上下文連貫;

Step 3 Meaning1. 過去將來時表示從過去某一時間來看將要發(fā)生的動作或存在的狀態(tài), 常用在賓語從句中。一般由“would/should +動詞原形”構成。She hoped that they would meet again someday. 她希望將來有一天他們能再見面。2. was/were going to+動詞原形: 表示過去將要發(fā)生或很有可能發(fā)生的動作, 常用于口語中, 表示預言、意圖或者打算等。He was going to start work the following week. 他打算下星期開始工作。3. was/were about to do: 常用來表示即將發(fā)生的動作, “剛要/正要做……”。注意該結構不與任何時間狀語連用。I felt that something terrible was about to happen. 我感到某種可怕的事情即將發(fā)生。4.was/were to do: 表示“曾計劃做某事”, 如果表示“本來計劃做某事, 動作沒實現(xiàn)”, 則需用 “was/were to have done”。She said she was to have told me about the accident. 她說她本來想告訴我關于事故的事。5.Start, go, come, leave, see, meet等動詞的過去進行時: 表示就過去某一時刻而言即將發(fā)生的動作。She was coming later. 她隨后就來。I had just put on my overcoat and was leaving to visit a friend of mine. 我剛穿上外套要去看我的一個朋友。

Step 4: Listen again and decide if the following statements are true (T) or false (F).1 It was the first time Chen Liyan's story was reported. T口 F口2 Chen found 10,000 yuan in a small plastic bag in Taiyuan railway station口 F口3 Wang Zheng apologized to Chen because he couldn't offer her more money. T口 F口4 Chen took out a large loan to cure her daughter, T口 F口5 Wang set up a fundraising website for Chen's daughter after Chen told him about her situation. T口 F口Step 5:After listening, discuss the questions.1 What kind of person do you think Chen Liyan is?Chen Liyan is generous and honest because she returned a large sum of money to the owner.2 Did Chen return the money because she didn't need it?No. She returned the money because it was the right thing to do. Evidence for this is that she refused to accept the reward money because she felt that it had not been earned. 3 Is it common for people to do what Chen did?It depends on the culture. In some countries it is quite common to return money that has been found. In other countries, people believe "Finders are keepers!" 4 How did Wang Zheng feel about the return of his money?He must have been very happy and relieved to have gotten his money back. We know this because he thanked Chen repeatedly and even offered her a reward.5 Why did Ma Dongbao tell Wang about Chen's family?He must have had great sympathy for Chen and her daughter and wanted to help them.'We know this because he arranged help for them. 6 How did the news reporter feel about Chen's actions?The news reporter felt that it showed that money wasn't the most important thing in life. We know this because the reporter told us that this is what Chen believes. and then said, “that's a great attitude to take."

“千載琵琶作胡語,分明怨恨曲中論?!薄霸购蕖眱勺贮c明全篇主旨。千百年來,琵琶所演奏的總是從匈奴傳來的撩人愁思的胡樂,正是昭君在訴說著她的怨恨!這兩句從側面烘托昭君的形象,既有對她的贊揚,又有對她的同情。讀到這里,我們的耳邊好像又響起了那深沉、幽怨的琵琶聲!5、這首詩寫的是昭君的怨恨,但首聯(lián)一開始并沒有寫她的怨恨,寫的是什么?這樣寫的目的又是什么?明確:群山萬壑赴荊門山是群山起伏,連綿不絕;水是萬壑爭流,奔騰不息,直赴荊門山。其中的“赴”字用了擬人的手法,把迤邐不絕的千山萬壑陡然間寫活了,既有飛動之勢,又有變幻之姿。從側面烘托昭君的形象。兩千多年前,一個青年女子遠離父母之邦,嫁到異域,并在那里度過一生,確實需要巨大的勇氣和毅力,而這雄偉的山川簡直就是她那堅強的性格的象征。6、佳句鑒賞(這首詩歌當中,我認為有兩句詩寫得非常美,我自己很喜歡,不知道有沒有同道中人?)

教學目標:1、了解文學作品解讀的個性化及其原因。2、探討個性化解讀遵循的基本原則,合理解讀文學作品。教學重點:引導學生關注文學現(xiàn)象,培養(yǎng)他們對文學作品理解的多重思維能力。教學難點:把握個性化的度。避免偏激的理解、過度的張揚所謂個性,嚴重歪曲文學作品。教學方法:導讀、計論、合作探究。教學時間:一課時教學過程:一、創(chuàng)設情境、揭題導入:記得有這樣一個故事:一個小孩在四歲就能背《登鸛雀樓》,可平時只有在大人的要求下,他才背出來。直到六歲的某一天,他父母帶他去旅游,在他登陸上山頂時,竟然隨口背出:“欲窮千里目,更上一層樓”來。這說明了什么?……(討論)文學作品解讀的個性化。二、探討個性化解讀的原因1、讀者的差異導致解讀的個性化A、同一作品,閱讀的時間不同,解讀不同。如上面的例子。如《從百草園到三味書屋》和《風箏》主題的多元化理解?!皽毓手隆保髦刈x,不但有趣,而且有益。B、同一作品,不同讀者,解讀不同。

1、知識與能力:知道諸子百家,認識春秋戰(zhàn)國時期“百家爭鳴”局面形成的重要意義;了解孔子、孟子和荀子的主要觀點,理解儒家思想的形成。2、過程與方法:適度引入古代中國政治發(fā)展與傳統(tǒng)文化方面的材料 ,啟發(fā)學生思考百家爭鳴局面形成的重要意義。以列表的方法,從時代、主要觀點、影響等方面,指導學生歸納孔子、孟子和荀子的主要內(nèi)容。以百家爭鳴為主題,組織學生談一談繼承中國傳統(tǒng)文化思想的認識和感受。組織一次“我讀《論語》的讀書活動”。3、情感態(tài)度價值觀:感受中國古代思想的博大精深:通過學習早期儒家的民本思想,培養(yǎng)學生的人文關懷精神;了解儒家文化是我國傳統(tǒng)文化的最主要部分,認識其在世界文化史上的地位和對后世的影響;聯(lián)系現(xiàn)實,使學生正確對待儒家傳統(tǒng)文化,發(fā)揮其在當代的積極意義。

戰(zhàn)國陰陽五行家鄒衍認為,歷史中的朝代更替是由于五德運行產(chǎn)生的影響。按照鄒衍的學說,每個朝代必須與五德之一相連,因此,這個朝代就應當遵循這五德之一的要求來運轉。董仲舒修改了這個理論,認為朝代的更替不是依循五德運行的順序,而是依循“三統(tǒng)”,即黑統(tǒng)、白統(tǒng)、赤統(tǒng)的順序。他在《三代改制質文》中說:每個朝代都依循一統(tǒng),每統(tǒng)又各有其為政的系統(tǒng)。按董仲舒的說法,夏朝代表黑統(tǒng),商朝代表白統(tǒng);周朝則是赤統(tǒng)。夏、商、周三朝完成了這一歷史循環(huán)。之后,歷史又開始一次新的循環(huán),新的朝代又應當代表黑統(tǒng)。繼承周朝統(tǒng)治的既不是秦朝,也不是漢朝,而是孔子,他承受天命,創(chuàng)立了黑統(tǒng)。孔子所受天命,不是一種“法統(tǒng)”,而是一種“道統(tǒng)”。董仲舒說:“《春秋》大一統(tǒng)者,天地之常經(jīng),古今之通誼也。今師異道,人異論,百家殊方,指意不同,是以上亡以持一統(tǒng);法制數(shù)變,下不知所守。臣愚以為諸不在六藝之科孔子之術者,皆絕其道,勿使并進。邪辟之說滅息,然后統(tǒng)紀可一而法度可明,民知所從矣?!?/p>

乾隆五十五年(公元1790年),在安徽一帶很有名氣的“三慶”徽戲班,來到北京演出?;諔蛟诒本┙?jīng)常和其他劇種同臺演出,注意吸收和借鑒他們的長處。尤其是與以唱二黃調和西皮調為主的漢戲的合演,逐漸形成了二黃與西皮的合流,形成了“徽漢合流”的局面,后來徽劇又吸收其他民間曲調的唱腔、劇目和表演方式,逐漸形成以“皮黃”為主要聲腔的京劇。到1840年左右,京劇的唱腔、念白、劇本和表演已經(jīng)成熟,尤其是出現(xiàn)了以演“京戲”為主的一批演員,他們不再以徽戲、漢戲為名,而以演“京戲”自居。從此,誕生了一個獨立的劇種──京劇。2、京劇的發(fā)展早期的京劇以迷人的唱腔、豐富的劇目、精彩的表演和京腔京味吸引了觀眾,使京城出現(xiàn)了京劇熱。同治、光緒年間,京劇已經(jīng)被京城市民承認,成為人們最喜愛的舞臺藝術。并涌現(xiàn)出著名的“同光十三絕”。

思考:1)材料1、2反映了一個什么樣的嚴重問題?(饑餓和糧食問題)2)材料3中,中國農(nóng)民為什么那樣說?(鄧小平在全國實行的以家庭聯(lián)產(chǎn)承包責任制為主要形式的責任制調動了農(nóng)民生產(chǎn)的積極性,解放了農(nóng)村生產(chǎn)力,推動了農(nóng)業(yè)的發(fā)展;袁隆平的雜交水稻提高了水稻產(chǎn)量,增加了農(nóng)民的收入,解決了農(nóng)民的吃飯問題)3)據(jù)以上材料指出,袁隆平研究的交水稻有何重大意義?(雜交稻不僅解決了中國人的吃飯問題;而且其在世界范圍的推廣,也有助于解決世界性的饑餓問題)四、計算機技術與生物技術的發(fā)展1、20世紀50年代,我國開始了計算機的研制工作;2、1983年,我國成功研制出巨型計算機“銀河-Ⅰ號”,加速了國家信息化的發(fā)展;3、1965年,中國首次人工合成結晶牛胰島素(在世界上第一次用人工方法合成出具有生物活性的蛋白質——結晶牛胰島素) 。4、積極參與人類基因的研究(唯一的發(fā)展中國家)。

學生活動三:讓學生閱讀教材P108回答:(投影顯示,然后讓學生對這兩個概念進行比較)總的說,法治與德治是相輔相成、相互促進的。設計意圖:讓學生弄清法治與德治的區(qū)別,并理解法治與德治的聯(lián)系。教師過渡:(提問)我們進行思想道德建設的兩個寶貴資源是什么?這又說明社會主義思想道德體系建設應與什么相承接?(3)社會主義思想道德體系應該與中華民族傳統(tǒng)美德相承接①傳統(tǒng)美德是中華傳統(tǒng)道德中的精華學生活動四:列舉中華民族的傳統(tǒng)美德②今天倡導的基本道德規(guī)范是對中華民族傳統(tǒng)美德的繼承、發(fā)展和創(chuàng)新教師活動:(投影顯示)我國《公民道德實施綱要》提出了20個字的基本道德規(guī)范??梢跃唧w分為10個方面:愛國守法明禮誠信團結友善勤儉自強敬業(yè)奉獻教師過渡:在我們的社會主義社會里,是非、善惡的界限絕對不能混淆,堅持什么、反對什么,倡導什么、抵制什么,都必須旗幟鮮明。所以我們必須樹立社會主義榮辱觀。(4)樹立社會主義榮辱觀——八榮八恥

師:三亞目前正在強調打造文化產(chǎn)業(yè),如舉辦文體大賽,提升三亞知名度.如今"美麗三亞,浪漫天涯"已成為三亞一張旅游名片,以文化產(chǎn)業(yè)的發(fā)展帶動經(jīng)濟旅游的發(fā)展,大家結合今天的三亞文化產(chǎn)業(yè)發(fā)展談談發(fā)展文化事業(yè)和文化產(chǎn)業(yè)的作用.學生:回答(略)。師:要支持文化產(chǎn)業(yè)發(fā)展,增強我國文化產(chǎn)業(yè)的整體實力和競爭力.? 3. 億萬人民的創(chuàng)建活動(板書) (1).人民群眾是精神文明創(chuàng)建活動的主體。學生朗讀課文P103頁,理解億萬人民是精神文明創(chuàng)建活動的主體.師:發(fā)展先進文化,本質上是一個立足于建設中國特設社會主義偉大實踐而不斷進行文化創(chuàng)造的過程,也就是社會主義精神文明的創(chuàng)建過程.(2).人民群眾參與精神文明創(chuàng)建活動的意義.師:人民群眾在社會主義精神文明建設活動中,創(chuàng)造了豐富多彩的形式,在參與的過程中思想感情得到熏陶,思想覺悟得到啟發(fā),精神生活得到充實,道德意識得到增強,道德境界得到升華.這對整個中華民族的精神面貌,正在產(chǎn)生不可估量的積極影響.

8、文化傳播的含義:文化交流的過程,就是文化傳播的過程。 人們通過一定的方式傳遞知識、信息、觀念、情感和信仰,以及與此相關的所有社會交往活動,都可視為文化傳播。9、文化傳播的途徑(1)商業(yè)活動。商人進行貿(mào)易活動時,不僅通過商品交換將商品中蘊涵的豐富文化加以交流,而且通過人與人之間的交往過程交流文化。(2)人口遷徙。每一次大規(guī)模的人口遷徙,都意味著大規(guī)模的文化傳播,都會對當時當?shù)氐慕?jīng)濟、政治、文化產(chǎn)生極大的影響。(3)教育教育是文化傳播的又一重要途徑。人們通過學習各種文化課程,能夠獲得不同的文化知識。文化傳播是教育的重要功能。10、大眾傳媒:現(xiàn)代文化傳播的手段現(xiàn)代社會中的傳媒有報刊、廣播、電視、網(wǎng)絡等多種形式,這類傳媒被稱為大眾傳媒。依托現(xiàn)代信息技術,大眾傳媒能夠最大程度地超越時空的局限,匯集來自世界各地的信息,日益顯示出文化傳遞、溝通、共享的強大功能,已成為文化傳播的主要手段。

(三)合作探究、精講點撥 【情景導入,感受文化的影響】用多媒體展示教材“活動探究”P13的內(nèi)容(圖文并茂)情景問題:① 從這兩幅畫面中發(fā)現(xiàn)了哪些文化上的區(qū)別?你還能舉出更多的事例嗎?② 面對我們祖先創(chuàng)造的精美文化產(chǎn)品,人們的感慨,既有差異,又有共同之處。你能否解釋這是為什么?(學生討論、回答)情景問題:讓學生閱讀“活動探究”情景,帶著這些問題去思考、合作、探究,在學生交流、探究的基礎上,分組派代表完成這些問題,突出了學生的主體地位。設計意圖:1、開門見山的方式引導學生進行新的學習探究活動,創(chuàng)設問題情景,引起懸念,吸引學生的注意力,激發(fā)學生的學習興趣和探究欲望。2、通過自主探究,讓學生感悟到道理越辯越明,促使學生存疑、質疑,從而產(chǎn)生強烈的探究欲望。

一、教材分析在文化傳承的過程中,如果說文化傳播是文化橫向積累過程,那么文化繼承就是文化縱向積累的過程,第四課圍繞文化繼承與文化發(fā)展的關系,繼續(xù)講述文化傳承的過程。本框內(nèi)容主要解析中華傳統(tǒng)文化在現(xiàn)實生活中的作用,闡述繼承傳統(tǒng)文化,發(fā)揮傳統(tǒng)文化的積極作用的正確態(tài)度是“取其精華,去其糟粕”。一、 教學目標1、知識目標通過介紹傳統(tǒng)習俗、傳統(tǒng)建筑、傳統(tǒng)文藝、傳統(tǒng)思想在現(xiàn)代社會生活各方面的延續(xù)及其影響,讓學生了解文化的繼承性。分析傳統(tǒng)文化的相對穩(wěn)定性和鮮明的民族性,解析中華民族傳統(tǒng)文化在現(xiàn)實生活中的作用,知道符合社會發(fā)展規(guī)律的傳統(tǒng)文化對社會與人的發(fā)展的積極作用,而一成不變的傳統(tǒng)文化則會起阻礙社會進步、妨害發(fā)展的消極作用。明確一個民族、一個國家只有發(fā)揮傳統(tǒng)文化的積極作用,克服傳統(tǒng)文化的消極作用,才能興旺發(fā)達的道理;闡述繼承傳統(tǒng)文化,發(fā)揮傳統(tǒng)文化的積極作用的正確態(tài)度是“取其精華,去其糟粕”。

一、教材分析這一課對學生來說還是有點難度的,比較抽象,和同學們的生活離得比較遠。這一課也是第四單元的點睛一課,重點??梢粤信e當前我國社會主義精神文明建設的事例,說明必須堅持馬克思主義的指導地位,用“三個代表”重要思想統(tǒng)領社會主義文化建設;理解發(fā)展先進文化,就是發(fā)展面向現(xiàn)代化、面向世界、面向未來的,民族的科學的大眾的社會主義文化。例如,“五個一工程”等獎項;“希望工程”等活動。讓學生來理解我國社會主義文化的發(fā)展。二、教學目標(一)知識目標(1)當代中國先進文化的科學內(nèi)涵及文化建設的指導思想理解:(2)社會主義核心價值體系的地位、內(nèi)容及要求,(3)堅持馬克思主義指導地位的必要性和重要性(4)引領中國先進文化前進方向的永不退色的旗幟分析:運用相關知識,,說明必須用“三個代表”重要思想統(tǒng)領社會主義文化建設

一、教材分析本課內(nèi)容為《文化生活》(人教版)第二單元“文化傳承與創(chuàng)新”第五課“文化創(chuàng)新”的第二框。如何進行文化創(chuàng)新既是一個社會熱點,具有很強的思想理論性,也具有很強的探索實踐性。在前面的學習探索的 過程中同學們基本明確了文化的交流、傳播和發(fā)展,也明白了文化的繼承和發(fā)展需要創(chuàng)新。那么,怎樣進行文化創(chuàng)新便是本課探討的內(nèi)容,也是本單元的重點、難點和落腳點。二、教學目標(一)知識目標 (1)理解“取其精華,去其糟粕”,“推陳出新,革故鼎新”是文化創(chuàng)新必然要經(jīng)歷的過程;明確立足于社會實踐是文化創(chuàng)新的根本途徑;(2)理解不同民族文化之間的交流、借鑒與融合,是文化創(chuàng)新的重要途徑;(3)在文化創(chuàng)新過程中要把握當代文化與傳統(tǒng)文化,本民族文化與外來文化的關系,反對“守舊主義”、“封閉主義”和“民族虛無主義”、“歷史虛無主義”。
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