
實驗是學習生物的手段和基礎,是培養(yǎng)學生分析問題、解決問題的能力及創(chuàng)造能力的載體。新課程倡導:強調(diào)過程,強調(diào)學生探索新知識的經(jīng)歷和獲得新知的體驗,不能在讓教學脫離學生的內(nèi)心感受,必須讓學生追求過程的體驗。并且每年高考都有對生物學實驗的考查,而且比例越來越重,而學生的失分比例大,主要在于他們沒有完整的生物實驗設計模式,考慮問題欠缺,本節(jié)安排在第二課時完整講述高中生物學實驗設計,是以學生在第一課時和前面探究實驗接觸的前提下,完整體驗生物實驗設計模式,為后面學習探究實驗打下基礎,也為培養(yǎng)學生分析問題、解決問題從一開始就打好基礎。五、說教學過程:第一課時聯(lián)系生活,導入新課,激發(fā)學生學習興趣→細胞代謝→問題探究,酶在代謝中的作用,掌握科學實驗方法→酶的本質(zhì),運用方法,自主歸納獲取新知→小結(jié)練習,突出重點易化難點

1.基因的化學組成:每個基因含有成百上千個脫氧核苷酸。講述:基因的脫氧核苷酸排列順序代表遺傳信息。2.基因不同的實質(zhì):不同的基因,四種脫氧核苷酸的排列順序不同,但是每個基因都有特定的排列順序。3.基因的位置:染色體是基因的主要載體,每個染色體含有一個DNA分子,每個DNA分子含有多個基因,基因在染色體上呈直線排列。4.基因是有遺傳效應的DNA片段這就是說,基因是DNA的片段,但必須具有遺傳效應(指具有復制、轉(zhuǎn)錄、翻譯、重組突變及調(diào)控等功能)。有的DNA片段屬間隔區(qū)段,沒有控制性狀的作用,這樣的DNA片段就不是基因。控制某種性狀的基因有特定的DNA片段,蘊含特定的遺傳信息,可以切除,可以拼接到其他生物的DNA上,從而獲得某種性狀的表達。例如:把牛的胰島素基因拼接到大腸桿菌的DNA上,大腸桿菌可以生產(chǎn)胰島素。

The topic of this part is “Write about your festival experience”.During the Listening and Speaking and Talking, students are just asked to say out their festival experiences such as the Spring Festival, Mid-autumn Day, but this part students will be asked to write down their own festival experiences. During the reading part, it introduces the Naadam Festival in Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, which can give students a good example to imitate. Students not only learn the festival, but touch and feel the Inner Mongolian’s character, the spirit and cultural atmosphere, which can help students form the cultural awareness and learn to enjoy and value the diversity of Chinese culture.Concretely, the dairy tells the experience that the author spent the Naadam Festival in Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region with his/her friend. The structure is clear. In the opening paragraph, it introduces the topic of the Naadam Festival and the whole feeling. Then it introduces the items of the festival like the ceremony, wrestling and horse racing. Finally, it summarizes this experience. Because this part is a travel journal, we must guide students pay more attention to these details: 1. use the first person. 2. use the past tense to tell the past thing and use the present or future tense to describe the scenery. 3. use the timeline to tell the development. 4. be careful for the author’s psychology, emotion and feeling, etc.1. Read quickly to get main idea; read carefully to get the detailed information about Naadam Festival.2. Learn the structure of the reading article and language.3. Write an article about a festival experience4. Learn to use the psychology, emotions and feeling in the writing.1. Write an article about a festival experience.2. Use the structure of the reading article and language.

Listening and Speaking introduces the topic of “talking about how to become an astronaut”. This period is aimed to inform students some details about the requirements of being an astronaut. Students can be motivated and inspired by the astronauts. Teachers ought to encourage students to learn from them and let them aim high and dream big.Listening and Talking introduces the theme of "talk about life in space". This part also informs students more details about life in space and can inspire students to be curious about this job. 1. Guide students to listen for numbers concerning dates, years and ages etc2. Cultivate students' ability to talk about how to become an astronaut and life in space ; 3. Instruct students to use functional sentences of the dialogue such as “ first of all, I am not sure, so what might be .. I guess.. I wonder…I am curious…)appropriately.1. Guide students to understand the content of listening texts in terms of the whole and key details; 2. Cultivate students' ability to guess the meaning of words in listening; discuss with their peers how to become a qualified astronaut and describe the life in space.Part 1: Listening and SpeakingStep 1: Lead inPredictionThe teacher can ask students to predict what the listening text is about by looking at the pictures.About how to become an astronaut./the requirements of an astronautStep 2: Then, play the radio which is about an interview a. And after finishing listening for the first time, the students need to solve the following tasks.

Q4: What is the function of the International exploration ?Having astronauts from different countries on boardQ5: What can you learn from Para 4 ?China has made great achievements in exploring spaceQ6: What is the attitude to the space exploration ?SupportiveStep 6 Post reading---RetellPeople have always wanted to learn more about space. Before the mid-20th century, most people felt (1)_________ (travel) into space was an impossible dream. However, (2)____ the help of scientists, peoplesucceeded in realizing their dream (3) _________ (explore) space. On 4 October 1957, the Sputnik 1 satellite (4) ____________(launch) by the USSR. (5) ________________ scientists try to make sure nothing goes wrong, accidents can still happen. These disasters made everyone(6)___________(disappoint), but people still believe in the importance of (7) ________(carry) on space exploration. In 2003, China became the third country to (8)_____________ (independent) send humans into space. Then Shenzhou 6 and 7 completed (9)____ second manned orbit and the first Chinese spacewalk. In spite of the difficulties, scientists hope future (10)__________ (discovery) will not only enable us to understand the universe but also help us survive well into the future.Answers: 1. travelling 2. with 3. to explore 4. was launched 5. Although6. disappointed 7. carrying 8. independently 9. a 10. discoveriesStep 6 Post reading---Critical thinkingQ1: What do you think of the space exploration ? I think it is beneficial to us. Through further study of space, people will make full use of it in the future, such as the space experiments by Wang Yaping in Tian Gong 1.Q2: If you are determined to be an astronaut, what should you prepare at present ?First of all, I should study hard to get a related college degree. Besides, I must keep mental and physical healthy.Step 7. HomeworkTry to summarize the structure of the article by a mind map.

另一方面,其余的人反對這個計劃,因為它可能會導致一些不好的影響。7.I hold the belief that space exploration not only enable us to understand how the universe began but also help us survived well into the future.我堅信探索太空不僅能夠使我們了解宇宙的起源而且能夠幫助我們更好地走進未來。8.I think we should spend more time and money exploring space so as to provide new and better solutions to people's shortterm and longterm problems.為了給人類的短期和長期問題提供更新和更好的解決方法,我認為我們應該花更多的時間和金錢來探索太空。9.From my point of view,it is wrong of young people to depend on their telephones too much,which may do harm to both their physical and mental health.在我看來,年輕人過度依賴手機是不對的,因為它們可能會對他們的身心健康都有害。最近你班同學就“人類是否應該進行宇宙探索”這個問題進行了激烈的討論。有人認為,探索宇宙不僅讓人類更好地了解宇宙的發(fā)展,還可以用來指導農(nóng)業(yè)生產(chǎn),以及把一些探索太空的高新技術(shù)用于現(xiàn)實生活;也有一些人認為探索太空花掉了大量的人力物力;影響了人們的生活水平。請你根據(jù)以下情況寫一篇報告并發(fā)表自己的觀點。注意:1.寫作內(nèi)容應包括以上全部要點,可適當發(fā)揮,使上下文連貫;

Everybody wants to get wealth.In today’s material world,making money or becoming wealthy symbolizes a person’s success and capability. Many people just make every effort, pay any price to attain greater wealth. With money,they can buy nice, large apartments in nice neighborhood. With money they can own luxurious cars. Wealth seems to bring all happiness in life.But is wealth the only road to happiness? Not really. There are many things in the world, which are beyond the means of money, such as friendship, love, health and knowledge. People are so preoccupied with struggling for money that they have no time or would not take the time to form or maintain friendship. What happiness can they feel living as lonely miserable creatures without love or friends in the world even if they accumulate tremendous wealth?In my opinion, people can’t do anything without money, but money is not everything. What money will bring you depends on your personal belief and goal in life. If you are kind enough to help others, especially the poor, money is a good thing to you. With it, you can do much more for the benefit of people and your country, and it will add to your own happiness. If you want money just for your own needs, you’ll never be satisfied or happy. In a word,you should have money spent for more people. Only then can money be the source of your happiness.Step 8 Homework4 students in a group, one acts Roderick, one Oliver, one servant and the fourth one acts Henry Adams, then listen to the tape, pay more attention to the difference between American English and British English in pronunciation, stress, tone.

【參考范文】Narrator:(Henry is smiling as he leaves the restaurant. As he is walking down the street, he sees a sign for a place that cuts hair. He decides to get it cut. )H=Henry;B=Barber;R=rude manH:Good afternoon, I'd like to get a cut, if I may. (The barber looks at Henry's hair and continues cutting another man's hair. )Er, I'd really like a haircut. As you can see it's much too long. B:(in a rude manner) Yes, I can see that. Indeed, I can. H:Fine, well I'll have a seat then. (He sits in one of the barber's chairs. The barber turns to look at Henry. )B:It's quite expensive here, you know!Are you sure you can afford it?H:Yes. I think so. (In comes the rude man. )R:Hey you there. I need a haircut quickly. Can you do me straightaway?B:All right, then, get in the chair and I'll see what I can do. R:Thank you. (sits down in one of the barber's chairs)H:Excuse me, but I was here first. Aren't you going to do my hair first?B:This man's in a hurry. H:Well so am I!I insist that you cut my hair first. B:OK, but I'll have to be quick. This gentleman is waiting. H:Thank you. (They both become quiet. After his hair is cut, the barber tells Henry how much he must pay. Henry shows the barber the bank note. )B:Why, Mr . . . (looks shocked)H:Adams. Henry Adams. I'm sorry, I don't have any change. R:You're that Mr Adams! Well,I'm glad I waited or I might never have known it was you. B:Why, Mr Adams, please don't worry!(wearing a big smile) Nothing to worry about!Nothing at all!Please come back any time, even if you only need too little hairs cut!It will be my honour to serve you!

(二)課堂教學在教學中,無論是形式還是內(nèi)容,都必須統(tǒng)一于學生的發(fā)展。從形式上說,以學生展示、思考、討論為主,教師點撥為輔,在一定的情境與社會文化背景下,獲得對傳統(tǒng)文化的認識和理解。從內(nèi)容上說,主要以福州地方傳統(tǒng)文化為素材,圍繞海峽兩岸同時舉辦的“元霄燈會”為主線,回歸到學生的生活世界,更有效地激發(fā)起學生情感,并將生活世界與知識世界銜接起來,在實際情景中分析傳授相關(guān)傳統(tǒng)文化的知識,提高學生認識和分析解決問題的能力,逐步形成對傳統(tǒng)文化的情感和價值判斷。教學過程,緊緊圍繞傳統(tǒng)文化,分為“激趣導入--活動感悟--探究思辯--升華導行”四個層次,環(huán)環(huán)相扣,逐步推進,幫助學生完成由感性認識到理性認識的飛躍。1.激趣導入良好的開端是成功的一半。德國的普克朗認為:“思考可以構(gòu)成一座橋,讓我們通向新知識”。因此,一開始,我就運用對比方法,進行設問,福州和西安、南京、北京一樣也是歷史文化名城,你們同意嗎?

根據(jù)課標要求,參照教科書,支撐這一問題解決的知識有:⑴文化生活的特點;⑵文化生活的兩面性;⑶發(fā)展文化生活的基本要求。其中重點問題是辨別文化生活的“喜”與“憂”。只有辨別清楚,才能趨利避害,才能積極主動的參與健康向上的文化生活。從而為怎樣發(fā)展為人民大眾所喜聞樂見的文化打下基礎。由于高二學生尚未學習哲學知識,所以它也是本節(jié)的一個難點,同時,由于學術(shù)界對什么是大眾文化,大眾文化有那些基本特征,存在著分歧,所以正確把握大眾文化的含義也成為本節(jié)課的一個難點。三、學情分析:應該說高二學生已經(jīng)參與了不少的文化生活。但由于其正處在三觀形成的關(guān)鍵時期,對文化生活的參與還比較盲目,缺少理性思考,以至付出沉重的代價。很顯然通過本框的學習,學生會更加理性的參與文化生活,從而健康茁壯的發(fā)展、成長。四、教學目標:基于以上分析,我將本框題的教學目標確定為以下三個方面:(1)知識目標:了解目前我國文化生活的現(xiàn)狀,知道人們的文化生活是色彩斑斕的,但也存在令人憂慮的現(xiàn)象;把握大眾文化的豐富內(nèi)涵;明確發(fā)展為人民大眾所喜聞樂見的文化必須堅持的原則、方針等。

一、教材分析下面我來談一談對教材的認識:主要從教材的地位和作用、以及在此基礎上確立的教學目標、教學重難點這三個方面來談。首先,來談教材的地位和作用:本課教材內(nèi)容主要從三個方面向?qū)W生介紹了現(xiàn)代中國教育的發(fā)展狀況和趨勢:人民教育的奠基、動亂中的教育和教育的復興,全面講述了新中國教育的三個階段。本課是文化史中中國史部分的最后一課, 也是必修三冊書中唯一涉及教育的一課。而教育是思想文化史中的重要組成部分,江澤民同志在談到教育的時候曾經(jīng)說過,“百年大計,教育為本。教育為本,在于育人”。教育是關(guān)系國計民生的大事。學生通過學習新中國教育發(fā)展的史實,理解“科教興國”、“國運興衰,系于教育”的深刻含義。最終由此激發(fā)學生樹立“知識改變命運、讀書成就人生”的信念,樹立勤奮學習、成人成才、報效祖國、服務社會的崇高理想。故本課的教學有極大的現(xiàn)實意義。談完了教材的地位和作用,我再分析一下教學目標:

一、說教材(一)、教材內(nèi)容《古代中國的發(fā)明和發(fā)現(xiàn)》是人教版高中歷史必修三第三單元第一課內(nèi)容,本課教材主要從五個方面的典型事例向?qū)W生介紹了古代中國幾千年的科技成就。本課一方面展示了古代中國人民的勤勞智慧以及對世界文明發(fā)展作出的巨大貢獻,另一方面也提出了一個重大問題引起學生的思考,即造成中國科技在近代落后的原因是什么。此外、本課在教材中具有承上啟下的地位和作用,前承中國傳統(tǒng)文化主流思想,后啟現(xiàn)代中國科學技術(shù)的發(fā)展。根據(jù)課標要求和教材內(nèi)容,我將本課的三維目標確定如下:(三)教學目標(1)知識與能力:掌握中國古代科技進步的基礎知識,特別是四大發(fā)明。認識古代中國四大發(fā)明對世界文明發(fā)展的貢獻,以及取得重大成就的原因。⑵過程與方法:通過指導學生課前閱讀課本,在課堂上進行問題探究、實驗體驗以及歷史比較,學會總結(jié)歸納。

板書:多民族文化對中華文化的意義師:中華民族是多民族的共同體,中華文化呈現(xiàn)多種民族文化的豐富色彩。中華各民族的文化,既有中華文化的共性,又有各自的民族特性。它們都是中華文化的瑰寶,都是中華民族的驕傲。各兄弟民族文化相互交融、相互促進,共同創(chuàng)造了中華文化。各族人民對共同擁有的中華文化的認同感和歸屬感,顯示了中華民族厚重的文化底蘊和強大的民族凝聚力。問題探究8溫家寶總理在美國會見華僑時滿懷深情地說,中國已解決了香港問題和澳門問題,洗刷了百年恥辱,現(xiàn)在剩下一個臺灣問題,“這一灣淺淺的海峽是我們最大的鄉(xiāng)愁、最大的國殤”。用有關(guān)知識分析:為什么“這一灣淺淺的海峽是我們最大的鄉(xiāng)愁、最大的國殤”?生1:臺灣是中國的一部分,臺灣各族人民是中華民族的一部分,臺灣文化歸屬于中華文化。生2:傳統(tǒng)的民族文化是維系民族生存和發(fā)展的精神紐帶。

環(huán)節(jié)三:多媒體繼續(xù)展示石窟藝術(shù)、民族文學等,學生在感受少數(shù)民族文化成就的過程中不難得出結(jié)論:各民族文化都為中華文化作出了重要貢獻,都是中華民族的驕傲。由此進入第三目“中華之瑰寶,民族之驕傲”。各族人民對中華文化的認同感和歸屬感,顯示了中華民族厚重的文化底蘊和強大的民族凝聚力。環(huán)節(jié)四:合作探究中華文化博大精深的原因。學生調(diào)動已有歷史知識儲備和課前搜集的材料分組交流:歷史上在思想文化方面,對諸家學說所采取的兼收并蓄的學術(shù)主張;中國文化長期吸收周邊少數(shù)民族的哪些優(yōu)秀文明;在對待外域文化上,中華民族是否敞開博大胸懷揚棄吸收。2、從現(xiàn)代找出能充分體現(xiàn)中華民族的文化開放心態(tài)和中華文化非凡融合力的例子。這樣可增添幾分時代氣息,更好地服務于當下實踐。

(4)自強不息 (引導學生簡要了解介紹 “大禹治水”“ 愚公移山”“ 夸父追日”“ 富貴不能淫”等典故名言,注重從優(yōu)秀傳統(tǒng)文化和中華民族精神之間的關(guān)系角度總結(jié)。)三、永遠高揚的愛國主義旗幟這一目講述中華民族精神的核心,新時期愛國主義的主題?!咎骄咳浚?、團結(jié)統(tǒng)一、愛好和平、勤勞勇敢、自強不息共同體現(xiàn)著一個什么主題?2、你知道哪些我國抒發(fā)愛國情懷的詩詞格言警句?哪些歷史故事或者你身邊的事例體現(xiàn)出了愛國主義的精神追求?你認為新時期我國愛國主義主要體現(xiàn)在哪些方面?學生四人一個小組討論,選派代表發(fā)言【師生總結(jié)】:1、愛國主義是中華民族精神的核心,是中華民族的精神支柱。2、新時期愛國主義的主題:愛國主義是具體的,不同時期有不同的內(nèi)涵,新時期愛國與愛社會主義本質(zhì)上是一致的,發(fā)展中國特色社會主義,擁護祖國統(tǒng)一是新時期愛國主義的主題。

2、系統(tǒng)的基本特征系統(tǒng)觀念為人們把握復雜事物提供了一系列科學方法和原則。第一,整體性原則。第二,有序性原則。第三,優(yōu)化原則。學生的興趣被激發(fā),可以再調(diào)起高潮,讓學生聽一首歌曲,三個和尚挑水,讓學生從愉快的歌聲中,明白一個道理:“三個和尚沒水喝”,導致這一結(jié)果的根本原因就在于人數(shù)雖然多了,但沒有形成合理的結(jié)構(gòu),不是相互支持,相互促進,而是相互制肘、相互消磨,結(jié)果各要素的力量或作用被內(nèi)耗了,出現(xiàn)了1+1<2的效應。所以,就要求我們一定要做到:3、掌握系統(tǒng)優(yōu)化的方法的要求(1)著眼于事物的整體性;遵循系統(tǒng)內(nèi)部結(jié)構(gòu)的有序性;注重系統(tǒng)內(nèi)部結(jié)構(gòu)的優(yōu)化趨向。(2)用綜合的思維方式來認識事物鞏固練習:以鞏固知識為基礎,培養(yǎng)能力為目標。

3.要與時俱進,培養(yǎng)創(chuàng)新精神,促成新事物的成長(板書)(1)以智引入,知識遷移:考考你:有十個人,要求他們站成五排,每排四人。應該怎樣站?(2)以議誘思:研究一個課題:去和尚廟推銷梳子(3)以境誘思:毛澤東思想――鄧小平理論――三個代表重要思想。理論創(chuàng)新。我的中國心計算機、手機、DVD、數(shù)碼相機等電子產(chǎn)品,沒有一顆中國芯。??萍紕?chuàng)新。小結(jié),用發(fā)展的觀點看問題,必須把三者結(jié)合起來。兩個推銷員??讨矍髣?。反面說明用發(fā)展的觀點看問題。(三)課堂總結(jié)教師:同學們,我們今天主要講了以下幾個問題:第一,要把事物如實地看成一個變化發(fā)展的過程;第二,要弄清事物在其發(fā)展過程中所處的階段和地位;第三,要有創(chuàng)新精神,促進新事物的成長??偠灾?,世界上萬事萬物都是變化發(fā)展的,不能用一成不變的眼光看待人和事,我們要正確的想問題、辦事情,必須堅持用發(fā)展的眼光看問題。

蘇格拉底把裝有毒酒的杯子舉到胸口,平靜地說:“分手的時候到了,我將死,你們活下來,是誰的選擇好,只有天知道?!闭f畢,一口喝干了毒酒。(2) 蘇格拉底臨死前對一個叫克力同的人說了這樣一番話。克力同,我告訴你,這幾天一直有一個神的聲音在我心中曉喻我,他說:“蘇格拉底,還是聽我們的建議吧,我們是你的衛(wèi)士。不要考慮你的子女、生命或其他東西勝過考慮什么是公正。……事實上你就要離開這里了。當你去死的時候,你是個犧牲品,但不是我們所犯錯誤的犧牲品,而是你同胞所犯錯誤的犧牲品。但你若用這種可恥的方法逃避,以錯還錯,以惡報惡,踐踏你自己和我們訂立的協(xié)議合約,那么你傷害了你最不應該傷害的,包括你自己、你的朋友、你的國家,還有我們。到那時,你活著面對我們的憤怒,你死后我們的兄弟、冥府里的法律也不會熱情歡迎你;因為它們知道你試圖盡力摧毀我們。別接受克力同的建議,聽我們的勸告吧?!?/p>

(4)“不論m取何實數(shù),方程x2+2x-m=0都有實數(shù)根”是全稱量詞命題,其否定為“存在實數(shù)m0,使得方程x2+2x-m0=0沒有實數(shù)根”,它是真命題.解題技巧:(含有一個量詞的命題的否定方法)(1)一般地,寫含有一個量詞的命題的否定,首先要明確這個命題是全稱量詞命題還是存在量詞命題,并找到其量詞的位置及相應結(jié)論,然后把命題中的全稱量詞改成存在量詞,存在量詞改成全稱量詞,同時否定結(jié)論.(2)對于省略量詞的命題,應先挖掘命題中隱含的量詞,改寫成含量詞的完整形式,再依據(jù)規(guī)則來寫出命題的否定.跟蹤訓練三3.寫出下列命題的否定,并判斷其真假:(1)p:?x∈R,x2-x+ ≥0;(2)q:所有的正方形都是矩形;(3)r:?x∈R,x2+3x+7≤0;(4)s:至少有一個實數(shù)x,使x3+1=0.【答案】見解析【解析】(1) p:?x∈R,x2-x+1/4<0.∵?x∈R,x2-x+1/4=(x"-" 1/2)^2≥0恒成立,∴ p是假命題.

新知探究我們知道,等差數(shù)列的特征是“從第2項起,每一項與它的前一項的差都等于同一個常數(shù)” 。類比等差數(shù)列的研究思路和方法,從運算的角度出發(fā),你覺得還有怎樣的數(shù)列是值得研究的?1.兩河流域發(fā)掘的古巴比倫時期的泥版上記錄了下面的數(shù)列:9,9^2,9^3,…,9^10; ①100,100^2,100^3,…,100^10; ②5,5^2,5^3,…,5^10. ③2.《莊子·天下》中提到:“一尺之錘,日取其半,萬世不竭.”如果把“一尺之錘”的長度看成單位“1”,那么從第1天開始,每天得到的“錘”的長度依次是1/2,1/4,1/8,1/16,1/32,… ④3.在營養(yǎng)和生存空間沒有限制的情況下,某種細菌每20 min 就通過分裂繁殖一代,那么一個這種細菌從第1次分裂開始,各次分裂產(chǎn)生的后代個數(shù)依次是2,4,8,16,32,64,… ⑤4.某人存入銀行a元,存期為5年,年利率為 r ,那么按照復利,他5年內(nèi)每年末得到的本利和分別是a(1+r),a〖(1+r)〗^2,a〖(1+r)〗^3,a〖(1+r)〗^4,a〖(1+r)〗^5 ⑥
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