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人教版高中語文必修1《奧斯維辛沒有什么新聞》教案2篇
3．作者為什么不直接描寫人們看見東西呢？請同學們找出其中的細節(jié)描寫，并說明有什么表達效果。答：側(cè)面烘托，正是作者高明之處，這也是許多佳作常用之法。細節(jié)描寫往往會成為事情的切入點和突破口，一篇佳作往往離不開一些細節(jié)描寫，本文也不例外，有些細節(jié)描寫耐人尋味，如：“德國人撤退時炸毀的布熱金卡毒氣室和焚尸爐廢墟上，雛菊花在怒放?！薄斑@是一個二十多歲的姑娘，長得豐滿，可愛，皮膚細白，金發(fā)碧眼。她在溫和地微笑著，似乎是為著一個美好而又隱秘的夢想而微笑?！?.句子賞析：“對另外一些人來說，這樣一個事實使他們終生難忘：在德國人撤退時炸毀的布熱金卡毒氣室和焚尸爐廢墟上，雛菊花在怒放。”明確：一邊是戕害生命的毒氣室和焚尸爐，一邊是生機勃勃的生命，兩種反差極大的事物擺在一起。表達了作者對納粹的諷刺：納粹的殘暴終歸阻止不了生命的進程。同時也表達了作者的控訴：生命的綻放是人世間最美好的事情，對生命的戕害是最惡劣的罪行。
人教版高中政治必修1按勞分配為主體、多種分配方式并存教案
（3）確立按生產(chǎn)要素分配的意義確立按生產(chǎn)要素分配的原則，是對市場經(jīng)濟條件下各種生產(chǎn)要素所有權(quán)存在的合理性、合法性的確認，體現(xiàn)了國家對公民權(quán)利的尊重，對勞動、知識、人才、創(chuàng)造的尊重。有利于讓一切生產(chǎn)要素的活力競相迸發(fā)，讓一切創(chuàng)造社會財富的源泉充分涌流，以造福人民。（三）課堂總結(jié)、點評 通過這節(jié)課的學習，我們懂得了在我國社會主義初級階段，實行以按勞分配為主體、多種分配方式并存的制度，把按勞分配和按生產(chǎn)要素分配結(jié)合起來具有客觀必然性，也有重要的意義。★課余作業(yè) 組織學生撰寫社會調(diào)查報告，要求學生調(diào)查自己家里的收入情況，分清哪些收入是按勞分配所得，哪些是非按勞分配收入，并進一步分析現(xiàn)在的收入形式與以前相比有哪些變化，這種變化給家庭的生活帶來哪些影響？★教學體會本節(jié)內(nèi)容是與學生生活實際密切聯(lián)系的內(nèi)容，在學習中應(yīng)該多引入日常生產(chǎn)、生活中常見的一些實例，讓學生去深刻理解這些知識，并能夠從自己的實踐中理解、把握我國分配政策的合理性。
人教版高中歷史必修1古代希臘民主政治教案
二．運用思考題目，激發(fā)學生對本課問題的探究，檢查學生在學習過程中，結(jié)合所學的知識，對問題的思考、質(zhì)疑；從而學會查閱、搜集資料，分析、整理；通過討論、交流，得出新的認識。學生可根據(jù)自己的實際情況和個人愛好，可選擇不同的作業(yè)呈現(xiàn)方式，包括作業(yè)的問題的選擇、繳交的方式（制作、小論文、課件）等等，從而體現(xiàn)學生對古代希臘雅典民主政治產(chǎn)生的條件、雅典民主政治的內(nèi)容及其意義的認識的程度。1．“東西方不同政治制度選擇的因素分析”（課前）2．古代雅典民主政治制度對人類文明的影響。（課后）七．反思與總結(jié)本課的設(shè)計在實施過程中,總體效果比較好，對課標的要求基本達至。尤其是通過東西方不同政治制度選擇的對比，不但復(fù)習了舊的知識，而且加深了對新知識的掌握，從而有更深入的認識。學生在這個問題的學習過程中，通過課前自身的活動（搜集、查閱資料），逐步培養(yǎng)歷史的學習的方法；在課堂上，同學們通過討論的過程，互相交流、分享心得體會；逐步提高自己的思維能力。
人教版高中歷史必修1民主政治建設(shè)的曲折發(fā)展教案2篇
3.法律制度走向健全關(guān)于法律制度走向健全的歷史條件，可指導(dǎo)學生閱讀教材相關(guān)段落，教師適當補充說明，得出結(jié)論：提出法制建設(shè)方針并著手平反冤假錯案，這是恢復(fù)和加強民主法制建設(shè)的重要舉措。為全面開展法制建設(shè)準備了政治基礎(chǔ)。關(guān)于法制建設(shè)方針的提出，可由教師補充材料，使學生理解加強法制建設(shè)的必要性，如：鄧小平會見意大利記者奧琳埃娜?法拉奇（1980年8月）“奧：我看不出怎樣才能避免或防止再發(fā)生諸如“文化大革命”這樣可怕的事情?！薄班嚕哼@要從制度方面解決問題。我們過去的一些制度，實際上受了封建主義的影響，包括個人迷信、家長制或家長作風，甚至包括干部職務(wù)終身制。我們現(xiàn)在正在研究避免重復(fù)這種現(xiàn)象，準備從改革制度著手。我們這個國家有幾千年封建社會的歷史，缺乏社會主義的民主和社會主義的法制?，F(xiàn)在我們要認真建立社會主義的民主制度和社會主義法制。只有這樣，才能解決問題。”
人教版高中歷史必修1夏、商、西周的政治制度教案3篇
【大宗與小宗的關(guān)系：君臣關(guān)系、兄弟關(guān)系】4、影響：宗法制保證了貴族在政治上的壟斷和特權(quán)地位，也有利于統(tǒng)治集團內(nèi)部的穩(wěn)定和團結(jié)?！竞献魈骄俊糠址庵婆c宗法制的關(guān)系兩者互為表里、相輔相成：從根本上說，分封制就是宗法制作用于國家地方政治制度的重要舉措和體現(xiàn)。宗法制是分封制的內(nèi)核和紐帶，維護貴族統(tǒng)治集團內(nèi)部的穩(wěn)定與團結(jié)。宗法制與分封制結(jié)合緊密，宗法制是西周政治制度的基礎(chǔ)，分封制基于宗法制而產(chǎn)生，與宗法制互為表里。小結(jié)：我國早期政治制度（夏商周）發(fā)展脈絡(luò)：起源于夏——初步建立于夏商——完善于西周——瓦解于西周末年到春秋——崩潰于戰(zhàn)國★問題解答⊙【學思之窗】從這段記載，你能看出商朝的相權(quán)有多大嗎？答案提示：相是商朝中央最高官吏，相權(quán)很大，包括參定政制、主持政務(wù)、輔佐商王等，甚至有時可廢立商王。
人教版高中政治必修1儲蓄存款和商業(yè)銀行教案
第三、結(jié)算業(yè)務(wù)結(jié)算業(yè)務(wù)時商業(yè)銀行為社會經(jīng)濟活動中的貨幣收支提供手段與工具的服務(wù)。銀行從中收取一定的服務(wù)費用。除上述三大業(yè)務(wù)外，商業(yè)銀行還可以提供債券買賣與兌付、代理買賣外匯、代理保險、提供保管箱等其他服務(wù)。教師活動：商業(yè)銀行在我國經(jīng)濟建設(shè)中具有巨大作用。請同學們看教材52頁專家點評。學生活動：閱讀課本，認真總結(jié)，得出結(jié)論（三）課堂總結(jié)、點評 這節(jié)課我們重點學習了儲蓄存款和商業(yè)銀行的有關(guān)知識，知道了儲蓄存款活動程序、主要機構(gòu)、特點和利息的計算等常識，了解了各種商業(yè)銀行主要業(yè)務(wù)及其作用。這對于我們在日常生活中正確地辦理金融儲蓄業(yè)務(wù)將有重大指導(dǎo)作用?！镎n余作業(yè) 組織學生到附近銀行、企業(yè)、居民中，咨詢銀行信貸活動的程序及原則要求，并親自到商業(yè)銀行辦理一次存款和取款活動。
人教版高中政治必修1效率優(yōu)先、兼顧公平教案
教師活動：引導(dǎo)學生閱讀教材67頁，回答：什么是效率優(yōu)先，兼顧公平？如何貫徹此原則？學生活動：閱讀課本，認真總結(jié)，發(fā)表見解教師點評：效率優(yōu)先，實質(zhì)是發(fā)展生產(chǎn)力優(yōu)先，分配制度和分配政策要以促進生產(chǎn)力的發(fā)展和經(jīng)濟效益的提高為首要目標；兼顧公平，是指社會要將收入差距控制在合理的范圍內(nèi)，使分配的結(jié)果能促使人們奮進，社會具有生機喝活力。堅持效率優(yōu)先、兼顧公平，首先，要允許和鼓勵一部分地區(qū)和個人通過誠實勞動和合法經(jīng)營先富起來，先富帶后富，最終達到共同富裕。其次，既要反對平均主義，又要防止收入差距懸殊；既要落實分配政策，又要提倡奉獻精神。再次，必須正確處理初次分配注重效率與再分配注重公平的關(guān)系。初次分配注重效率有利于充分調(diào)動人們的積極性。在再分配中，要加強政府對收入分配的調(diào)節(jié)，調(diào)節(jié)過高收入，取締非法收入，提高低收入者的收入水平，通過完善社會保障制度等，把收入差距控制在一定范圍之內(nèi)。
人教版高中政治必修1我國的基本經(jīng)濟制度教案
（3）外資經(jīng)濟 教師活動：外資經(jīng)濟是指外國投資者和港澳臺投資者根據(jù)我國法律法規(guī)，在我國大陸設(shè)立的獨資企業(yè)以及中外合資企業(yè)、中外合作企業(yè)中的外商投資部分。他有利于引進外資和先進技術(shù)，學習境外先進管理經(jīng)驗，有利于擴大就業(yè)、擴大出口，增加財政收入。 提醒學生注意中外合資企業(yè)、中外合作企業(yè)中的外商投資部分，不是指中外合資企業(yè)、中外合作企業(yè)全部資產(chǎn)。并簡略介紹中外合資企業(yè)與中外合作企業(yè)的區(qū)別。（4）非公有制經(jīng)濟的地位 是社會主義市場經(jīng)濟的重要組成部分。教師點撥：請同學們注意比較，非公有制經(jīng)濟的地位與前面集體經(jīng)濟的地位有什么不同？學生活動：積極思考，回答問題教師點撥：集體經(jīng)濟的地位，是社會主義公有制經(jīng)濟的重要組成部分。社會主義公有制經(jīng)濟與社會主義市場經(jīng)濟這兩個說法是不同的。（簡單了解即可）4、為什么堅持以公有制為主體，多種所有制經(jīng)濟共同發(fā)展
新人教版高中英語必修3Unit 1 Festivals and celebrations-Discovering Useful Structure教學設(shè)計
4.That was an experience that frightened everyone. →That was _____________________. 答案：1. taking 2. being discussed 3. in the reading room 4. a frightening experienceStep 6 The meaning and function of V-ing as the predicative動詞-ing形式作表語，它通常位于系動詞后面，用以說明主語“是什么”或“怎么樣”一種表示主語的特質(zhì)、特征和狀態(tài), 其作用相當于形容詞; 另一種具體說明主語的內(nèi)容, 即主語等同于表語, 兩者可互換。The music they are playing sounds so exciting. 他們演奏的音樂聽起來令人激動。The result is disappointing. 結(jié)果令人失望。Our job is playing all kinds of music. 我們的工作就是演奏各種音樂。Seeing is believing. 眼見為實。Step 7 Practice1. It is ________(amaze) that the boy is able to solve the problem so quickly.2. Buying a car is simply _______(waste) money. 3. Please stop making the noise—it’s getting ________(annoy). 4. complete the passage with the appropriate -ing form.La Tomatina is a festival that takes place in the Spanish town Bunol every August. I think many food festivals are __________ because people are just eating. however, this festival is _________ because people don't actually eat the tomatoes. Instead, they throw them at each other! the number of people ________ part in this tomato fight, can reach up to 20,000, and it is a very __________ fight that lasts for a whole hour. The _______ thing is how clean Bunol is after the tomatoes are washed away after the fight. this is because the juice form tomatoes is really good for making surfaces clean!答案：1. amazing 2. wasting 3. annoying4. boring interesting taking exciting amazing
新人教版高中英語必修3Unit 1 Festivals and Celebrations-Reading and Thinking教學設(shè)計
The topic of this part is “Discover the reasons for festivals and celebrations.The Listening & Speaking & Talking part aims at talking about the experiences and feelings or emotions about the festivals and celebrations. This section aims at detecting the reason why the people celebrate the festivals, the time, the places, the types and the way of celebrations. It also explains why some traditions in the old celebrations are disappearing, like the firecrackers in the big cities and some new things are appearing like the prosperity of business or commerce. 1. Students can talk about what festivals they know and the reasons and the way of celebrating them.2. Students should learn the reading skills such as the headline and get the topic sentences, the structures of articles.3. Students can understand the past, the present situation of some festival around the world and why there are some changes about them. 4. Students can have the international awareness about the festivals.1. Students should learn the reading skills such as the headline and get the topic sentences, the structures of articles.2. Students can understand the past, the present situation of some festival around the world and why there are some changes about them.Step 1 Lead in---Small talkWhat festival do you like best ? Why ?I like the Spring Festivals because I can set off the fireworks, receive the lucky money and enjoy the Gala with my families.Step 2 Before reading---Pair workWhy do people celebrate different festivals ?The Spring Festivals is to celebrate the end of winter and the coming of spring and new life.The Mid-autumn Day is to celebrate the harvest and admire the moon.
新人教版高中英語必修3Unit 1 Festivals and Celebrations-Reading for Writing教學設(shè)計一
The topic of this part is “Write about your festival experience”.During the Listening and Speaking and Talking, students are just asked to say out their festival experiences such as the Spring Festival, Mid-autumn Day, but this part students will be asked to write down their own festival experiences. During the reading part, it introduces the Naadam Festival in Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, which can give students a good example to imitate. Students not only learn the festival, but touch and feel the Inner Mongolian’s character, the spirit and cultural atmosphere, which can help students form the cultural awareness and learn to enjoy and value the diversity of Chinese culture.Concretely, the dairy tells the experience that the author spent the Naadam Festival in Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region with his/her friend. The structure is clear. In the opening paragraph, it introduces the topic of the Naadam Festival and the whole feeling. Then it introduces the items of the festival like the ceremony, wrestling and horse racing. Finally, it summarizes this experience. Because this part is a travel journal, we must guide students pay more attention to these details: 1. use the first person. 2. use the past tense to tell the past thing and use the present or future tense to describe the scenery. 3. use the timeline to tell the development. 4. be careful for the author’s psychology, emotion and feeling, etc.1. Read quickly to get main idea; read carefully to get the detailed information about Naadam Festival.2. Learn the structure of the reading article and language.3. Write an article about a festival experience4. Learn to use the psychology, emotions and feeling in the writing.1. Write an article about a festival experience.2. Use the structure of the reading article and language.
人教版高中政治必修4在實踐中追求和發(fā)展真理精品教案
一、教材分析人教實驗版高中思想政治必修4第二單元第六課的第二框題。本框題所在單元的核心問題是如何看待我們周圍的世界，該問題也是《生活與哲學》整本書的核心問題之一。而對這一問題的解決，單元中最終是由“在實踐中追求和發(fā)展真理”來實現(xiàn)的。 本框題是所在單元的歸宿，是對物質(zhì)與意識、實踐與認識關(guān)系的整體呈現(xiàn)與深華，是如何正確看到我們周圍世界問題在世界觀上的升華，是單元的最基本的知識目標之一。 二、教學目標（一）知識目標：識記真理的含義；理解真理最基本屬性是客觀性、真理是有條件的、具體的，認識具有反復(fù)性、無限性，在實踐中認識、發(fā)現(xiàn)、檢驗、發(fā)展真理；分析“追求 真理是一個過程”。（二）能力目標：提高比較分析的能力和明辨是非的能力，培養(yǎng)學生具體問題具體分析的能力及用發(fā)展觀點看問題的能力。（三）情感、態(tài)度與價值觀目標：學會在現(xiàn)實生活中正確區(qū)分真理和謬誤，正確對待人生道路上面臨的挫折和困難，樹立在實踐中不斷認識、豐富、發(fā)展真理的思想。
人教版高中語文必修3《一名物理學家的教育歷程》教案
①闡發(fā)話題式:就是用簡練的語言對所給話題材料加以概括和濃縮，并找到一個最佳切入點加以深層次闡述。吉林一考生的滿分作文《漫談“感情”“認知”》的題記是：“同是對‘修墻’‘防盜’的預(yù)見，卻產(chǎn)生‘聰明’或‘被懷疑’的結(jié)果。‘感情’竟能如此地左右著‘認知’，心的小舟啊，在文化的河流中求索?！边@個題記通過對材料的簡單解釋，將“感情”與“認知”二者的關(guān)系詮釋得非常明白，也點明了作者的態(tài)度和議論的中心。②詮釋題目式:所擬題目一般都具有深刻性特點，運用題記形式對題目進行巧妙而又全面的詮釋。云南一考生的滿分作文《與你同行》的題記是：“他們一路同行，一個汲著水，一個負著火，形影相隨。在他們攜手共進時，就產(chǎn)生了智慧?！边@個題記形象而深刻地對“與你同行”這個題目進行了解釋，言簡意賅，表明了考生對感情和理智關(guān)系的認識。
人教版高中歷史必修2二戰(zhàn)后蘇聯(lián)的經(jīng)濟改革教案
⑤強調(diào)對外關(guān)系的靈活性。戈爾巴喬夫指出在對外政策中要采取多種辦法選擇不同的策略路線達到既定目標。在外交談判中不要為自己制造死胡同，也不要給對方制造死胡同，要善于迎合伙伴，尋求接觸點。在這種思想指導(dǎo)下，蘇共采取的對外戰(zhàn)略是以軍控為中心的緩和戰(zhàn)略，具體政策是繼續(xù)與美國就裁軍、消減核武器、限制地區(qū)沖突等問題進行談判，緩解蘇美關(guān)系；對西歐爭取建立“全歐大廈”；對東歐實行糾偏、不干涉政策；對中國改善關(guān)系，實現(xiàn)關(guān)系正常化；調(diào)整與第三世界國家關(guān)系，解決阿富汗、柬埔寨等問題。 3、影響：①經(jīng)濟改革措施倉促上馬，缺少宏觀決策和相應(yīng)的配套措施；加上戈爾巴喬夫沒有放棄蘇聯(lián)的傳統(tǒng)做法，繼續(xù)優(yōu)先發(fā)展重工業(yè)，致使改革未達到預(yù)期的效果，蘇聯(lián)經(jīng)濟持續(xù)下滑②經(jīng)濟體制改革受挫后，把改革的重點轉(zhuǎn)向政治領(lǐng)域，最終導(dǎo)致國內(nèi)局勢的失控和蘇聯(lián)的解體。
新人教版高中英語必修3Unit 4 Space Exploration-Listening&Speaking＆Talking教學設(shè)計二
The themes of this part are “Talk about how to become an astronaut” and “Talk about life in space”. As Neil Armstrong said “Mystery creates wonder and wonder is the basis of man’s desire to understand. Space is difficult for human to reach, therefore, humans are full of wonders about it. However, if wanting to achieve the dream of reaching the Moon, some of our human should work hard to be an astronaut at first. Part A(Talk about how to become an astronaut) is a radio interview in a radio studio, where the host asked the Chinese astronauts about his story how to become an astronaut. Yang Liwei told his dreamed to be an astronaut since childhood. Then he worked hard to get into college at 22. The next 10 years, he gradually became an experienced pilot. At the same time, to be an astronaut, he had to study hard English, science and astronomy and trained hard to keep in good physical and mental health and to practise using space equipment. Part B (Talk about life in space) is also an interview with the astronaut Brown, who is back on the earth. The host Max asked about his space life, such as his emotion about going back the earth, the eating, shower, brushing, hobbies and his work. Part A and Part B are interviews. So expressing curiosity about the guests’ past life is a communicative skill, which students should be guided to learn.1. Students can get detailed information about how Yang Liwei became an astronaut and Max’s space life.2. Students learn to proper listening strategy to get detailed information---listening for numbers and taking notes.3. Students can learn related sentences or phrases to express their curiosity like “ I wish to know...” “I’d love to know...”4. Students can learn more about the space and astronauts, even be interested in working hard to be an astronaut
新人教版高中英語必修3Unit 4 Space Exploration-Reading for Writing教學設(shè)計二
⑦在我看來, 探索太空是值得的。As far as I am concerned, it is worthwhile to explore the space.Step 10 Writing---draftRecently, students in our class have had heated a discussion on whether space is worth exploring. Students hold different ideas about it.30% of us think space exploration is not worthwhile. They think space is too far away from us and our daily life and is a waste of money. And the money spent on space exploration can be used to solve the earth’s problems such as starvation and pollution.On the other hand，70% think space is worth exploring because we have benefited a lot from it，such as using satellites for communication and weather forecast. What’s more，with further space research，we may solve the population problem by moving to other planets one day. Also，space research will enable us to find new sources to solve the problem of energy shortages on the earth.As far as I am concerned, it is worthwhile to explore the space. Not only can it promote the development of society but also enrich our life. Step 11 Pair workExchange drafts with a partner. Use this checklist to help your partner revise his/her draft.1.Does the writer explain why he/she changed/wanted to change?2.Does the writer tell how the changes have improved or will improve his/her life?3.Is the text well－organised?4.Does the writer use words and expressions to show similarities and differences?5.Are there any grammar or spelling errors?6.Does the writer use correct punctuation？
新人教版高中英語必修3Unit 5 The value of money-Reading and Thinking教學設(shè)計二
? Could you offer me some kind of work here?? I don’t want your charity, I just want an honest job.? Careless: I landed in Britain by accident.Step 7:Consolidation.? Find Henry? Roderick and Oliver were I .making a bet when they saw Henry, a poor young man. ? Know Henry? About a month ago, Henry was sailing and later he found himself carried out to sea by a strong wind. Fortunately, he 2.was spotted by a ship. And it was the ship that brought him to 3.England? Offer money to Henry ? Oliver and Roderick gave Henry a letter and told him that there was money in it. They 4.persuaded him to accept it, and made him 5.promise that it wouldn't be opened until 2 o'clock.Step 8：Language pointsa large amount of: a large quantity of; a great deal ofe.g. They bought a large amount of furniture before they moved their new house.make a bet: make an arrangement to risk money, etc. on an event of which the result is doubtful.e.g. We made a bet on the result of the match.permit sb to do something: allow somebody to do somethinge.g. My mother doesn’t permit me to ride in the street after it rained.by accident: as a result of chancee.g. I only found it by accident.stare at: look at somebody or something with the eyes wide open in a fixed gaze( in astonishment, wonder, fear, etc)to be honest: to tell you the truth; to be franke.g. To be honest, I don’t think we have a chance of winning.Step7 Homework:What do you think will happen to Henry? Will the bank-note help him or get him into trouble?
新人教版高中英語必修3Unit 5 The Value of Money-Reading for Writing教學設(shè)計二
2. 您能看到, 我頭發(fā)太長了。You can see that my hair is much too long.3. 無論什么時候, 只要您想回來就回來。Please come back whenever you want.4. 您僅有很少的頭發(fā)要理! You only have too little hair to cut !5. 為您服務(wù)是我的榮幸！It is my honour to serve you!Step 9 Writing(Henry is walking down the street when he sees a sign for a place that cuts hair. He decides to have it cut. )H=Henry B=BarberH: Good afternoon, I’d like to have my hair cut, if I may. (The barber looks at Henry’s hair and continues cutting another man’s hair. ) Er, I’d really like a haircut. As you can see it’s much too long. B: (in a rude manner) Yes, I can see that. Indeed, I can. H: Fine, well, I’ll have a seat then. (He sits in one of the barber’s chairs. The barber turns to look at Henry. )B: It’s quite expensive here, you know! Are you sure you can afford it?H: Yes. I think so. (After his hair is cut, the barber tells Henry how much he must pay. Henry shows the barber the bank note. )B: Why Mr. . . (looks shocked)H: Adams. Henry Adams. I’m sorry. I don’t have any change. B: Please don’t worry! (wearing a big smile) Nothing to worry about! Nothing at all! Please come back whenever you want, even if you only have too little hair to cut! It will be my honour to serve you!Step 10 Pair workExchange drafts with a partner. Use this checklist to help your partner revise his/her draft.1. Are all the elements of a play included and in good order ?2. Do the character use suitable language ?3. Are the stage directions clear and useful ?4. Is the plot clear and exciting enough ?
人教版高中數(shù)學選擇性必修二導(dǎo)數(shù)的概念及其幾何意義教學設(shè)計
新知探究前面我們研究了兩類變化率問題：一類是物理學中的問題，涉及平均速度和瞬時速度；另一類是幾何學中的問題，涉及割線斜率和切線斜率。這兩類問題來自不同的學科領(lǐng)域，但在解決問題時，都采用了由“平均變化率”逼近“瞬時變化率”的思想方法；問題的答案也是一樣的表示形式。下面我們用上述思想方法研究更一般的問題。探究1： 對于函數(shù)y=f(x) ，設(shè)自變量x從x_0變化到x_0+ ?x ，相應(yīng)地，函數(shù)值y就從f(x_0)變化到f(〖x+x〗_0) 。這時， x的變化量為?x，y的變化量為?y=f(x_0+?x)-f(x_0)我們把比值?y/?x，即?y/?x=(f(x_0+?x)-f(x_0)" " )/?x叫做函數(shù)從x_0到x_0+?x的平均變化率。1．導(dǎo)數(shù)的概念如果當Δx→0時，平均變化率ΔyΔx無限趨近于一個確定的值，即ΔyΔx有極限，則稱y＝f (x)在x＝x0處____，并把這個________叫做y＝f (x)在x＝x0處的導(dǎo)數(shù)(也稱為__________)，記作f ′(x0)或________，即
人教版高中數(shù)學選擇性必修二等差數(shù)列的概念（2）教學設(shè)計
二、典例解析例3.某公司購置了一臺價值為220萬元的設(shè)備，隨著設(shè)備在使用過程中老化，其價值會逐年減少.經(jīng)驗表明，每經(jīng)過一年其價值會減少d(d為正常數(shù)）萬元.已知這臺設(shè)備的使用年限為10年，超過10年 ，它的價值將低于購進價值的5%，設(shè)備將報廢.請確定d的范圍.分析：該設(shè)備使用n年后的價值構(gòu)成數(shù)列{an}，由題意可知，an＝an－1－d (n≥2). 即：an－an－1＝－d.所以{an}為公差為－d的等差數(shù)列.10年之內(nèi)（含10年），該設(shè)備的價值不小于（220×5%=）11萬元；10年后，該設(shè)備的價值需小于11萬元．利用{an}的通項公式列不等式求解．解：設(shè)使用n年后，這臺設(shè)備的價值為an萬元，則可得數(shù)列{an}．由已知條件，得an＝an－1－d（n≥2）．所以數(shù)列{an}是一個公差為－d的等差數(shù)列.因為a1＝220－d，所以an＝220－d＋(n－1)(－d)＝220－nd. 由題意，得a10≥11，a11＜11. 即：{█("220－10d≥11" @"220－11d＜11" )┤解得19<d≤20.9所以，d的求值范圍為19<d≤20.9
