
《勻速圓周運(yùn)動(dòng)》為高中物理必修2第五章第4節(jié).它是學(xué)生在充分掌握了曲線運(yùn)動(dòng)的規(guī)律和曲線運(yùn)動(dòng)問題的處理方法后,接觸到的又一個(gè)美麗的曲線運(yùn)動(dòng),本節(jié)內(nèi)容作為該章節(jié)的重要部分,主要要向?qū)W生介紹描述圓周運(yùn)動(dòng)的幾個(gè)基本概念,為后繼的學(xué)習(xí)打下一個(gè)良好的基礎(chǔ)。人教版教材有一個(gè)的特點(diǎn)就是以實(shí)驗(yàn)事實(shí)為基礎(chǔ),讓學(xué)生得出感性認(rèn)識(shí),再通過理論分析總結(jié)出規(guī)律,從而形成理性認(rèn)識(shí)。教科書在列舉了生活中了一些圓周運(yùn)動(dòng)情景后,通過觀察自行車大齒輪、小齒輪、后輪的關(guān)聯(lián)轉(zhuǎn)動(dòng),提出了描述圓周運(yùn)動(dòng)的物體運(yùn)動(dòng)快慢的問題。二、教學(xué)目標(biāo)1.知識(shí)與技能①知道什么是圓周運(yùn)動(dòng)、什么是勻速圓周運(yùn)動(dòng)。理解線速度的概念;理解角速度和周期的概念,會(huì)用它們的公式進(jìn)行計(jì)算。②理解線速度、角速度、周期之間的關(guān)系:v=rω=2πr/T。③理解勻速圓周運(yùn)動(dòng)是變速運(yùn)動(dòng)。④能夠用勻速圓周運(yùn)動(dòng)的有關(guān)公式分析和解決具體情景中的問題。

六、學(xué)習(xí)效果評(píng)價(jià)設(shè)計(jì)1、評(píng)價(jià)方式:我對(duì)學(xué)習(xí)效果的評(píng)價(jià),來(lái)自兩個(gè)方面。一是教師的教授是否認(rèn)真、嚴(yán)肅、科學(xué);二是學(xué)生的學(xué)習(xí)成果如何,是否達(dá)成了事先預(yù)設(shè)的教學(xué)目標(biāo),是否在學(xué)習(xí)過程中有提高的過程。評(píng)價(jià)的方式有:同伴評(píng)價(jià);教師自我評(píng)價(jià)和反思;學(xué)生反饋。2、評(píng)價(jià)量規(guī):我設(shè)置了幾個(gè)問題用于課后的教學(xué)評(píng)價(jià):(1)教學(xué)目標(biāo)是否符合課標(biāo)要求,是否符合三貼近原則,是否體現(xiàn)學(xué)生學(xué)習(xí)效果的生成性和過程性。(2)學(xué)習(xí)所用資源是否來(lái)自生活實(shí)際,是否真實(shí),是否是學(xué)生感興趣的問題。(3)教師在課堂教學(xué)過程中是否能有效的通過提問和資料的展示分析,引導(dǎo)學(xué)生自己生成思考過程,而不是“教師代替學(xué)生的思考”。(4)學(xué)生參與的廣度和態(tài)度,學(xué)生是否提出有意義的觀點(diǎn)和問題。學(xué)生的回答是否是實(shí)話。

教學(xué)目的:通過學(xué)生課前收集資料、課堂展示、小組討論及教師總結(jié)和講解等形式,明確文化競(jìng)爭(zhēng)力在國(guó)際競(jìng)爭(zhēng)中的地位,感受各國(guó)各國(guó)日益激烈的文化競(jìng)爭(zhēng)力,探討如何提升中國(guó)特色社會(huì)主義文化的競(jìng)爭(zhēng)力,培養(yǎng)學(xué)生的分析解決問題的能力,增強(qiáng)責(zé)任意識(shí)、科技意識(shí)和成才意識(shí)。教學(xué)時(shí)間:1小時(shí)課前準(zhǔn)備:(1)學(xué)生分組收集美國(guó)、日本、英國(guó)等國(guó)家文化產(chǎn)業(yè)的發(fā)展?fàn)顩r和中國(guó)文化走向世界的資料,并要求制成簡(jiǎn)單的課件。(2)分組討論課本P23—25的三個(gè)探究問題(①運(yùn)用這些資料,從物質(zhì)和精神兩個(gè)方面,說(shuō)明發(fā)展文化有什么意義。②你還能從社會(huì)生活的哪些現(xiàn)象中感受到一個(gè)國(guó)家的文化競(jìng)爭(zhēng)力?③今天,中國(guó)文化為什么能夠在世界各地贏得尊重與喝彩?),組長(zhǎng)整理好討論結(jié)果。

1.在激烈的國(guó)際競(jìng)爭(zhēng)中,美國(guó)為首“巴統(tǒng)”在對(duì)中國(guó)出口高科技產(chǎn)品的問題上采取了種種限制措施,以避免西方發(fā)達(dá)國(guó)家的高科技技術(shù)和設(shè)備流人中國(guó)。面對(duì)發(fā)達(dá)國(guó)家的技術(shù)封鎖,我們應(yīng)該( )A.加速我國(guó)對(duì)外開放的步伐B.盡快改善與西方發(fā)達(dá)國(guó)家的關(guān)系C.努力提高自身的科技水平,增強(qiáng)本國(guó)的綜合國(guó)力D.立足于自力更生,努力開發(fā)所有的高科技技術(shù),以免受制于人答案:C解析:在當(dāng)今和未來(lái)的世界,經(jīng)濟(jì)是基礎(chǔ),科技是龍頭。因而,發(fā)展經(jīng)濟(jì)和科學(xué)技術(shù)是世界大多數(shù)國(guó)家最關(guān)心的問題。各國(guó)之間的競(jìng)爭(zhēng)越來(lái)越多地轉(zhuǎn)向經(jīng)濟(jì)和科技領(lǐng)域。各國(guó)都已經(jīng)清楚地認(rèn)識(shí)到,能否在科技發(fā)展上取得優(yōu)勢(shì),增強(qiáng)以經(jīng);濟(jì)和科技為基礎(chǔ)的綜合國(guó)力,最終將決定本國(guó)在國(guó)際上的地位。受各種主客觀條件的限制,任何國(guó)家都不可能開發(fā)出自己所需要的所有技術(shù),國(guó)家之間必須加強(qiáng)技術(shù)交流,互通有無(wú),共同發(fā)展。“巴統(tǒng)”對(duì)我國(guó)進(jìn)行技術(shù)出口方面的限制是基于其敵視中國(guó)的戰(zhàn)略需要。為了打破西方國(guó)家的對(duì)我國(guó)的技術(shù)限制,我國(guó)必須從自身出發(fā),提高自身的科技水平。

【教學(xué)目標(biāo)與核心素養(yǎng)】1. Instruct students to get main facts by listening and motivate them to talk about the topics about how to prepare for the trip and make reservations by listening and ultimately can make travel arrangements and reservations. 2. Develop students’ sense of cooperative learning and individual thinking capability. 3. Develop students’ different listening skills to solve different listening comprehensive problems.4. Help students to understand how to use the structures “the present continuous tense (be doing) is used to express future plans.【教學(xué)重難點(diǎn)】1. Teach students how to focus on key words, not on single words or grammar.2. Prompt Ss to talk about the related topics, such as how to prepare for the trip and make a travel plan.【教學(xué)過程】Step 1: Listening and SpeakingLead inThe teacher is advised to talk with their students about the places that they want to travel most both at home and abroad: boys and girls, if you have a chance to travel around the world, where will you go? After their small talk, the teacher can move on by finishing the following listening task:Before travelling, what do we need to prepare for the trip?

1. 表示時(shí)間。Hearing these stories, I’m skeptical about the place. = When I heard these stories. . . 2. 表示原因。Not knowing his address, I can’t send this book to him. = Because/Since/As I don’t know his address. . . 3. 表示結(jié)果。His father died, leaving him a lot of money. =. . . and left him a lot of money4. 表示條件。Going straight down the road, you will find the department store. = If you go straight down the road. . . 5. 表示讓步。Being tired, they went on working. =Although they were tired. . . 6. 表示行為方式、伴隨情況或補(bǔ)充說(shuō)明。He lay on the grass, staring at the sky for a long time. =. . . and stared at the sky for a long time注意:非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞作狀語(yǔ)時(shí), 如所提供的動(dòng)詞不能和句子中的主語(yǔ)保持一致, 動(dòng)詞-ing形式必須有自己的邏輯主語(yǔ), 通常由名詞或代詞來(lái)?yè)?dān)任, 這就是獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)。The last bus having gone, we had to walk home. (having gone的邏輯主語(yǔ)是the last bus, 而不是we)Weather permitting, the football match will be played on Friday. (permitting的邏輯主語(yǔ)是time, 而不是the football match)Step 7 Practice1. ________(study) hard, you are sure to get first prize. 2. People use plastic in their daily life, _______(leave) large amounts of waste. 3. ________(work) hard at your lessons, you are to succeed. 4. The old man, ____________(work) abroad for twenty years, is on the way back to his motherland. 5. ______________(finish) his homework, he was playing on the playground. Answers: 1. Studying 2. leaving 3. Working 4.having worked 5. Having finishedStep 8 HomeworkFinish the homework on Page 22.

Example:One day, a poor boy who was trying to pay his way through school by sending newspapers door to door found that he only had one dime(一角)left. He was so hungry that he decided to beg for a meal at the next house.However, he lost his nerve when a lovely young woman opened the door. Instead of a meal he asked for a drink of water. She thought he looked hungry so she brought him a large glass of milk. He drank it slowly, and then asked, “How much do I owe you?” “You don’t owe me anything,” she replied, “Mother has taught me never to accept pay for a kindness.” “Then I thank you from the bottom of my heart.” With these words, Howard Kelly left that house.Years later the woman became badly ill and was finally sent to the hospital in a big city. Dr. Howard Kelly, now famous, was called in. When he heard the name of the town she came from, a strange light filled his eyes. Dressed in his doctor’s clothes, Dr. Kelly went into her room and recognized her at once. From that day on, he gave special attention to her, and decided to do his best to save her life.At last the woman was saved. Dr. Kelly asked the business office to pass the final bill to him. He looked at it and then wrote something on the side. The bill was sent to the woman’s room. She was afraid to open it because she was sure that it would take the rest of her life to pay for it off. Finally she looked, and the note on the side of the bill caught her attention. She read these words: “Paid in full with a glass of milk, Dr. Howard Kelly.” Tear of joy flooded her eyes.

The topic of this part is “Learn to make choices in life”.The Listening & Speaking & Talking part aims at the moral dilemmas, and this part is about making choices in life. The heroin is Lin Qiaozhi, a famous medical scientist, made a great contribution to our country’s medical care. Most importantly, her life experience can inspire our students whether in studying or the development of career. she had moral dilemmas and life choices, which are similar to the students who will step into society. Besides, Lin has quite good virtues like kindness, self-improvement, insistence, job-loving , generosity and responsibility, which is worth being learned.Concretely, this article is a biography about Lin Qiaozhi. The article tells her whole life according the timeline, among which the life choices is emphasized. For example, whether married or chased her dream, returned home or stayed abroad, family or public, her choices all reflected her faith, spirit, responsibility and devotion.1. Fast reading to get the detailed information about Lin Qiaozhi; careful reading to do the deductive information.2. Learn the reading skills--deductive judgement according the context.3. Study the structure features and language features. 4. Communicate about Lin’s life choices and reflect their own life choices.1. Learn the reading skills--deductive judgement according the context.2. Study the structure features and language features.3. Communicate about Lin’s life choices and reflect their own life choices.Step 1 Lead in---Small talkWhat are some important life choices?Importance choices: university study, jobs and marriage partners. Because they can determine our future.

1. 這個(gè)寓言是一個(gè)關(guān)于一位國(guó)王古寓言。 The fable is an old fable about a king.2.作者用這個(gè)故事讓讀者對(duì)于社區(qū)的問題負(fù)有個(gè)人責(zé)任的必要印象深刻。The author used the story to impress upon readers with the need to take personal responsibility for problems in the community.3. 這個(gè)故事十分成功的實(shí)現(xiàn)了它的目的。The story was quite successful in achieving its purpose.Step 7 WritingPlease write a review of the story according the outline above.The fable is an old fable about a king who thought his people are lazy, so he put a large stone in the middle of the road and hides and waited to see if anyone will try to move it.The author used this story to impress upon readers with the need to take personal responsibility for problems in the community. The story was quite successful in achieving its purpose, and I liked it because it had a clear moral.However, while the moral of the story is clear, the actions of the king seemed pointless to me, because none of the characters in the story learnt anything. For this reason, I think there are better stories that can be used to impress upon people with the need for personal responsibility.Step 8 Pair workExchange drafts with a partner. Use this checklist to help your partner revise his/her draft.1. Does the writer give a short description of the story ?2. Does the description include the most important details of the story ?3. Does the writer give his or her opinion about the character or their actions ?4. Is the review well-organised ? 5. Does the writer use the -ing form as the adverbial correctly in the writing ?6. Are there any grammar, spelling, or punctuation errors ?Step 9 HomeworkPut up your revised draft in the classroom or read it to your class.

材料四:印度提倡“只生一個(gè)好”——鼓勵(lì)三人小家庭 生男生女都一樣材料五:印度尼西亞《人口發(fā)展與幸福家庭法》材料六:我國(guó)基本國(guó)策 計(jì)劃生育(小結(jié))通過對(duì)以上材料的分析我們可以得出這樣的結(jié)論,不同的國(guó)家應(yīng)該采取不同的人口政策,對(duì)與發(fā)達(dá)國(guó)家來(lái)說(shuō)人口增長(zhǎng)緩慢,應(yīng)采取鼓勵(lì)生育,吸引移民的措施;發(fā)展中國(guó)家人口增長(zhǎng)較快,實(shí)行控制人口的政策已經(jīng)迫在眉睫。不論是發(fā)達(dá)國(guó)家還是發(fā)展中國(guó)家共同的目標(biāo)就是實(shí)現(xiàn)環(huán)境人口和社會(huì)經(jīng)濟(jì)的協(xié)調(diào)發(fā)展?!菊n堂小結(jié)】這節(jié)課我們主要學(xué)習(xí)了人口的自然增長(zhǎng),影響人口自然增長(zhǎng)的因素有哪些?(人口的自然增長(zhǎng)率和人口的基數(shù))世界人口的數(shù)量在不同的歷史時(shí)期表現(xiàn)出不同的特征,同一歷史時(shí)期的不同地區(qū),人口數(shù)量的增長(zhǎng)又有不同的特點(diǎn)。面對(duì)不同的人口形勢(shì),各國(guó)應(yīng)采取不同的人口政策。

生:環(huán)境承載力是指環(huán)境能持續(xù)供養(yǎng)的人口數(shù)量。師:對(duì)了。但是有同學(xué)仍然會(huì)感到這是一個(gè)很抽象的概念。下面我們具體來(lái)了解什么是環(huán)境承載力。我們可以從兩個(gè)部分去理解:一、環(huán)境,它主要是指環(huán)境的單個(gè)要素(如:土地、水、氣候、植被等。)及其組合方式。二、是承載力,它指在特定的條件下,具體某事物能承受的某種活動(dòng)的最大值。那環(huán)境承載力的科學(xué)定義是怎樣表達(dá)的呢?生:環(huán)境承載力是指某一時(shí)期,某種狀態(tài)條件下,某地區(qū)環(huán)境所能承受的人類活動(dòng)作用的閾值。師:很對(duì)。 我們可以用一個(gè)生動(dòng)的例子來(lái)說(shuō)明。一只木桶里面的水的多少在底面積固定不變的情況下是由哪塊木板來(lái)決定?生:最短的那塊。師:確實(shí)如此。這就是我們平常所講的 “木桶效應(yīng)”。那影響環(huán)境承載力的大小也是由環(huán)境個(gè)要素里面最緊缺的那個(gè)要素來(lái)決定的。下面我們用一個(gè)例子來(lái)印證一下。

1.促使美國(guó)成為一個(gè)移民國(guó)家的因素是:①美洲屬于未開發(fā)的新大陸,需要大量的勞動(dòng)力;②歐洲失業(yè)工人和破產(chǎn)農(nóng)民增加,人們?yōu)榱俗非蟾玫慕?jīng)濟(jì)待遇遷往美洲;③新航線的開辟為人們順利遷移掃除了障礙;④殖民擴(kuò)張是人口遷移的促進(jìn)因素,加快了人口遷移的過程。導(dǎo)致美國(guó)人口在本土范圍內(nèi)頻繁遷移的原因,歸納起來(lái)有:第一次人口遷移是戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)因素,第二次是城市化;第三次是自然環(huán)境、經(jīng)濟(jì)環(huán)境的變化;第四次是經(jīng)濟(jì)格局的變化,即西部和南部新資源的發(fā)現(xiàn)和新興工業(yè)的發(fā)展。2.我國(guó)古代的人口遷移,深受統(tǒng)治者及其行政力量的束縛。封建帝王為了加強(qiáng)本國(guó)的經(jīng)濟(jì)和軍事實(shí)力,對(duì)人口遷移嚴(yán)加控制。只有當(dāng)戰(zhàn)亂發(fā)生的時(shí)候,這種控制才得到削弱,人們?yōu)榱硕惚軕?zhàn)亂,尋找安定的生活環(huán)境,不得不進(jìn)行大規(guī)模的遷移。我國(guó)近幾十年的人口遷移主要是由生產(chǎn)資料和勞動(dòng)力數(shù)量上的地區(qū)分布不平衡造成的,是經(jīng)濟(jì)因素在起主導(dǎo)作用,與古代的人口遷移截然不同。

1.澳大利亞混合農(nóng)業(yè)地域在生產(chǎn)結(jié)構(gòu)、經(jīng)營(yíng)方式、科技應(yīng)用、農(nóng)業(yè)專業(yè)化和地域化等方面有哪些特點(diǎn)?2.在澳大利亞混合農(nóng)業(yè)地 域形成的過程中,有哪些區(qū)位因素在起作用?學(xué)生發(fā)言,教師適當(dāng)引導(dǎo)、評(píng)點(diǎn)并作講解。[教師提問]:那么,澳大利亞的墨累—達(dá)令盆地的區(qū)位因素有什么不足之處?知識(shí)拓展:課件展示澳大利亞大分水嶺的雨影效應(yīng)的形成原理及東水西調(diào)示意圖。[教師講解]:澳大利亞東南部受大分水嶺的影響,降水集中于大分水嶺的東側(cè),在其西側(cè)形成山地的雨影效應(yīng),降水豐富地區(qū)與農(nóng)業(yè)生產(chǎn)地區(qū)分布不一致,灌溉成為澳大利亞農(nóng)牧業(yè)發(fā)展的限制性條件。因此,澳大利亞對(duì)水利工程建設(shè)很 重視,東水西調(diào)促進(jìn)了墨累—達(dá)令盆地農(nóng)牧業(yè)的發(fā)展。[課堂小結(jié)]:這節(jié)課我們學(xué)習(xí)了農(nóng)業(yè)區(qū)位選擇的基本原理。 通過學(xué)習(xí)我們了解到,農(nóng)業(yè)的區(qū)位選擇實(shí)質(zhì)上就是對(duì)農(nóng)業(yè)土地的合理利用。

一、教材分析在初中階段,物理量單位的學(xué)習(xí)是學(xué)生較為困惑的問題之一。前面關(guān)于1N的規(guī)定給學(xué)生的印象總好像是有些隨意。尤其是牛頓、帕斯卡、安培、伏特、焦耳、瓦特等單位的規(guī)定。使得學(xué)生感動(dòng)物理太復(fù)雜。事實(shí)上,只有把單位制放在整個(gè)物理學(xué)框架中加以認(rèn)識(shí),并且知識(shí)有了一定的積累。經(jīng)歷了充分的學(xué)習(xí)過程后才能體會(huì)物理量單位的命名和使用規(guī)則。體會(huì)到其中對(duì)一些單位進(jìn)行規(guī)定的合理性和方便特征。物理學(xué)單位中,有很少幾個(gè)基本物理量,它們的單位就是基本單位。在進(jìn)行了這種選定之后,其它物理量的單位就是根據(jù)它的定義式,有所選擇的其他物理量的單位共同確定的。國(guó)際單位制的建立和使用,不僅方便了國(guó)際間的交流,也逐漸成為科學(xué)研究中計(jì)算和運(yùn)用的一種規(guī)范約束。中學(xué)生應(yīng)該注意學(xué)習(xí),逐步習(xí)慣,在記錄、表達(dá)和計(jì)算中規(guī)范使用。二、教學(xué)目標(biāo)(一)知識(shí)與技能1.了解什么是單位制,知道力學(xué)中的三個(gè)基本單位;2.認(rèn)識(shí)單位制在物理計(jì)算中的作用

2、過程與方法(1)聯(lián)系生活實(shí)際,通過師生共同討論的方法來(lái)確定時(shí)刻與時(shí)間、位置、位移及其路程的關(guān)系。(2)通過類比的數(shù)學(xué)方法用數(shù)學(xué)上的點(diǎn)、線段來(lái)突破時(shí)刻與時(shí)間的關(guān)系,直線運(yùn)動(dòng)的位置和位移。(3)嘗試運(yùn)用所學(xué)的概念判斷一些與生活相關(guān)的實(shí)際問題。3.情感態(tài)度與價(jià)值觀(1)通過本節(jié)課的學(xué)習(xí),使學(xué)生體會(huì)到物理現(xiàn)象和規(guī)律所蘊(yùn)含的自然美。(2)通過對(duì)問題的討論,培養(yǎng)學(xué)生勇于探究與日常生活有關(guān)的物理學(xué)問題。(3)培養(yǎng)學(xué)生有主動(dòng)與他人合作的團(tuán)隊(duì)精神,提高學(xué)生的科學(xué)素養(yǎng)。二、教學(xué)重點(diǎn)、難點(diǎn)重點(diǎn):1、時(shí)間、時(shí)刻、位置、位移的概念。2、矢量與標(biāo)量的概念。難點(diǎn):1、時(shí)刻與時(shí)間、路程和位移的區(qū)別。2、用坐標(biāo)表示時(shí)刻、時(shí)間、位移的方法。3、矢量與標(biāo)量的區(qū)別。

(創(chuàng)設(shè)實(shí)例:多媒體播放視頻劉翔的110m欄。)1.提出問題:怎樣定量(準(zhǔn)確)人描述車或劉翔所在的位置?2.提示:你的描述必須能反映物體(或人)的運(yùn)動(dòng)特點(diǎn)(直線)、運(yùn)動(dòng)方向、各點(diǎn)之間的距離等因素。3.總結(jié):①為了定量地描述物體的位置及位置的變化,需要在參考系上建立適當(dāng)?shù)淖鴺?biāo)系。坐標(biāo)系是在參考系的基礎(chǔ)上抽象出來(lái)的概念,是抽象化的參考系。為了定量地描述物體的位置及位置的變化需要在參考系上建立適當(dāng)?shù)淖鴺?biāo)系,如果物體在一維空間運(yùn)動(dòng),即沿一條直線運(yùn)動(dòng),只需建立直線坐標(biāo)系,就能準(zhǔn)確表達(dá)物體的位置;如果物體在二維空間運(yùn)動(dòng),即在同一平面運(yùn)動(dòng),就需要建立平面直角坐標(biāo)系來(lái)描述物體的位置;當(dāng)物體在三維空間運(yùn)動(dòng)時(shí),則需要建立三維坐標(biāo)系。①一維坐標(biāo):描述物體在一條直線上運(yùn)動(dòng),即物體做一維運(yùn)動(dòng)時(shí),可以以這條直線為x軸,在直線上規(guī)定原點(diǎn)、正方向和單位長(zhǎng)度,建立直線坐標(biāo)系。如圖1-1-1所示,若某一物體運(yùn)動(dòng)到A點(diǎn),此時(shí)它的位置坐標(biāo)XA=3m,若它運(yùn)動(dòng)到B點(diǎn),則此時(shí)它的坐標(biāo)XB=-2m(“-”表示沿X軸負(fù)方向)。

(一)知識(shí)與技能1.理解重力勢(shì)能的概念,會(huì)用重力勢(shì)能的定義進(jìn)行計(jì)算。2.理解重力勢(shì)能的變化和重力做功的關(guān)系,知道重力做功與路徑無(wú)關(guān)。3.知道重力勢(shì)能的相對(duì)性,知道重力勢(shì)能是物體和地球系統(tǒng)共有的(二)過程與方法:用所學(xué)功的概念推導(dǎo)重力做功與路徑的關(guān)系,親身感受知識(shí)的建立過程(三)情感、態(tài)度與價(jià)值觀1.滲透從對(duì)生活中有關(guān)物理現(xiàn)象的觀察,得到物理結(jié)論的方法,激發(fā)和培養(yǎng)學(xué)生探索自然規(guī)律的興趣.2.培養(yǎng)學(xué)生遵守社會(huì)公德,防止高空墜物。【教學(xué)重點(diǎn)】重力勢(shì)能的概念及重力做功跟物體重力勢(shì)能改變的關(guān)系?!窘虒W(xué)難點(diǎn)】重力勢(shì)能的系統(tǒng)性和相對(duì)性?!窘虒W(xué)方法】啟發(fā)、引導(dǎo)、講練結(jié)合【教學(xué)過程】一、新課引入有句話是“搬起石頭砸自己的腳”,從物理的角度看待這一問題,搬起的石頭有了做功的本領(lǐng),它就具有了能,這種能我們稱為重力勢(shì)能。我們今天就來(lái)學(xué)習(xí)重力勢(shì)能。二、新課教學(xué)

(給出儀器后先讓學(xué)生思考如何設(shè)計(jì)實(shí)驗(yàn)、安裝儀器、設(shè)計(jì)實(shí)驗(yàn)步驟,而后教師總結(jié))實(shí)驗(yàn)步驟如下:①安裝調(diào)整斜槽 :用圖釘把白紙釘在豎直板上,在木板的左上角固定斜槽。②調(diào)整木板 :用懸掛在槽口的重錘線把木板調(diào)整到豎直方向,并使木板平面與小球下落的豎直面平行,然后把重錘線方向記錄到釘在木板上的白紙上,固定木板,使在重復(fù)實(shí)驗(yàn)的過程中,木板與斜槽的相對(duì)位置保持不變。③確定坐標(biāo)原點(diǎn):把小球放在槽口處,用鉛筆記下小球在槽口時(shí)球心在木板上的水平投影點(diǎn)O,O即為坐標(biāo)原點(diǎn)。④描繪運(yùn)動(dòng)軌跡 :用鉛筆的筆尖輕輕地靠在木板的平面上,不斷調(diào)整筆尖的位置,使從斜槽上滾下的小球正好碰到筆尖,然后就用鉛筆在該處白紙上點(diǎn)上一個(gè)黑點(diǎn),這就記下了小球球心所對(duì)應(yīng)的位置。保證小球每次從槽上開始滾下的位置都相同,用同樣的方法可找出小球平拋軌跡上的一系列位置。取下白紙,描繪小球做平拋運(yùn)動(dòng)的軌跡。

在經(jīng)濟(jì)水平較高、工業(yè)地域規(guī)模較大的地區(qū),其發(fā)展?jié)摿瓦h(yuǎn)不一樣,如鋼鐵工業(yè)。鋼鐵工業(yè)的生產(chǎn)過程比較復(fù)雜(如課本圖5.31),需要有相互接近的工廠,不僅包括從事鋼鐵生產(chǎn)各道工序的工廠,如燒結(jié)廠、焦化廠、煉鐵廠、煉鋼廠、軋鋼廠,還包括與鋼鐵生產(chǎn)有聯(lián)系的工廠,如氧氣廠、機(jī)修廠、發(fā)電廠、水泥廠等,總共可達(dá)20~30個(gè)工廠。這些工廠集 聚,設(shè)備大,管線長(zhǎng),占地多。因此,這樣形成的工業(yè)地域(鋼鐵工業(yè)區(qū))面積廣,發(fā)育程度高,發(fā)展?jié)摿Υ?。這類工業(yè)地域 再加上為方便眾多工人生活所配置的服務(wù)業(yè)和其他工業(yè),在發(fā)展過程中,往往由于工業(yè)地域的擴(kuò)展而形成工業(yè)城市。例如,我國(guó)的鞍山(“鋼都”)、攀枝花、馬鞍山、包頭(“草原鋼城”)等鋼鐵工業(yè)城市的形成。除此之外,石油化工區(qū)、機(jī)械制造工業(yè)區(qū)等屬于發(fā)育程度高的工業(yè)地域,也往往擴(kuò)展而形成工業(yè)城市。例如,我國(guó)的石油城大慶、克拉瑪依,汽車城十堰等。

[補(bǔ)充]:鄭州是特大城市,我們對(duì)燈火通明的夜晚都有深刻的體會(huì),我們都體會(huì)過光給他們帶來(lái)的好處,而對(duì)過多過亮的光帶來(lái)的危害則很少認(rèn)真地思考過,且光污染給都市人們和其他生物和環(huán)境帶來(lái)的不利影響也越來(lái)越大,所以,我在這兒給同學(xué)們補(bǔ)充光污染,目的是提醒他們要增強(qiáng)環(huán)保意識(shí),要理解城市在建設(shè)過程中要減少城市各類活動(dòng)對(duì)環(huán)境的污染;另外,隨著城市的不斷發(fā)展,還可能會(huì)產(chǎn)生新 的污染物。還培養(yǎng)了學(xué)生用發(fā)展的眼光來(lái)看世界。[思考]:如何降低城市化對(duì)地理環(huán)境產(chǎn)生的影響?[答]:發(fā)展生態(tài)城市,使人工環(huán)境和自然環(huán)境和諧統(tǒng)一起來(lái)。一方面在城市建設(shè)中,要發(fā)展低污染的節(jié)能建筑和綠色交通,減少城市各類活動(dòng)對(duì)環(huán)境的污染;另一方面使城市景觀盡可能地與山、河、湖、海、植被等自然景觀保持協(xié)調(diào),建立一種良性循環(huán)。
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