
一、說(shuō)教學(xué)目標(biāo)【知識(shí)與技能】:1、經(jīng)歷在實(shí)際問(wèn)題中收集和處理數(shù)據(jù)、分析問(wèn)題、獲得信息的過(guò)程,探索并掌握100以?xún)?nèi)數(shù)的連加的計(jì)算方法,體驗(yàn)算法多樣化。2、結(jié)合具體情境估算,并說(shuō)明估算的過(guò)程?!緮?shù)學(xué)思考】:讓學(xué)生學(xué)會(huì)獨(dú)立思考,體會(huì)數(shù)學(xué)的基本思想和思維方式?!締?wèn)題解決】:初步學(xué)會(huì)從數(shù)學(xué)的角度發(fā)現(xiàn)問(wèn)題和提出問(wèn)題,綜合運(yùn)用數(shù)學(xué)知識(shí)和其他知識(shí)解決簡(jiǎn)單的數(shù)學(xué)問(wèn)題,發(fā)展應(yīng)用意識(shí)和實(shí)踐能力?!厩楦袘B(tài)度價(jià)值觀(guān)】:養(yǎng)成傾聽(tīng)的好習(xí)慣二、說(shuō)教學(xué)重難點(diǎn)【教學(xué)重點(diǎn)】:100以?xún)?nèi)數(shù)連加的計(jì)算方法【教學(xué)難點(diǎn)】:結(jié)合具體情境估算,并說(shuō)明估算的過(guò)程三、 說(shuō)教學(xué)方法創(chuàng)設(shè)情境法、引導(dǎo)法、自主學(xué)習(xí)法四、說(shuō)教具多媒體課件

3、學(xué)生獨(dú)立完成說(shuō)想法:“說(shuō)說(shuō)你是怎么想的?怎么算的?”此處訓(xùn)練了孩子的語(yǔ)言表達(dá)能力,同時(shí)老師也能夠了解學(xué)生對(duì)連加、加減混合運(yùn)算的學(xué)習(xí)情況,以便及時(shí)調(diào)整后面的教學(xué)。4、試一試:“現(xiàn)在我們來(lái)到了數(shù)學(xué)王國(guó)的大門(mén)口,可是門(mén)上有密碼鎖,它的密碼分別是四道數(shù)學(xué)題,我們得把題做對(duì)了才能進(jìn)去,讓我們一起努力吧。”此處設(shè)計(jì)了一個(gè)密碼鎖,目的是為了調(diào)動(dòng)學(xué)生的學(xué)習(xí)熱情,吸引孩子的注意力。第一題讓學(xué)生小組合作用教具動(dòng)手操作,邊擺邊說(shuō)邊算,獲得加減混合運(yùn)算順序的感性體驗(yàn)。第二題上升一個(gè)難度,讓學(xué)生邊說(shuō)邊算。第三、第四題再提升一個(gè)難度,讓學(xué)生直接計(jì)算。以此來(lái)訓(xùn)練孩子的計(jì)算能力,幫助孩子從直觀(guān)到抽象,初步訓(xùn)練了孩子的邏輯思維能力,提高了孩子的計(jì)算能力。

一說(shuō)教材:教材內(nèi)容:這節(jié)課《有多少“粘貼畫(huà)”》是北師大版義務(wù)教育課程標(biāo)準(zhǔn)實(shí)驗(yàn)教科書(shū)《數(shù)學(xué)》二年級(jí)上冊(cè)第七單元《乘法口訣》(二)的第1課時(shí)的內(nèi)容。教學(xué)目標(biāo):1、掌握6的乘法口訣,解決簡(jiǎn)單的實(shí)際問(wèn)題。2、經(jīng)歷獨(dú)立探究、編制6的乘法口訣的過(guò)程,體驗(yàn)從已知求未知的思維方法。3、結(jié)合解決問(wèn)題的過(guò)程體驗(yàn)估算的策略以及它對(duì)計(jì)算的作用,培養(yǎng)估算意識(shí)。教學(xué)重、難點(diǎn):1、編制6的乘法口訣,并能運(yùn)用口訣解決簡(jiǎn)單的實(shí)際問(wèn)題。2、體會(huì)估計(jì)的方法以及它在計(jì)算中的作用,在計(jì)算中體會(huì)新舊知識(shí)的聯(lián)系,逐步學(xué)會(huì)從已知尋求未知的思想方法。二說(shuō)教法:這節(jié)課是在學(xué)生學(xué)“2—5的乘法口訣”以后,由于他們已經(jīng)具有了學(xué)習(xí)2—5的乘法口訣的基礎(chǔ),所以教材呈現(xiàn)的形式?jīng)]有給出一個(gè)完整的乘法算式和一句完整的口訣,意在讓學(xué)生主動(dòng)探索歸納出6的乘法口訣。課本的意圖是要讓學(xué)生學(xué)會(huì)獨(dú)立編寫(xiě)意圖,我就利用學(xué)生學(xué)過(guò)的數(shù)學(xué)知識(shí)推到出六的乘法口訣。

教材分析:本單元在編寫(xiě)上注重學(xué)生的生活經(jīng)驗(yàn),密切聯(lián)系生活,強(qiáng)調(diào)在解決現(xiàn)實(shí)問(wèn)題的過(guò)程中,讓學(xué)生經(jīng)歷抽象數(shù)學(xué)模型并進(jìn)行解釋和應(yīng)用的過(guò)程,從中獲得對(duì)乘法意義的感悟。教材中的主題圖以學(xué)生喜愛(ài)的童話(huà)形式出現(xiàn),目的是讓學(xué)生在生動(dòng)的情境中提出問(wèn)題,列出乘法算式,體會(huì)乘法的簡(jiǎn)單應(yīng)用。學(xué)情分析:根據(jù)前幾節(jié)課的學(xué)習(xí),二年級(jí)學(xué)生已經(jīng)對(duì)乘法有了初步認(rèn)識(shí),并能夠初步用乘法解決問(wèn)題。由于本班學(xué)生思維還算敏捷,愿意和小伙伴交流合作、并且喜歡得到老師的表?yè)P(yáng)。所以,依據(jù)課標(biāo)和教材,結(jié)合學(xué)生的實(shí)際,確定以下教學(xué)目標(biāo):教學(xué)目標(biāo):1、對(duì)已學(xué)的口訣進(jìn)行整理,理解乘法口訣之間的關(guān)系,進(jìn)一步鞏固乘法口訣。2、初步學(xué)習(xí)整理口訣的方法,發(fā)展學(xué)生的觀(guān)察能力和語(yǔ)言表達(dá)能力。3、體驗(yàn)發(fā)現(xiàn)規(guī)律的快樂(lè),感受乘法口訣的魅力。

單元整體說(shuō)明(一)單元教材分析本單元的核心話(huà)題是描述動(dòng)物和表達(dá)個(gè)人喜好,以及句式why do you like…? Because…。這也是本單元的教學(xué)重點(diǎn)。通過(guò)本單元的學(xué)習(xí),學(xué)生應(yīng)能較流利地運(yùn)用所學(xué)詞匯和句型描述動(dòng)物,表達(dá)個(gè)人喜好。(二)單元知識(shí)結(jié)構(gòu)1.詞匯動(dòng)物名稱(chēng) tiger, elephant, koala, dolphin, etc.詞匯描述性形容詞: smart, cute, ugly, clever, shy, etc.國(guó)家名: Australia, South Africa2.句型Why do you like koala hears? Because they are cute.Where are pandas from? They're from China.What animals do you like? I like dolphins.(三)單元整體目標(biāo)1.Master the vocabulary2.Master and use: Why do you like koalas? Because they am cute.Where are pandas from? They're from China.What animals do you like? I like dolphins.(四)單元教學(xué)重難點(diǎn)一覽(五)單元學(xué)情分析學(xué)生此前已經(jīng)學(xué)過(guò)由why, where, what 引導(dǎo)的特殊疑問(wèn)句句型,具有了學(xué)習(xí)本單元知識(shí)的認(rèn)知前提。形形色色的動(dòng)物能激發(fā)學(xué)生的好奇心,產(chǎn)生了解它們的欲望,這有利于本單元知識(shí)的教學(xué)和學(xué)生學(xué)習(xí)興趣的培養(yǎng)。

1 Each group choose one place to describe and what you are doing in it Choose one place, and describe what they are doing 2 Move around the room and give suggestions Talk about it and write it down 3 Ask one to show their works and act it Choose one of each group to make a report 4 Evaluate the best group and the best reporter Choose the best one Homework Ask your friends their ideal place and write about it教學(xué)反思:新課程標(biāo)準(zhǔn)中強(qiáng)調(diào)學(xué)生在課堂中的主體地位,在綜合課中他們的主體地位就更加突出。在各個(gè)活動(dòng)中給不同程度的學(xué)生不同層次的任務(wù),讓各層面的學(xué)生都有表現(xiàn)發(fā)揮的機(jī)會(huì),從而產(chǎn)生對(duì)英語(yǔ)的興趣。使用照片圖片多媒體來(lái)輔助教學(xué),效果更好。同時(shí)讓了解其他國(guó)家風(fēng)景,風(fēng)俗的同學(xué)介紹ideal place,增加學(xué)生的背景知知識(shí),實(shí)現(xiàn)跨學(xué)科交流的目的。教案點(diǎn)評(píng):采用任務(wù)型教學(xué)模式,在各個(gè)活動(dòng)中給不同程度的學(xué)生不同層次的任務(wù),讓各層面的學(xué)生都有表現(xiàn)發(fā)揮的機(jī)會(huì),從而產(chǎn)生對(duì)英語(yǔ)的興趣。使用照片圖片多媒體來(lái)輔助教學(xué),效果更好。讓了解其他國(guó)家風(fēng)景,風(fēng)俗的同學(xué)介紹ideal place,增加學(xué)生的背景知識(shí),實(shí)現(xiàn)跨學(xué)科交流的目的。

Teaching Goal:1. General aims:Talk about recent past events2. Particular aims:A. Language Focus.Talk about recent past events and think of the past events.B. Language goalsHow was….?It was …What did …do over the weekend?C. Language structures:(1). How was your weekend? I was great. Pay attention to no form.(2). What did you do over the weekend? I played soccer. We went to the beach.D. Useful words and phrases:Words: was, did, went, beach, over, project, test, wasn’t, false, number, geography, spend, week, most, mixture, their, had, little, cook, read, saw, change, everyone, sit, sat, no, anythingPhrases: did one’s homework, played soccer, cleaned my room, went to the beach, played tennis, went to the movies, on Saturday morning, over the weekend, cook … for, what about, do some reading, have a party, talk show, go shoppingE. Grammar language:Present simple past tenseRegular and irregular verbsF. Learning strategies:Tour and holidaysG. Interdiscipinary:H. Emotion and manner:Teaching time: 5 periodsTeaching procedures:Period One教學(xué)步驟、時(shí)間 教師活動(dòng) 學(xué)生活動(dòng) 媒體應(yīng)用Step 1Free talk 3’ Ask some questions like:Who’s on duty today?What’s the weather like? Answer and talk about something.讓同學(xué)們回答下列問(wèn)題1. Do you like weekend? (Let some students answer)It takes them three minutes to talk about the question.2. Why do you like weekend? (let the students answer) Most of the students like the weekend此時(shí)教師用漢語(yǔ)問(wèn):“在周末期間問(wèn)你干了什么?這句話(huà)用英語(yǔ)這么回答?Let the students guess.At last the teacher give them right answer3. What did you do over the weekend?(板書(shū)、學(xué)習(xí))

Period 2 (3a----Section B 2c)Preview(Pre-task): Key points: What laAdd another information about their pen pals----their language on the cardnguage does she/he speak?She/He speaks....Does she/he have any brothers and sisters? Does she/he speak English?Preview(Pre-task): Add another information about their pen pals----their language on the cardKey points: What language does she/he speak?She/He speaks....Does she/he have any brothers and sisters? Does she/he speak English?Step 1 Revision1.Revisionand dictation of the new words 2.Revise the drills they learned yesterday.(by pairwork and grammar exercise)Step 2 Leading-inT has a conversation with one student. The conversation is following:---Do you have a pen pal?---Yes, I do.---What's your pen pal's name? ---His/Her name is....---Where is your pen pal from? ---He/She is from...---Where does he/she live? ---He/She lives in....---What language does he/she speak?He/She speaks...Write the new words on the Bb. They are following: EnglishChineseJapaneseFrenchStep 3 LearnLearn the new words with the whole class.Finish 3a with the students3b Pairwork T still does an example with one student Then the Ss practise in pairs. The example is following:--Curry Muray is my pen pal. He is from the United States.---What language does he speak?

三、教學(xué)建議第一課時(shí):1. Lead in (Vocabulary)A) Before class, teacher should collect some pictures of working places. For example: Bank, TV Station, Restaurant, Police Station, Hospital ...B) In class, show students the pictures (PowerPoint, OHP). Ask students to tell the name of the working places and the name of the jobs.Shop assistant, doctor, actor, reporter, police office, waiter, bank clerk, studentC) Do exercise 1a and 3a.2. Bingo GameAsk groups of students to make up pairs of cards with a job on one and the related workplace on the other. For example, waiter / restaurant, teacher / school, doctor / hospital. Encourage students to use both the job / workplace combinations in the book and the ones that students came up during class discussions. Be sure they have twice as many sets of cards as there are students in the group. They can make two sets of cards for a single job / workplace, if necessary. Then have each group mix up its set of cards and hand their cards out in random order. Each time a student gets a pair of cards that match, he or she can lay these cards down. The goal is to have no cards in your hand at the end.3. Task OneA) Ask students to work in pairs and ask the partner what does he / she want to be in the future.e. g. :What do you / does he / does she want to be?I want to be a.Why?Because it's (adj).B) Vocabulary: Section B, 1a4. Homework 1.2.

說(shuō)明:在幫Li Lei提建議的同時(shí),教育學(xué)生如何學(xué)好英語(yǔ)。第三課時(shí)教學(xué)目標(biāo)1. 語(yǔ)言目標(biāo):a) 詞匯: Original, in style, haircut, the same as.b) 語(yǔ)言結(jié)構(gòu):My friend wears the same clothes and has the same haircut as I do.2. 能力目標(biāo):大多數(shù)學(xué)生能夠談?wù)撟约合矚g哪種服裝,提高查找信息的能力。3. 情感目標(biāo):學(xué)會(huì)如何與朋友相處,要有自己對(duì)時(shí)尚的看法。教學(xué)重點(diǎn)掌握一些重要詞匯。教學(xué)難點(diǎn)學(xué)會(huì)談?wù)搯?wèn)題,并能提出書(shū)面建議?!艚虒W(xué)突破首先針對(duì)Erin的問(wèn)題,提出個(gè)人的建議,模仿2c部分的對(duì)話(huà)展開(kāi)雙人交際Pair-work;聽(tīng)老師誦讀3a部分的信件,并找出LEFT OUT的問(wèn)題所在;學(xué)生完成3b部分的內(nèi)容,給Left Out提出書(shū)面的建議;學(xué)以口頭形式提出自己目前存在的某個(gè)問(wèn)題,講給大家聽(tīng),讓同學(xué)們給自己提出一個(gè)建議,并作筆錄;學(xué)生兩、三個(gè)人分成一組,隨意性地進(jìn)行口語(yǔ)交際,談?wù)揚(yáng)14的第4部分的某個(gè)問(wèn)題,相互交換意見(jiàn)。

區(qū)分賓語(yǔ)從句、定于從句和狀語(yǔ)從句賓語(yǔ)從句和狀語(yǔ)從句,都叫做主從復(fù)合句。賓語(yǔ)從句主要是中考必考的,是初中階段必掌握的從句,賓語(yǔ)從句主要是掌握三要素,所謂賓語(yǔ)從句,就是賓語(yǔ)在主從復(fù)合句當(dāng)中充當(dāng)賓語(yǔ)的一個(gè)句子,叫做賓語(yǔ)從句。主句的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞是及物動(dòng)詞,后面如果是詞或者是短語(yǔ)的話(huà),是簡(jiǎn)單句,如果是句子的話(huà),肯定是賓語(yǔ)從句。I know that he good at English.就是賓語(yǔ)從句,三要素,一要素是要注意連詞,連詞一共學(xué)了三類(lèi)連詞,一類(lèi)連詞是that口語(yǔ)當(dāng)中可以省略,就像剛才說(shuō)的那一句,I hear he is good at English.還有疑問(wèn)代詞、疑問(wèn)副詞,how where when,疑問(wèn)代詞、疑問(wèn)副詞。還有一類(lèi)連詞weather是否的意思,不是狀語(yǔ)從句當(dāng)中的如果,這一定要和如果區(qū)分開(kāi),這是是否。I don't know if he interested at English。賓語(yǔ)從句要注意if是連詞。第二要素是語(yǔ)序,要用陳述舉語(yǔ)序。比如說(shuō)你家有幾口人,我們都說(shuō)How many people are there in you family?但是這是簡(jiǎn)單句,一旦說(shuō)成賓語(yǔ)從句,你可以告訴我你家有幾口人嗎?Could you tell me how many people there are in you family ?

"Hello! Welcome to English class! Introduce yourself. Meet your new classmates." That's what the teacher says. What do you say? "Oh no!" It can be difficult talking to new people. But it can be fun, and you can make friends. How do you do it? Make small talk. Small talk is polite conversation. "Wang Nan is a great pingpang player, isn't she?" "I'd love to meet her, wouldn't you?" "It's been raining a lot, hasn't it?" Tag questions are a form of polite speech. To make small talk successfully, you should know how to make them. You should also know what topics to talk about. Try to learn this unit carefully. The next time you're in English class, you'll find out. Making small talk's easy, isn't it? (“你好!歡迎你!請(qǐng)做一下自我介紹。認(rèn)識(shí)一下你的新同學(xué)?!蓖ǔT谡n上老師會(huì)這樣說(shuō)。你會(huì)說(shuō)什么呢?“噢,不!”與陌生人談話(huà)太困難了。但是這也很有意思,并且你還能交到朋友。你該怎么做呢?閑聊。閑聊指得是禮貌的對(duì)話(huà)?!巴蹰且粋€(gè)很棒的乒乓球運(yùn)動(dòng)員,不是嗎?”“我希望自己能認(rèn)識(shí)她,你呢?“今年的雨水很多,不是嗎?”反意疑問(wèn)句是一種禮貌用語(yǔ)。為了使得談話(huà)成功,你應(yīng)該知道怎樣去進(jìn)行閑聊。你還應(yīng)該知道與不同的人該談?wù)撌裁礃拥脑?huà)題。認(rèn)真的學(xué)習(xí)這個(gè)單元吧,下次在英語(yǔ)課上,你會(huì)發(fā)現(xiàn)與大家展開(kāi)談話(huà)是一件很容易的事情,不信我們來(lái)試試。)

(一).知識(shí)方面: 1.培養(yǎng)學(xué)生能運(yùn)用過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)來(lái)描述、談?wù)撨^(guò)去某個(gè)時(shí)間正在發(fā)生的事情或動(dòng)作的意識(shí)和能力,能就過(guò)去某個(gè)時(shí)間正在發(fā)生的動(dòng)作做出正確的描述。 2.培養(yǎng)學(xué)生的想象力和角色扮演的合作能力。 3.培養(yǎng)學(xué)生講述過(guò)去發(fā)生的事情經(jīng)過(guò)的能力。能正確運(yùn)用一般過(guò)去時(shí)來(lái)講述故事。 (二).技能方面: 1.本單元的語(yǔ)言目標(biāo)是Talk about past events and tell a story(談?wù)撨^(guò)去的時(shí)間和講述一個(gè)故事),圍繞這一目標(biāo),要涉及句型: What were you doing when the UFO arrived? ----I was sitting in the barber’s chair. The barber was cutting my hair. 因此必須學(xué)習(xí)standing、studying、cleaning、sleeping、cooking、making、eating、cutting、等表示地點(diǎn)的詞,以便為上述句型提供語(yǔ)言材料。2.學(xué)習(xí)過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)的有關(guān)知識(shí)。Was/were+現(xiàn)在分詞,是該時(shí)態(tài)的表達(dá)式。 3.在學(xué)習(xí)過(guò)程中,要區(qū)分The boy was walking down the street when the UFO landed.和While the boy was walking down the street, the UFO landed.這兩種由when和while引導(dǎo)的狀語(yǔ)從句的句型結(jié)構(gòu)。注意它們的不同。

Don’t fight. =You can’t fight. (板書(shū),教讀)教師把這些句子板書(shū)在黑板上,并請(qǐng)學(xué)生大聲整齊地讀祈使句和“can’t”句型,并讓學(xué)生注意兩種句型表達(dá)形式的不同和轉(zhuǎn)換,“Don’t …=You can’t…”;并對(duì)學(xué)生說(shuō):These are our school rules. (板書(shū),教讀) You can’t break the school rules. Don’t break the school rules.(板書(shū),教讀)步驟3 :Practicea. T: Now, each of the students is breaking one of these rules.Please finish 1a.學(xué)生看圖,完成1a的內(nèi)容,檢查答案并大聲朗讀校規(guī)。b. 聽(tīng)錄音,完成1b,選出四位學(xué)生都違反了哪條校規(guī);聽(tīng)之前,學(xué)生要讀會(huì)英文名。c. 請(qǐng)兩位學(xué)生朗讀1c部分的句型;要求學(xué)生兩人一組對(duì)話(huà)表演,SA扮演外校轉(zhuǎn)來(lái)新生,SB告知本校校規(guī)。(學(xué)生可經(jīng)過(guò)討論,多說(shuō)出他們想到的校規(guī),不必只限于書(shū)上;教師應(yīng)給予幫助)2) 第二課時(shí)(2a~4)步驟1 :warming up of revisionT: What are the rules at your school?學(xué)生使用“can”或祈使句表達(dá)各條校規(guī);其中老師可引出“eat in the cafeteria outside”的表達(dá)。步驟2 :Practicea.T: Christina is an exchange student. She doesn’t know the rules. Let’s listen, what activities they’re talking about?學(xué)生聽(tīng)第一遍時(shí),完成2a;第二遍時(shí),完成2b;b. 請(qǐng)學(xué)生領(lǐng)讀2c部分,看著2a完成的表格,理解2c活動(dòng)的要求;分成小組針對(duì)2a進(jìn)行問(wèn)答;

This activity introduces some new vocabulary and provide oral practice using the target language.Task 1 . Ask four students to stand in front of the class, and the teacher asks them the following questions as a reporter.1.What are you going to do when you grow up?2.What are you going to do next week?3.What are going to do after school?The students will give different answers, then ask a good student to report what they said.I am going to e a doctor.What did she say?----------She said she was going to be a doctor.I am going to have a party on Friday night.What did he say?-------He said he was going to have a party on Friday night.I am going to do my homework.What did she say ?------ She said she was going to do her homework.I am going home after school.What did she say?-----She said she was going home after school.Say In this unit we are going to learn to use words like to report what someone said.Task 2. Read the instructions. Then ask a student to read the four questions. And write the words on the Bb. Explain what soap opera is.Task 3. Ask the students to Look at the pictures, point out the TV screens in the picture. Ask one girl to read what Marcia said.What did Marcia say? She said She said she was having a surprise party for Lana on Friday night. Repeat the other pictures in the same way.Activity3. Listen and number the pictures in activity 1a.

Step Ⅱ Show the new words on the screen and teach the new words. Read the new words to students and ask them to repeat.Step Ⅲ 3aThis activity introduces new vocabulary and provides reading practice using the target language.In this activity first look at the four pictures.T: What can you see in the pictures?Ss: Four snow globes.T: Right. There are four snow globes in the pictures. And what are they?Ss: They are a monster, two polar bears, two penguins and a birthday cake.Write these words on the blackboard: snow globe; monster; polar bear; penguin and birthday cake. Read them to the class and ask students to repeat each one. Make sure students understand each word.Use a computer to show the E-mail message on the screen and read the message to students.Get students to read the e-mail on their own, and then draw lines connecting each snow globe and its description.Correct the answers.AnswersA line should connect each snow globe picture with the words that describe it in the letter.Step Ⅳ 3bThis activity provides writing practice using the target language.First review Activity 2a on Page 47.Then ask students to complete the message according to Activity 2a.Some partial sentences are given to students. Write about one person's collection.When students work, walk around the room checking the progress and offering help as needed.When they finish, ask some students to read their messages to the class.

預(yù)設(shè) (1)“大道”可以理解為治理社會(huì)的最高準(zhǔn)則。“大同”指儒家的理想社會(huì)或人類(lèi)社會(huì)的最高階段?!按蟮乐幸病笔侵笀?zhí)政者施行“大道”,老百姓便可以生活在安定和平的大同社會(huì)。(2)天下為公;選賢與能,講信修睦。(3)“大同”社會(huì)是以“五帝之世”的傳聞為依據(jù),經(jīng)過(guò)加工提煉而后構(gòu)想出來(lái)的一個(gè)理想社會(huì)的模式。意在建立一個(gè)合理的社會(huì),以消除現(xiàn)實(shí)社會(huì)中的黑暗現(xiàn)象和不合理的地方。3.拓展延伸師:你認(rèn)為這種理想社會(huì)在當(dāng)時(shí)實(shí)現(xiàn)了嗎?如何理解這種思想?(生交流討論,師引導(dǎo))預(yù)設(shè) “謀閉而不興,盜竊亂賊而不作”是一種和平安定的局面,是對(duì)“大同”社會(huì)的一個(gè)總結(jié),這個(gè)理想在當(dāng)時(shí)并沒(méi)有實(shí)現(xiàn),因?yàn)樾∩a(chǎn)的物質(zhì)基礎(chǔ)不足以支撐“大同”社會(huì)的運(yùn)轉(zhuǎn),還有搞陰謀、盜竊財(cái)物和作亂等奸邪之事。這種理想在當(dāng)時(shí)雖不能實(shí)現(xiàn),但它具有積極意義,是我們的精神財(cái)富。

1.《蒹葭》中的“伊人”究竟為何人?長(zhǎng)期以來(lái),人們對(duì)《蒹葭》主題的解讀眾說(shuō)紛紜,莫衷一是,直接導(dǎo)致了對(duì)詩(shī)中“伊人”形象有多重理解。持“愛(ài)情說(shuō)”者,認(rèn)為“伊人”是意中人;持“政治說(shuō)”者,認(rèn)為“伊人”是賢能之人;持“理想說(shuō)”者,認(rèn)為“伊人”象征著理想。其實(shí),無(wú)論“伊人”是何人,指的是什么,詩(shī)歌中的主人公都是經(jīng)歷了許多波折,一直苦苦追尋著“伊人”。這其實(shí)體現(xiàn)了一種深刻的人生意義,美好的事物總是可望難即的,不管最后主人公是否尋得“伊人”,這追尋過(guò)程本身就具有極大的意義。2.《關(guān)雎》和《蒹葭》在內(nèi)容情感和表現(xiàn)形式上有什么異同?相同點(diǎn):《關(guān)雎》和《蒹葭》都屬于《詩(shī)經(jīng)》中的“國(guó)風(fēng)”,都是當(dāng)時(shí)的民歌;都運(yùn)用了“興”的手法,借景抒情,托物寄意;都大量使用重章疊句的藝術(shù)形式,反復(fù)詠唱;在語(yǔ)言形式上大多四言一句,二二拍,一般隔句用韻,但并不拘泥,而是富于變化;都使用了雙聲疊韻詞,富于聲韻美。

莊子是戰(zhàn)國(guó)時(shí)期著名的思想家、哲學(xué)家和文學(xué)家。他是道家學(xué)派主要代表人物之一,他繼承并發(fā)展了老子的思想,與老子并稱(chēng)“老莊”?!肚f子》又名《南華經(jīng)》,是道家經(jīng)典著作之一?!肚f子》主要反映了莊子的批判哲學(xué)、美學(xué)等,其內(nèi)容豐富,博大精深,涉及哲學(xué)、人生、政治、社會(huì)、藝術(shù)、宇宙生成論等諸多方面。《莊子》是一部文學(xué)的典范著作?!暗馈笔乔f子思想的核心,“逍遙游”是莊子不滿(mǎn)黑暗現(xiàn)實(shí)的羈絆而提出的一種生活方式與社會(huì)理想。莊子主張超然物外,絕對(duì)自由地生活在世界上,他認(rèn)為生命的意義不在于庸俗地活著,而在于逍遙地神游,這些精神的遨游是絕對(duì)自由的,在莊子看來(lái),自然是一種超凡脫俗的狀態(tài),一種妙不可言的境界。莊子的“逍遙游”是一種感性的生活方式,他告訴我們要去追求功利之外獨(dú)立的生命價(jià)值,追求人生的真實(shí)自我。從當(dāng)下來(lái)看,莊子追求的逍遙境界,是無(wú)法實(shí)現(xiàn)的主觀(guān)唯心主義幻想,是一種烏托邦式的美好的臆想。

五、細(xì)讀詩(shī)歌,明確寫(xiě)法1.明確文章寫(xiě)法。這首詩(shī)中詩(shī)人描寫(xiě)的是自然界的道路,但是同時(shí)又暗含著詩(shī)人對(duì)人生之路的思考。這首詩(shī)中的這種寫(xiě)法與《假如生活欺騙了你》中的寫(xiě)法一樣嗎?為什么?預(yù)設(shè) 不一樣。這首詩(shī)中詩(shī)人運(yùn)用了大量形象闡釋哲理,運(yùn)用了許多詠物詩(shī)、哲理詩(shī)采用的象征手法,耐人尋味。對(duì)詩(shī)歌創(chuàng)作,弗羅斯特有獨(dú)具一格的方法與原則,他認(rèn)為詩(shī)歌應(yīng)“始于愉悅,終于智慧”,應(yīng)該給人以美的享受和思想上的啟迪。從以上的學(xué)習(xí)中我們可以看出,詩(shī)人弗羅斯特用簡(jiǎn)單的語(yǔ)言、豐富的象征,巧妙地將自己對(duì)社會(huì)、自然、人生的了解和思考融入豐富的詩(shī)歌形象之中,運(yùn)用人們熟悉又帶有神秘色彩的自然場(chǎng)景,向人們闡釋人生哲理,向人們展示他理解的人生,以及他對(duì)人生、對(duì)社會(huì)的探索。2.了解象征手法。象征是詩(shī)歌創(chuàng)作中經(jīng)常運(yùn)用的一種寫(xiě)作方法,詩(shī)歌一般都會(huì)通過(guò)一定的藝術(shù)形象,生動(dòng)鮮明地將主題含蓄地表達(dá)出來(lái)。
PPT全稱(chēng)是PowerPoint,LFPPT為你提供免費(fèi)PPT模板下載資源。讓你10秒輕松搞定幻燈片制作,打造?顏值的豐富演示文稿素材模版合集。