
高斯(Gauss,1777-1855),德國數(shù)學(xué)家,近代數(shù)學(xué)的奠基者之一. 他在天文學(xué)、大地測量學(xué)、磁學(xué)、光學(xué)等領(lǐng)域都做出過杰出貢獻(xiàn). 問題1:為什么1+100=2+99=…=50+51呢?這是巧合嗎?試從數(shù)列角度給出解釋.高斯的算法:(1+100)+(2+99)+…+(50+51)= 101×50=5050高斯的算法實(shí)際上解決了求等差數(shù)列:1,2,3,…,n,"… " 前100項(xiàng)的和問題.等差數(shù)列中,下標(biāo)和相等的兩項(xiàng)和相等.設(shè) an=n,則 a1=1,a2=2,a3=3,…如果數(shù)列{an} 是等差數(shù)列,p,q,s,t∈N*,且 p+q=s+t,則 ap+aq=as+at 可得:a_1+a_100=a_2+a_99=?=a_50+a_51問題2: 你能用上述方法計(jì)算1+2+3+… +101嗎?問題3: 你能計(jì)算1+2+3+… +n嗎?需要對(duì)項(xiàng)數(shù)的奇偶進(jìn)行分類討論.當(dāng)n為偶數(shù)時(shí), S_n=(1+n)+[(2+(n-1)]+?+[(n/2+(n/2-1)]=(1+n)+(1+n)…+(1+n)=n/2 (1+n) =(n(1+n))/2當(dāng)n為奇數(shù)數(shù)時(shí), n-1為偶數(shù)

新知探究前面我們研究了兩類變化率問題:一類是物理學(xué)中的問題,涉及平均速度和瞬時(shí)速度;另一類是幾何學(xué)中的問題,涉及割線斜率和切線斜率。這兩類問題來自不同的學(xué)科領(lǐng)域,但在解決問題時(shí),都采用了由“平均變化率”逼近“瞬時(shí)變化率”的思想方法;問題的答案也是一樣的表示形式。下面我們用上述思想方法研究更一般的問題。探究1: 對(duì)于函數(shù)y=f(x) ,設(shè)自變量x從x_0變化到x_0+ ?x ,相應(yīng)地,函數(shù)值y就從f(x_0)變化到f(〖x+x〗_0) 。這時(shí), x的變化量為?x,y的變化量為?y=f(x_0+?x)-f(x_0)我們把比值?y/?x,即?y/?x=(f(x_0+?x)-f(x_0)" " )/?x叫做函數(shù)從x_0到x_0+?x的平均變化率。1.導(dǎo)數(shù)的概念如果當(dāng)Δx→0時(shí),平均變化率ΔyΔx無限趨近于一個(gè)確定的值,即ΔyΔx有極限,則稱y=f (x)在x=x0處____,并把這個(gè)________叫做y=f (x)在x=x0處的導(dǎo)數(shù)(也稱為__________),記作f ′(x0)或________,即

我們知道數(shù)列是一種特殊的函數(shù),在函數(shù)的研究中,我們在理解了函數(shù)的一般概念,了解了函數(shù)變化規(guī)律的研究內(nèi)容(如單調(diào)性,奇偶性等)后,通過研究基本初等函數(shù)不僅加深了對(duì)函數(shù)的理解,而且掌握了冪函數(shù),指數(shù)函數(shù),對(duì)數(shù)函數(shù),三角函數(shù)等非常有用的函數(shù)模型。類似地,在了解了數(shù)列的一般概念后,我們要研究一些具有特殊變化規(guī)律的數(shù)列,建立它們的通項(xiàng)公式和前n項(xiàng)和公式,并應(yīng)用它們解決實(shí)際問題和數(shù)學(xué)問題,從中感受數(shù)學(xué)模型的現(xiàn)實(shí)意義與應(yīng)用,下面,我們從一類取值規(guī)律比較簡單的數(shù)列入手。新知探究1.北京天壇圜丘壇,的地面有十板布置,最中間是圓形的天心石,圍繞天心石的是9圈扇環(huán)形的石板,從內(nèi)到外各圈的示板數(shù)依次為9,18,27,36,45,54,63,72,81 ①2.S,M,L,XL,XXL,XXXL型號(hào)的女裝上對(duì)應(yīng)的尺碼分別是38,40,42,44,46,48 ②3.測量某地垂直地面方向上海拔500米以下的大氣溫度,得到從距離地面20米起每升高100米處的大氣溫度(單位℃)依次為25,24,23,22,21 ③

情景導(dǎo)學(xué)古語云:“勤學(xué)如春起之苗,不見其增,日有所長”如果對(duì)“春起之苗”每日用精密儀器度量,則每日的高度值按日期排在一起,可組成一個(gè)數(shù)列. 那么什么叫數(shù)列呢?二、問題探究1. 王芳從一歲到17歲,每年生日那天測量身高,將這些身高數(shù)據(jù)(單位:厘米)依次排成一列數(shù):75,87,96,103,110,116,120,128,138,145,153,158,160,162,163,165,168 ①記王芳第i歲的身高為 h_i ,那么h_1=75 , h_2=87, 〖"…" ,h〗_17=168.我們發(fā)現(xiàn)h_i中的i反映了身高按歲數(shù)從1到17的順序排列時(shí)的確定位置,即h_1=75 是排在第1位的數(shù),h_2=87是排在第2位的數(shù)〖"…" ,h〗_17 =168是排在第17位的數(shù),它們之間不能交換位置,所以①具有確定順序的一列數(shù)。2. 在兩河流域發(fā)掘的一塊泥板(編號(hào)K90,約生產(chǎn)于公元前7世紀(jì))上,有一列依次表示一個(gè)月中從第1天到第15天,每天月亮可見部分的數(shù):5,10,20,40,80,96,112,128,144,160,176,192,208,224,240. ②

The topic of this part is “Discover the reasons for festivals and celebrations.The Listening & Speaking & Talking part aims at talking about the experiences and feelings or emotions about the festivals and celebrations. This section aims at detecting the reason why the people celebrate the festivals, the time, the places, the types and the way of celebrations. It also explains why some traditions in the old celebrations are disappearing, like the firecrackers in the big cities and some new things are appearing like the prosperity of business or commerce. 1. Students can talk about what festivals they know and the reasons and the way of celebrating them.2. Students should learn the reading skills such as the headline and get the topic sentences, the structures of articles.3. Students can understand the past, the present situation of some festival around the world and why there are some changes about them. 4. Students can have the international awareness about the festivals.1. Students should learn the reading skills such as the headline and get the topic sentences, the structures of articles.2. Students can understand the past, the present situation of some festival around the world and why there are some changes about them.Step 1 Lead in---Small talkWhat festival do you like best ? Why ?I like the Spring Festivals because I can set off the fireworks, receive the lucky money and enjoy the Gala with my families.Step 2 Before reading---Pair workWhy do people celebrate different festivals ?The Spring Festivals is to celebrate the end of winter and the coming of spring and new life.The Mid-autumn Day is to celebrate the harvest and admire the moon.

The theme of this section is “Talk about festival activities and festival experiences”.Festival and holiday is a relaxing and interesting topic for students. This part talks about the topic from the daily life of students’. In the part A ---Listening and Speaking, there are three conversations among different speakers from three countries(Japan, Rio and China), where the speakers are participating in or going to participate in the festivals and celebrations. So listening for the relationship among them is a fundamental task. Actually, with the globalization and more international communication, it is normal for Chinese or foreigners to witness different festivals and celebrations in or out of China. In the Conversation 1, a foreign reporter is interviewing a Japanese young girl who just had participated in the ceremony of the Coming-of-Age Day on the street and asking her feeling about the ceremony and the afterwards activities. Conversation 2, Chinese girl Li Mei is witnessing the Rio Carnival for the first time, and her friend Carla gives her some advice on the costumes which enables her to match with the carnival to have a good time. Conversation 3, a Chinese guide is showing a group of foreign visitors around the Lantern Festival and introducing the customs of the festival to them. The three conversations have a strong vitality and insert the festival and cultural elements from different countries. So perceiving the festivals and cultures from different countries is the second task. At the same time, the scripts also insert the targeted grammar --- v-ing as attributive and predicative, which students can perceive and experience in a real context and make a road for the further study. That is the third task. In the Part B--- Listening and Talking, the theme is “Talk about festival experience”, which is the common topic in our daily conversations. During the conversation, Song Lin, a Chinese student, asked Canadian friend Max about how to spend Christmas. In the conversation, Song Lin talked about experience and the feelings during the Chinese Spring Festival, during which there are not only some enjoyable things but some unpleasant things. After the listening, perhaps students find there are some similarities between Christmas and the Chinese Spring Festival as there are some differences in the origins and celebrations. For example, people always visit friends and relatives, decorate their houses, have a big dinner together, chat and give presents to each other.

Step 4 PracticeRead the conversation. Find out which words have been left out.Justin: Linlin, I’m going to Guizhou Province next month. I’m super excited! Any recommendations for places to visit?Linlin: Wow, cool! Guizhou is a province with a lot of cultural diversity. Places to visit...well, definitely the Huangguoshu Waterfall first.Justin: What’s special about the waterfall?Linlin: Well, have you ever heard of the Chinese novel Journey to the West ?Justin: Yes, I have. Why ?Linlin: In the back of the waterfall, you will find a cave, which is the home of the Monkey King.Justin: Really? Cool! I’ll definitely check it out.Linlin:And I strongly recommend the ethnic minority villages. You’ll find Chinese culture is much more diverse than you thought.Justin:Sounds great, thanks.Answers:Justin: Linlin, I’m going to Guizhou Province next month. I’m super excited! Do you have any recommendations for places to visit?Linlin: Wow, that’s cool! Guizhou is a province with a lot of cultural diversity. What are some places to visit in Guizhou ? Well, definitely the Huangguoshu Waterfall is the first place to visit in Guizhou Province.Justin: What’s special about the waterfall?Linlin: Well, have you ever heard of the Chinese novel Journey to the West ?Justin: Yes, I have heard of the Chinese novel Journey to the West . Why do you ask if I have heard of the Chinese novel Journey to the West?Linlin: In the back of the waterfall, you will find a cave, which is the home of the Monkey King from Journey to the West.Justin: That’s really true? It’s Cool! I’ll definitely check it out.Linlin:And I strongly recommend the ethnic minority villages on your trip to Guizhou Province. You’ll find Chinese culture is much more diverse than you thought it was.Justin:This all sounds great, thanks.

Everybody wants to get wealth.In today’s material world,making money or becoming wealthy symbolizes a person’s success and capability. Many people just make every effort, pay any price to attain greater wealth. With money,they can buy nice, large apartments in nice neighborhood. With money they can own luxurious cars. Wealth seems to bring all happiness in life.But is wealth the only road to happiness? Not really. There are many things in the world, which are beyond the means of money, such as friendship, love, health and knowledge. People are so preoccupied with struggling for money that they have no time or would not take the time to form or maintain friendship. What happiness can they feel living as lonely miserable creatures without love or friends in the world even if they accumulate tremendous wealth?In my opinion, people can’t do anything without money, but money is not everything. What money will bring you depends on your personal belief and goal in life. If you are kind enough to help others, especially the poor, money is a good thing to you. With it, you can do much more for the benefit of people and your country, and it will add to your own happiness. If you want money just for your own needs, you’ll never be satisfied or happy. In a word,you should have money spent for more people. Only then can money be the source of your happiness.Step 8 Homework4 students in a group, one acts Roderick, one Oliver, one servant and the fourth one acts Henry Adams, then listen to the tape, pay more attention to the difference between American English and British English in pronunciation, stress, tone.

導(dǎo)語在必修第一冊中,我們研究了函數(shù)的單調(diào)性,并利用函數(shù)單調(diào)性等知識(shí),定性的研究了一次函數(shù)、指數(shù)函數(shù)、對(duì)數(shù)函數(shù)增長速度的差異,知道“對(duì)數(shù)增長” 是越來越慢的,“指數(shù)爆炸” 比“直線上升” 快得多,進(jìn)一步的能否精確定量的刻畫變化速度的快慢呢,下面我們就來研究這個(gè)問題。新知探究問題1 高臺(tái)跳水運(yùn)動(dòng)員的速度高臺(tái)跳水運(yùn)動(dòng)中,運(yùn)動(dòng)員在運(yùn)動(dòng)過程中的重心相對(duì)于水面的高度h(單位:m)與起跳后的時(shí)間t(單位:s)存在函數(shù)關(guān)系h(t)=-4.9t2+4.8t+11.如何描述用運(yùn)動(dòng)員從起跳到入水的過程中運(yùn)動(dòng)的快慢程度呢?直覺告訴我們,運(yùn)動(dòng)員從起跳到入水的過程中,在上升階段運(yùn)動(dòng)的越來越慢,在下降階段運(yùn)動(dòng)的越來越快,我們可以把整個(gè)運(yùn)動(dòng)時(shí)間段分成許多小段,用運(yùn)動(dòng)員在每段時(shí)間內(nèi)的平均速度v ?近似的描述它的運(yùn)動(dòng)狀態(tài)。

求函數(shù)的導(dǎo)數(shù)的策略(1)先區(qū)分函數(shù)的運(yùn)算特點(diǎn),即函數(shù)的和、差、積、商,再根據(jù)導(dǎo)數(shù)的運(yùn)算法則求導(dǎo)數(shù);(2)對(duì)于三個(gè)以上函數(shù)的積、商的導(dǎo)數(shù),依次轉(zhuǎn)化為“兩個(gè)”函數(shù)的積、商的導(dǎo)數(shù)計(jì)算.跟蹤訓(xùn)練1 求下列函數(shù)的導(dǎo)數(shù):(1)y=x2+log3x; (2)y=x3·ex; (3)y=cos xx.[解] (1)y′=(x2+log3x)′=(x2)′+(log3x)′=2x+1xln 3.(2)y′=(x3·ex)′=(x3)′·ex+x3·(ex)′=3x2·ex+x3·ex=ex(x3+3x2).(3)y′=cos xx′=?cos x?′·x-cos x·?x?′x2=-x·sin x-cos xx2=-xsin x+cos xx2.跟蹤訓(xùn)練2 求下列函數(shù)的導(dǎo)數(shù)(1)y=tan x; (2)y=2sin x2cos x2解析:(1)y=tan x=sin xcos x,故y′=?sin x?′cos x-?cos x?′sin x?cos x?2=cos2x+sin2xcos2x=1cos2x.(2)y=2sin x2cos x2=sin x,故y′=cos x.例5 日常生活中的飲用水通常是經(jīng)過凈化的,隨著水的純凈度的提高,所需進(jìn)化費(fèi)用不斷增加,已知將1t水進(jìn)化到純凈度為x%所需費(fèi)用(單位:元),為c(x)=5284/(100-x) (80<x<100)求進(jìn)化到下列純凈度時(shí),所需進(jìn)化費(fèi)用的瞬時(shí)變化率:(1) 90% ;(2) 98%解:凈化費(fèi)用的瞬時(shí)變化率就是凈化費(fèi)用函數(shù)的導(dǎo)數(shù);c^' (x)=〖(5284/(100-x))〗^'=(5284^’×(100-x)-"5284 " 〖(100-x)〗^’)/〖(100-x)〗^2 =(0×(100-x)-"5284 " ×(-1))/〖(100-x)〗^2 ="5284 " /〖(100-x)〗^2

新知探究國際象棋起源于古代印度.相傳國王要獎(jiǎng)賞國際象棋的發(fā)明者,問他想要什么.發(fā)明者說:“請(qǐng)?jiān)谄灞P的第1個(gè)格子里放上1顆麥粒,第2個(gè)格子里放上2顆麥粒,第3個(gè)格子里放上4顆麥粒,依次類推,每個(gè)格子里放的麥粒都是前一個(gè)格子里放的麥粒數(shù)的2倍,直到第64個(gè)格子.請(qǐng)給我足夠的麥粒以實(shí)現(xiàn)上述要求.”國王覺得這個(gè)要求不高,就欣然同意了.假定千粒麥粒的質(zhì)量為40克,據(jù)查,2016--2017年度世界年度小麥產(chǎn)量約為7.5億噸,根據(jù)以上數(shù)據(jù),判斷國王是否能實(shí)現(xiàn)他的諾言.問題1:每個(gè)格子里放的麥粒數(shù)可以構(gòu)成一個(gè)數(shù)列,請(qǐng)判斷分析這個(gè)數(shù)列是否是等比數(shù)列?并寫出這個(gè)等比數(shù)列的通項(xiàng)公式.是等比數(shù)列,首項(xiàng)是1,公比是2,共64項(xiàng). 通項(xiàng)公式為〖a_n=2〗^(n-1)問題2:請(qǐng)將發(fā)明者的要求表述成數(shù)學(xué)問題.

有的學(xué)者還指出,要堅(jiān)持集體主義還必須將集體主義的價(jià)值精神與社會(huì)主義市場經(jīng)濟(jì)的要求結(jié)合起來,批判地繼承計(jì)劃經(jīng)濟(jì)時(shí)代倡導(dǎo)的集體主義,合理地對(duì)其進(jìn)行體系結(jié)構(gòu)的調(diào)整和內(nèi)容的更新,形成新的集體主義。與傳統(tǒng)的集體主義相比,這種新的集體主義應(yīng)具有如下兩個(gè)主要特點(diǎn)。其一,強(qiáng)調(diào)集體的出發(fā)點(diǎn)是為了維護(hù)集體成員的正當(dāng)個(gè)人利益。傳統(tǒng)的集體主義具有片面強(qiáng)調(diào)集體至上性、絕對(duì)性的弊端;新的集體主義必須依據(jù)社會(huì)主義市場經(jīng)濟(jì)的現(xiàn)實(shí)要求,將集體應(yīng)當(dāng)對(duì)個(gè)人承擔(dān)的義務(wù)加以科學(xué)的闡釋。真正的集體應(yīng)該維護(hù)各個(gè)集體成員的個(gè)人利益,實(shí)現(xiàn)組成集體的各個(gè)主體的自我價(jià)值。這種新型的集體主義是對(duì)社會(huì)主義市場經(jīng)濟(jì)條件下社會(huì)關(guān)系的真實(shí)反映,既與個(gè)人主義有本質(zhì)區(qū)別,也不同于傳統(tǒng)的集體主義。其二,要體現(xiàn)道德要求的先進(jìn)性與廣泛性的統(tǒng)一。

民族精神是一個(gè)民族賴以生存和發(fā)展的精神支撐。一個(gè)民族,沒有振奮的精神和高尚的品格,不可能自立于世界民族之林?!拌F人”精神是“愛國、創(chuàng)業(yè)、求實(shí)、奉獻(xiàn)”的大慶精神的典型化、人格化。其主要方面包括:“為祖國分憂、為民族爭氣”的愛國主義精神;為“早日把中國石油落后的帽子甩到太平洋里去”,“寧肯少活二十年,拼命也要拿下大油田”的忘我拼搏精神;干事業(yè)“有條件要上,沒有條件創(chuàng)造條件也要上”的艱苦奮斗精神;“要為油田負(fù)責(zé)一輩子”,“干工作要經(jīng)得起子孫萬代檢查”,對(duì)工作精益求精,為革命“練一身硬功夫、真本事”的科學(xué)求實(shí)精神;不計(jì)名利,不計(jì)報(bào)酬,埋頭苦干的“老黃牛”精神;等等。40多年來,“鐵人”精神早已家喻戶曉,深入人心,成為大慶人的共同理想、信念和行為準(zhǔn)則?!拌F人”精神是對(duì)王進(jìn)喜崇高思想、優(yōu)秀品德的高度概括,體現(xiàn)了我國工人階級(jí)精神風(fēng)貌和中華民族傳統(tǒng)美德的完美結(jié)合?!拌F人”精神是戰(zhàn)勝困難、勇往直前、不斷取得新勝利的巨大精神力量?!拌F人”精神是我們強(qiáng)大的精神支柱。

1、追求更高的思想道德目標(biāo)的要求(1)在遵守公民基本道德規(guī)范的基礎(chǔ)上,追求更高的思想道德目標(biāo),是一個(gè)不斷改造主觀世界的長期過程。積極的、健康的、進(jìn)步的思想道德,總是舊消極的、有害的、落后的思想道德相比較而存存、相斗爭而發(fā)展的。只有形成正確的世界觀、人生觀、價(jià)值觀,真正劃清唯物論與唯心論的界限,社會(huì)主義心想與封建主義、資本主義腐朽思想的界限,科學(xué)與迷信的界限,文明與愚昧的界限、才能切實(shí)增強(qiáng)識(shí)別和抵制各種錯(cuò)誤思潮的能力,為此,必須努力學(xué)習(xí)馬克思主義的科學(xué)理論,堅(jiān)定建沒小聞特色社會(huì)主義共同理想,逐步樹立共產(chǎn)主義遠(yuǎn)大理想?!簏c(diǎn)撥:“專家點(diǎn)評(píng)”說明了共同理想與最高理想的關(guān)系。(1)共同理想和最高理想的區(qū)別:含義不同。根據(jù)馬克思主義的科學(xué)預(yù)見,共產(chǎn)主義社會(huì)將是物質(zhì)財(cái)富極大豐富、人民精神境界極大提高,每個(gè)人自由而全面發(fā)展的社會(huì)。

(三)、中華之瑰寶.民族之驕傲1.我國各具特色的民族文化異彩紛呈.都為中華文化的形成和發(fā)展做出了重要貢獻(xiàn)(1)我國的雕刎建筑藝術(shù)是各族人民共同創(chuàng)造的,都是中華文化的瑰寶。例如:敦煌石窟、云岡石窟;克孜爾千佛洞等,是古代的漢族、鮮卑以及西域各族的藝術(shù)家和勞動(dòng)人民共同創(chuàng)造的。(2)許多少數(shù)民族用自己的語言文字創(chuàng)造了優(yōu)秀的民族文學(xué)。例如:藏族的《格薩爾王傳》、蒙古族的《江格爾》和柯爾克孜族的《瑪納斯》被并為三大英雄史詩。◇注意:民族文化深深地體現(xiàn)著各民族的風(fēng)俗和精神面貌,通過一定的物質(zhì)展現(xiàn),可以表現(xiàn)在建筑、民族文學(xué)、舞蹈、習(xí)俗、信仰、衣著等方方面面。◇點(diǎn)撥:“相關(guān)鏈接”中提到的《江格爾)是蒙古族衛(wèi)拉特郝英雄史詩。史詩的篇幸結(jié)構(gòu)、故事情節(jié)、語言風(fēng)格等具有蒙古族說唱藝術(shù)的特點(diǎn)。從民族文學(xué)角度反映了本民族的文化生活.同時(shí)也為中華文化增添了絢麗色彩?!笳n堂探究:(1)你還知道哪蝗少數(shù)民族舞蹈?它們務(wù)有什么特點(diǎn)?

a矛盾的同一性是矛盾雙方相互吸引、相互聯(lián)結(jié)的屬性和趨勢。它有兩方面的含義:一是矛盾雙方相互依賴,一方的存在以另一方的存在為前提,雙方共處于一個(gè)統(tǒng)一體中;同一事物都有對(duì)立面和統(tǒng)一面兩個(gè)方面,一方的存在以另一方為條件,彼此誰都離不開誰(形影想隨、一個(gè)巴掌拍不響、不是冤家不聚頭)?!九e例】P67漫畫:他敢剪嗎?懸掛在山崖上的兩個(gè)人構(gòu)成一種動(dòng)態(tài)的平衡?!九e例】磁鐵(S極和N極);沒有上就沒有下、沒有香就沒有臭、沒有福就無所謂禍;【舉例】父子關(guān)系(父親之所以是父親,因?yàn)橛袃鹤?,兒子之所以是兒子,因?yàn)橛懈赣H);師生關(guān)系;二是矛盾雙方相互貫通,即相互滲透、相互包含,在一定條件下可以相互轉(zhuǎn)化。 【相關(guān)銜接】P68生物變性現(xiàn)象,雌雄轉(zhuǎn)化現(xiàn)象【舉例】生產(chǎn)與消費(fèi)具有直接統(tǒng)一性

1973年4月的一天,一名男子站在紐約的街頭,掏出一個(gè)約有兩塊磚頭大的無線電話,并開始通話。這個(gè)人就是手機(jī)的發(fā)明者馬丁,當(dāng)時(shí)他是摩托羅拉公司的工程技術(shù)人員。這是當(dāng)時(shí)世界上第一部移動(dòng)電話。1985年,第一臺(tái)現(xiàn)代意義上的可以商用的移動(dòng)電話誕生。它是將電源和天線放置在一個(gè)盒子里,重量達(dá)3公斤。與現(xiàn)代形狀接近的手機(jī)誕生于1987年,其重量大約750克,與今天僅重60克的手機(jī)相比,像一塊大磚頭。此后,手機(jī)的“瘦身”越來越迅速。1991年,手機(jī)重量為250克左右。1996年秋,r出現(xiàn)了體積為100立方厘米、重量100克的手機(jī)。此后,又進(jìn)一步小型化,輕型化,到1999年就輕到了60克以下。手機(jī)的體積越來越小,但功能卻越來越多。以前的手機(jī)是用來通話的,現(xiàn)在的手機(jī)是用來享受的。今天,手機(jī)可以是相機(jī)、游戲機(jī)、音樂播放器、信用卡、電影院……手機(jī)帶來的不僅僅是通信方式的改變,更是生活方式的變革。

◇探究提示:我們可以通過人際交往,閱讀報(bào)紙、雜志、書籍等,欣賞電視、上網(wǎng)查詢、發(fā)送手機(jī)短信、閱讀電子讀物等方式來搜集資料。其特點(diǎn)為:人際傳播是社會(huì)生活中最直觀、最常見、最豐富的傳播現(xiàn)象,具有傳播渠道多、方法靈活、意義豐富、反饋及時(shí)的特點(diǎn)。報(bào)紙、雜志、書籍等,可以通過掃描、編排處理后,顯示在互聯(lián)網(wǎng)上,供廣大讀者使用。電視提供了動(dòng)態(tài)畫面和繽紛的色彩,使人們對(duì)信息的理解變得更生動(dòng)、形象和真實(shí)?;ヂ?lián)網(wǎng)具有傳播同網(wǎng)、全球同時(shí)、受眾主動(dòng)、雙向互動(dòng)的特點(diǎn)。手機(jī)短信用精練的語言傳達(dá)豐富多彩的內(nèi)容,不僅具有娛樂性,還具有情感性、藝術(shù)性耙哲理性,讓人回味無窮。電子讀物實(shí)現(xiàn)了文字、圖像、聲音的完關(guān)結(jié)合,使人在看圖閱文的同時(shí)可以聽音樂、寫文章、做筆記、復(fù)制文件等等。

探究活動(dòng)8(教材第72頁):“結(jié)合生活事例,談?wù)勀阍诿鎸?duì)復(fù)雜事物時(shí)是如何分析和解決矛盾的?”這一探究活動(dòng)是在學(xué)生還不了解主次矛盾的原理時(shí),讓他們回憶自己在生活中有沒有遇到過面對(duì)許多矛盾時(shí)是如何解決的經(jīng)歷。比如,每天面對(duì)很多作業(yè),先做哪門課作業(yè)后做哪門作業(yè),你是如何考慮的?在學(xué)校面對(duì)學(xué)習(xí)、體育運(yùn)動(dòng)和社會(huì)工作,你是怎么安排的?在生活中,你遇到這樣的情況都是怎樣解決的?通過探究活動(dòng),使學(xué)生弄清主次矛盾的原理,學(xué)會(huì)用矛盾分析法分析問題。探究活動(dòng)9(教材第73頁):“你在生活中是如何分析具體問題的?”這一探究活動(dòng),強(qiáng)調(diào)的是“你”在生活中是如何運(yùn)用分析法分析具體問題的,要緊緊圍繞學(xué)生這一中心,首先強(qiáng)調(diào)具體問題具體分析的方法非常重要,這是馬克思主義的一個(gè)原則,是馬克思主義的活的靈魂。引導(dǎo)學(xué)生主動(dòng)運(yùn)用這種分析方法分析看待自己,分析看待社會(huì)??梢越M織學(xué)生進(jìn)行討論、交流,還可以讓學(xué)生撰寫小論文,寫出自己運(yùn)用這種分析方法分析了哪些具體問題,有哪些感受。

2.能力目標(biāo)(1)通過本課的學(xué)習(xí),要求著重培養(yǎng)學(xué)生全面地、聯(lián)系地看問題和分析問題的能力;培養(yǎng)學(xué)生綜合運(yùn)用知識(shí)的能力,以及運(yùn)用所學(xué)知識(shí)分析、處理和解決實(shí)際問題的能力。(2)使學(xué)生初步具有從錯(cuò)綜復(fù)雜的聯(lián)系中認(rèn)識(shí)和發(fā)現(xiàn)事物本質(zhì)的、固有的、內(nèi)在的聯(lián)系的能力,初步學(xué)會(huì)用全面的、聯(lián)系的觀點(diǎn)看問題的能力。(3)使學(xué)生初步具有堅(jiān)持和把握整體與部分辯證關(guān)系的能力,初步具有運(yùn)用系統(tǒng)優(yōu)化的方法安排自己學(xué)習(xí)和生活的能力。在處理問題時(shí),既要看到整體與部分之間的聯(lián)系又要看到它們的區(qū)別,掌握系統(tǒng)優(yōu)化的方法,學(xué)會(huì)運(yùn)用綜合性的思維方式認(rèn)識(shí)事物和處理生活、學(xué)習(xí)和工作中的問題。3.情感、態(tài)度和價(jià)值觀目標(biāo)(1)樹立唯物辯證法的聯(lián)系觀,自覺抵制形而上學(xué)的靜止觀。堅(jiān)持用聯(lián)系的觀點(diǎn)看問題,自覺維護(hù)人類生存的環(huán)境,確信一切以時(shí)間、地點(diǎn)和條件為轉(zhuǎn)移,是我們正確認(rèn)識(shí)和把握事物、在認(rèn)識(shí)世界和改造世界的活動(dòng)中不斷取得成功的關(guān)鍵。
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