
(一)知識與技能1.理解重力勢能的概念,會用重力勢能的定義進行計算。2.理解重力勢能的變化和重力做功的關(guān)系,知道重力做功與路徑無關(guān)。3.知道重力勢能的相對性,知道重力勢能是物體和地球系統(tǒng)共有的(二)過程與方法:用所學(xué)功的概念推導(dǎo)重力做功與路徑的關(guān)系,親身感受知識的建立過程(三)情感、態(tài)度與價值觀1.滲透從對生活中有關(guān)物理現(xiàn)象的觀察,得到物理結(jié)論的方法,激發(fā)和培養(yǎng)學(xué)生探索自然規(guī)律的興趣.2.培養(yǎng)學(xué)生遵守社會公德,防止高空墜物?!窘虒W(xué)重點】重力勢能的概念及重力做功跟物體重力勢能改變的關(guān)系。【教學(xué)難點】重力勢能的系統(tǒng)性和相對性?!窘虒W(xué)方法】啟發(fā)、引導(dǎo)、講練結(jié)合【教學(xué)過程】一、新課引入有句話是“搬起石頭砸自己的腳”,從物理的角度看待這一問題,搬起的石頭有了做功的本領(lǐng),它就具有了能,這種能我們稱為重力勢能。我們今天就來學(xué)習(xí)重力勢能。二、新課教學(xué)

(1)主人公大衛(wèi)·科波菲爾:大衛(wèi)·科波菲爾是《大衛(wèi)·科波菲爾》中的主人公,曾經(jīng)是個孤兒。作家描寫了他從孤兒成長為一個具有人道主義精神的資產(chǎn)階級民主主義作家的過程。他善良,誠摯,聰明,勤奮好學(xué),有自強不息的勇氣、百折不回的毅力和積極進取的精神,在逆境中滿懷信心,在順境中加倍努力,終于獲得了事業(yè)上的成功和家庭的幸福。在這個人物身上寄托著狄更斯的道德理想。(2)《大衛(wèi)·科波菲爾》中的女性形象:在狄更斯筆下,《大衛(wèi)·科波菲爾》塑造了一個個有血有肉的人物形象,每個任務(wù)都給人留下了深刻的印象,尤其是成功塑造了不同性格、不同品德的女性形象:貝西姨婆、艾妮斯、佩葛蒂、克拉拉、朵拉、摩德斯通小姐、米考伯太太、艾米麗……貝西姨婆與摩德斯通小姐的對比,克拉拉、朵拉與艾妮斯的對比更使她們栩栩如生,對貝西姨婆、艾妮斯、佩葛蒂的愛就更深一層,對摩德斯通小姐更是恨之入骨,對朵拉、克拉拉既同情又氣憤。

【教學(xué)意圖】要了解中國傳統(tǒng)文化,必須閱讀古詩文名著名篇。但在中國文化形成過程中影響最大的是什么?可以說是儒家學(xué)說,包括《論語》這部經(jīng)典。《論語》等書是讀書人求仕做官的必修課本,是知識分子的思想言行基礎(chǔ),而且影響到整個社會生活,內(nèi)容包括倫理道德、教育體制、民間習(xí)俗等方面的思想。因此,要了解中國傳統(tǒng)文化,有必要讀一讀《論語》?!窘虒W(xué)設(shè)計】因《論語》的年代已久遠,對學(xué)生而言,要理解透徹文句是比較深奧困難的,因此必須在充分理解文意的基礎(chǔ)上,對《論語》進行思想上的解讀??捎山處煆摹墩撜Z》中概括出幾點與生活、現(xiàn)實相關(guān)的要點,要求學(xué)生分組進行透徹的學(xué)習(xí)和領(lǐng)會,如“小人與君子”、“學(xué)習(xí)的方法”、“教育的理念”等等?!冀虒W(xué)重點、難點〗讀《論語》知儒家思想?!冀虒W(xué)方法〗講解啟發(fā)、探究梳理、拓展延伸。

教學(xué)過程:一、交流誦讀課文技巧?!?jié)奏、韻腳、感情……(5分鐘)二、再讀確定自己的學(xué)習(xí)主題(15分)1、主題提示:音樂美、繪畫美、建筑美簡介詩歌“三美”追求聞一多先生是我國現(xiàn)代文學(xué)史上集詩人、學(xué)者和斗士于一身的重要詩人。他不但致力于新詩藝術(shù)美的探索,提出了音樂美、繪畫美、建筑美的詩歌\"三美\"的新格律詩理論主張,還努力進行創(chuàng)作實踐,寫出了許多精美詩篇。他的新格律詩理論被后人稱為現(xiàn)代詩學(xué)的奠基石,影響深遠。《詩的格律》是聞一多先生系列詩論中最重要的一篇。在這篇論文中,他系統(tǒng)的提出\"詩的實力不獨包括音樂的美(音節(jié))、繪畫的美(詞藻),并且還有建筑的美(節(jié)的勻稱和句的均齊)。\"這一關(guān)于新詩\"三美\"主張遂成為新格律詩派的理論綱領(lǐng)。

請問,作者究竟聽到歌聲沒有?”學(xué)生回答:“沒有?!薄斑@里是比喻,因為這里用得是‘仿佛’一詞……”對,是比喻。也就是說,作者是用歌聲來比喻荷香,是吧?“但是,“荷香與歌聲有什么可比的共同點嗎?”“荷香與歌聲都是斷斷續(xù)續(xù)、若有若無的。”“而且朦朦朧朧的?!薄皩??!昂上愫透杪暥际恰|縷’的、‘渺?!?。這是比喻。這是一種特殊的比喻,錢鐘書先生把它叫做‘通感’。人們通過視覺、聽覺、觸覺、味覺、嗅覺等五官感知外界事物時,在一般情況下,彼此不能交錯;但在特殊情況下,五官功能卻能出現(xiàn)互相轉(zhuǎn)化、彼此溝通的現(xiàn)象叫“通感”,也叫“移覺”。舉幾個例子來說明:詩人艾青曾寫詩這樣描繪日本著名指揮家小澤征爾:‘你的耳朵在偵察,你的眼睛在傾聽……’這也是通感。又如:“那笛聲里有故鄉(xiāng)綠色平原上青草的香味,有四月的龍眼花的香味,有太陽的光明?!保üL(fēng)《葉笛》)

三、指導(dǎo)第一段的背誦,點撥理解句意,強調(diào)關(guān)鍵詞語,注重文言基礎(chǔ)知識教學(xué)。過程中要讓學(xué)生反復(fù)讀背。背誦線索:時間——地點——事件——人物——環(huán)境——活動——天氣——感覺。時間:永和九年,歲在癸丑,暮春之初。地點:會于會稽山陰之蘭亭。事件:修稧事也。人物:群賢畢至,少長咸集。環(huán)境:此地有崇山峻嶺,茂林修竹;又有清流激湍,映帶左右?;顒樱阂詾榱饔x曲水,列坐其次。雖無絲竹管弦之盛,一觴一詠,亦足以暢敘幽情。天氣:是日也,天朗氣清,惠風(fēng)和暢。感覺:仰觀宇宙之大,俯察品類之盛,所以極視聽之娛,信可樂也。四、學(xué)生自讀背誦5分鐘。五、抽一至二名學(xué)生試背課文,教師可作必要的線索提示。第二課時一、聽名家示范朗誦,學(xué)生小聲跟讀。二、復(fù)習(xí)鞏固第一自然段的閱讀背誦。三、朗讀、解析第二自然段,理解文章“由敘入感”的寫作結(jié)構(gòu)。

五.研習(xí)第一段:1.誦讀指導(dǎo)要處理好句中停頓2.請學(xué)生對照注釋翻譯本段重點詞句:學(xué)不可以已已:停止。青,取之于藍而青于藍于:從;比。木直中繩中:zhàng符合,合于。雖有槁暴,不復(fù)挺者,揉使之然也有通又,揉通煣,以火烘木,使其彎曲。然:這樣。翻譯:故木受繩則直,金就礪則利,君子博學(xué)而日參省乎己,則知明而行無過矣。所以木材經(jīng)墨線畫過(再用斧鋸加工)就直了,金屬刀劍拿到磨刀石上(磨過)就鋒利了,君子廣博地學(xué)習(xí)并且每天對自己檢驗反省,就能智慧明達,行為沒有過錯了。3.本段是從哪個角度論述中心論點的?明確:本段是從學(xué)習(xí)的意義這個角度論述中心論點的。荀子認(rèn)為人的知識、道德、才能都不是天生成的,而是后天不斷學(xué)習(xí)獲得的,學(xué)習(xí)的意義十分重大,所以學(xué)習(xí)不能停止。4.本段中幾個比喻句是為了說明什么道理?學(xué)生討論發(fā)言,教師明確:

結(jié)合歷史自古以來,江山美人歷來都是引無數(shù)英雄豪杰競折腰的,如果說英雄選擇了美人卻丟了江山,把所有罪名都?xì)w結(jié)于“女人是禍水”。但是,紂王無道,和有了妲己有必然的聯(lián)系嗎?有人說妲己壞透了,壞透了的妲己如果不是取得紂王的信任是壞不起來的,紂王聽信了妲己的讒言,聽與不聽決定權(quán)在紂王,而不在妲己。強勢永遠在紂王一邊。再來看看西施和楊貴妃:西施是作為越國貢獻給吳國的供品來到吳王夫差的身邊的,楊貴妃更是先是李隆基的兒媳婦被看中而得寵的。所以,西施和楊貴妃這兩個可憐的女人根本沒有自己的獨立選擇,沒有獨立的愛情,如果沒有西施,就會有南施,或北施;如果沒有楊貴妃,就會有李貴妃,王貴妃,總之什么施,什么妃是不能少的,因為那是吳王和李隆基的需要。

【明確】“一夫當(dāng)關(guān),萬夫莫開”言劍閣有易守難攻的險要形勢,暗示中央朝廷的部隊很不容易打進來,因而野心家可以據(jù)險發(fā)動叛亂,“化為狼與豺”,搞地方割據(jù)。如果割據(jù)勢力之間出現(xiàn)矛盾沖突,難免要發(fā)生混戰(zhàn),結(jié)果必定是“殺人如麻”。詩人這番預(yù)言在十多年后就得到了證實:從上元二年到大歷初即有段子璋、徐知道、崔旰等人相繼發(fā)動叛亂。詩人的意圖是要嚴(yán)防野心家發(fā)難。詩人從劍閣的險要引出對政治形勢的描寫。他化用西晉張載《劍閣銘》中形勝之地,匪親勿居的語句,目的在于勸人引以為鑒戒,警惕戰(zhàn)亂的發(fā)生,并聯(lián)系當(dāng)時的社會背景,揭露了蜀中豺狼的磨牙吮血,殺人如麻,這既是描寫蜀道猛獸,又是影射政治黑暗的雙關(guān)語句,表達了對國事的憂慮與關(guān)切,為詩篇增加了現(xiàn)實的內(nèi)涵、深厚的意蘊。唐天寶初年,太平景象背后正潛伏著危機,后來發(fā)生的安史之亂,證明詩人的憂慮是有現(xiàn)實意義的。

①從政府人員組成看,南京政府是一個以資產(chǎn)階級革命派為主體的政府。②從政府頒發(fā)的法令和措施看,這些法令體現(xiàn)了資產(chǎn)階級民主革命的要求,對于發(fā)展民族資本主義經(jīng)濟、資產(chǎn)階級民主政治和文化教育以及改革社會風(fēng)氣,都起了積極作用。③從頒布的《中華民國臨時約法》看,憲法體現(xiàn)了三權(quán)分立的政治體制,體現(xiàn)了資產(chǎn)階級民主主義的要求,是中國歷史上第一部資產(chǎn)階級民主憲法,具有反封建專制制度的進步意義。(2)從南京臨時政府的內(nèi)外政策分析南京政府的根本弱點①未徹底地反封建。它沒有采取比較徹底的反對封建主義的措施,特別是對封建統(tǒng)治的基礎(chǔ)——地主階級土地所有制沒有觸動,這樣,南京臨時政府也就不能真正地把廣大人民群眾動員起來,因而缺乏真正的群眾基礎(chǔ)。

教材分析改革開放后我國的綜合國力不斷增強,人民對祖國統(tǒng)一的愿望越來越迫切。本節(jié)課以“一國兩制”構(gòu)想的提出,香港、澳門的回歸和海峽兩岸關(guān)系的發(fā)展為中心,說明實現(xiàn)祖國統(tǒng)一,完成中華民族復(fù)興是歷史發(fā)展的必然。第一目“‘一國兩制’構(gòu)想的提出”主要講述了“一國兩制”的含義及歷史意義。第二目“香港、澳門的回歸”著重講述了香港回歸、澳門回歸的經(jīng)過及歷史意義,這是“一國兩制”成功的實踐。第三目“海峽兩岸關(guān)系的發(fā)展”講述了大陸注重發(fā)展與臺灣的關(guān)系,促進海峽兩岸的經(jīng)濟文化交流與合作,打破了幾十年來海峽兩岸的隔絕狀態(tài),促進了祖國統(tǒng)一的進程。此外,教材還通過“資料回放”“歷史縱橫”“學(xué)思之窗”等欄目,為學(xué)生學(xué)習(xí)提供了一些詳細(xì)的史料。在教學(xué)中要分析圖表資料,引導(dǎo)學(xué)生理解完成祖國統(tǒng)一大業(yè),實現(xiàn)中華民族的復(fù)興,是任何人也阻擋不了的歷史潮流。

Good expressions that students can choose to use: help the travelers choose which tour to take1. In my opinion, you could/might choose…, because you prefer to…2. …could be a perfect choice for you, for…3. As far as I am concerned, you would enjoy…, for…4. …would probably suit you, because you enjoy/love/hate doing…Step 5 Passage ConsolidationLanguage appreciation:1. You can then spend three days exploring the rainforest with a local guide and enjoying the plants and animals unique to the rainforest. 在接下來的三天里,您可以在當(dāng)?shù)貙?dǎo)游的陪同下,深入雨林進行探索,欣賞雨林特有的動植物。本句主體結(jié)構(gòu)為spend some time doing sth. 2. Inca builders cut stones to exact sizes so that nothing was needed to hold walls together other than the perfect fit of the stones. 印加的建筑工人將石頭切割成精確的尺寸,僅僅憑著石頭間的完美契合,即可穩(wěn)固墻體。本句為so that引導(dǎo)的結(jié)果狀語從句。nothing與the perfect fit為并列成分; other than在句中意為“除了”。Step 6 HomeworkSuppose you will travel to Peru, write a short essay about your three-day tour plan.

Is there a clear purpose for the trip? :Does each paragraph have a clear main idea? Does the writer use the present continuous tense for future plans?Does the writer use commas, stops, and question marks correctly? Are all the words spelt correctly?Are all the proper nouns capitalized?Revise your draft according to your partner's comments.Step 5:The summary of how to write a travel plan.旅游計劃是一種常見的應(yīng)用文寫作。旅游可分為觀光游、文化游、美食游及探險游等不同類型,因此旅游計劃也要根據(jù)不同的旅游目的進行設(shè)計。常規(guī)的旅游計劃需要明確以下幾個方面的問題:Travel planWhen will you leave for? Where is your the destination?How will you get there?What will you do there?How long will you there?Is there a clear purpose for the trip? 為了提升旅行計劃的層級,還需注意以下幾個方面的問題:1.每段是否有明確清晰的主題;2.用一般現(xiàn)在時代替一般將來時;3.用更高級的形容詞詞匯。例如:表達“好”時,不要總用“nice”,我們還可以用“smart, clean, excellent, exciting, beautiful, wonderful, clever, famous, grand”等表達更具有指向性的詞匯;4.用更高級的動詞詞匯。比如:我們可以用“seem stand, lie .get stay, remain, look . sound, become . keep, grow”等代替"be";

This theme of the part is “ Describe people or things in greater detail”. Students have learned the grammar(restrictive relative clauses) in Book 1, and further review and consolidate its structure “prep+relative pronouns(which/whom)” and the relative adverbs(when, where and why), besides students should understand its form, meaning and functions. In this section, students should be able to express the grammar correctly in daily communication and in the writing. 1. Review the basic usages of relative pronouns and adverbs of attributive clauses . 2. Learn to use some special cases about restrictive relative clauses.3. Learn to write sentences with restrictive relative clauses flexibly according to the context.1. Review the basic usages of relative pronouns and adverbs of attributive clauses .2. Learn to use some special cases about restrictive relative clauses.3. Learn tow rite sentences with restrictive relative clauses flexibly according to the context.Step 1. Observe the following sentences, and mark the relative pronouns and the adverbs. 1. After listening to the scientists who had studied the problems, and citizens who lived near the dam, the government turned to the United Nations for help.2. Temples and other cultural sites were taken down piece by piece, and then moved and put back together again in a place where they were safe from the water.Step 2 PracticePlease complete these sentences with relative pronouns and relative adverbs and answer the following questions.Questions: 1. What is the head noun ?2. What relative words should be used ?3. What elements do they act in these sentences ?

Listening and Speaking introduces the topic of “Take part in a youth project”. The listening text is an interview about an international youth cultural heritage protection project. More than 20 high school students from seven countries participated in the project. The reporter interviewed two participants Stephanie and Liu Bin. By listening to the text, students can understand the significance of cultural heritage protection, and teenagers can use their knowledge, combine their own interests and advantages, etc. to participate in the action of cultural heritage protection. Listening and Talking introduces the theme of "Talk about history and culture". The listening text is a dialogue between two tourists and tour guides when they visit the Kremlin, red square and surrounding buildings. The dialogue focuses on the functional items of "starting a conversation", which is used to politely and appropriately attract the attention of the others, so as to smoothly start a conversation or start a new topic. The purpose of this section is to guide students to understand the history and current situation of Chinese and foreign cultural heritage in their own tourism experiences or from other people's tourism experiences, explore the historical and cultural values, and be able to express accurately and appropriately in oral communication.1. Guide students to understand the content of listening texts in terms of the whole and key details; 2. Cultivate students' ability to guess the meaning of words in listening; discuss with their peers how to participate in cultural heritage protection activities.3. Instruct students to use functional sentences of the dialogue such as “I beg your pardon, but…” “Forgive me for asking, but…" and so on to start the conversation more politely and appropriately.

1. This section focuses on "Understanding how a problem was solved”, which is aimed to guide students to analyze and discuss the challenges and problems faced by cultural heritage protection during the construction of Aswan Dam, as well as the solutions. On the basis of understanding, students should pay attention to the key role of international cooperation in solving problems, and attach importance to the balance and coordination between cultural heritage protection and social and economic development. Students are encouraged to face challenges actively, be good at cooperation, and make continuous efforts to find reasonable ways and means to solve problems.2. Enable students to understand the main information and text structure of the reading text;3. Motivate students to use the reading strategy "make a timeline" according to the appropriate text genre;4. Enable students to understand how a problem was solved;5. Enable students to understand the value of protecting cultural heritage by teamwork and global community;1. Guide students to pay attention to reading strategies, such as prediction, self-questioning and scanning.2. Help students sort out the topic language about protecting cultural relics and understand the narrative characteristics of "time-event" in illustrative style3. Lead students to understand the value of protecting cultural heritage by teamwork and global community;

The theme of the reading and thinking is about “Understanding how a problem was solved”.The Listening & Speaking & Talking is about international co-work to protect the Mount Tai, in which the students from seven countries came up with many solutions even create the Mount Tai App. This section aims at showing how to solve a difficult and even tough problem about protecting the cultural heritage by the international co-work. So in this section, cultivating students’ international awareness is very clear and important. Concretely, with the economic development, how to balance the protection of cultural relics and social development is a big challenge for human. In the 1950s, the Egyptian government wanted to build the Aswan Dam across the Nile to control floods, produce electricity and water farms. But the proposal led to protests because it would destroy a lot of cultural relics. The Egyptian had no choice but ask the UN for help. Therefore, a international cooperation about how to protect the cultural relics began, which involved the time length about 20 years and a large amount of fund. Then, the problems was solved. 1. Read quickly to get the main idea and the structure of the article; read careful to get detailed information.2. Learn to use the reading strategy---making a timeline3. Learn how to solve a tough problem by asking for help and cooperation4. Have the international awareness and understand the great strength of international cooperation.1. Read quickly to get the main idea and the structure of the article; read careful to get detailed information.2. Learn to use the reading strategy---making a timeline.3. Learn how to solve a tough problem by asking for help and cooperation.

This teaching period mainly deals with grammar “The Present Perfect Passive Voice.” To begin with, teachers should lead students to revise what they have learned about the Present Perfect Passive Voice. And then, teachers move on to stress more special cases concerning this grammar。This period carries considerable significance to the cultivation of students’ writing competence and lays a solid foundation for the basic appreciation of language beauty. The teacher is expected to enable students to master this period thoroughly and consolidate the knowledge by doing some exercises. 1. Guide students to review the basic usages of the Present Perfect Passive Voice2. Lead students to learn to use some special cases concerning the Present Perfect Passive Voice flexibly.2. Enable students to use the basic phrases structures flexibly.3. Strengthen students’ great interest in grammar learning.1. Help students to appreciate the function of the Present Perfect Passive Voice in a sentence2. Instruct students to write essays using the proper the Present Perfect Passive Voice.觀察下列句子特點,總結(jié)共同點。1.(教材P28)Much has been written about the wonders of the World Wide Web.2.(教材P28)But the Internet has done much more for people than simply make life more convenient.3.(教材P28)Many people have been helped by the club.4.(教材P28)She no longer feels lonely, and her company has become quite successful.5.(教材P32)Today I thought I’d blog about a question that has been asked many times—how do you stay safe online and avoid bad experiences on the Internet?

From the pictures in the text and the title--- choose the best app, we can know that this part is about how to save money by using apps.Step 2 While-listening1. Laura and Xiao Bo are talking about apps. Listen to their conversation and find out what apps they want.Xiao Bo is looking for a(n) exercise app to help him get in shape.Laura would like an app for getting rich and another that will make her grades better.2. Listen again. Are the sentences true T or false F?1). Both of Xiao Bo's apps keep track of the steps he takes._____2). Xiao Bo's second app can help him make a fitness plan._____3). Laura needs an app that will help her get discounts.______4). Laura needs an app that will add money to her bank account._______F T F T3. Listen once more and tick the sentence you hear. Underline the words used to express predictions, guesses, and beliefs.Predictions, Guesses, and Beliefs________It might help me walk more.________My guess is that it wouldn't work.________I imagine this app would help me get fit faster________I suppose that would be good.________I guess you could save a little with this app.________I suppose there would be some problems, too.________I believe this app could help me get thinner.

Q5:What's Jan's next goal?Her next goal is to start a charity website to raise money for children in poor countries.Q6:What can we learn from her experiences?We learn that when we go through tough times, we can find help and support from other people online. We learn that we can feel less lonelyStep 5: While reading---rethinkingQ1: What is Jan’s attitude to the Internet ?Thankful/Grateful, because it has changed her and her life.Q2: What writing skills is used in the article ?Examples(Jan’s example, the 59-year-old man’s and the 61-year-old woman’s example)Q3: Can you get the main idea of the article ?The Internet has changed Jan’s life/Jan’s life has been changed by the Internet.Step 6 Post reading---Retell the storyMuch has been written about the wonders of the World Wide Web. There are countless articles (1)telling(tell) us how the Internet has made our lives more convenient. But the Internet has done a lot (2)more(much) for people than simply make life more convenient. People’s lives (3) have been changed(change) by online communities and social networks so far. Take Jan for example, who developed a serious illness that made her (4)stuck(stick) at home with only her computer to keep (5)her(she) company. She joined an online group (6)where she could share problems, support and advice with others. She considered the ability to remove the distance between people as one of the greatest (7)benefits(benefit). She was so inspired (8)that she started an IT club in which many people have been helped. She has started to learn more about how to use the Internet to make society better. Her next goal is to start a charity website to raise money (9)for children in poor countries. Jan’s life has been (10)greatly(great) improved by the Internet.
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