
This unit is about the Internet, which has a great influence to our humans and our lives. During the Listening & Speaking & Talking and Reading and Thinking section, the influence in examples has been shown. Thus, use the Present Perfect Tense is appropriate. However, in order to show the justice or weaken the doer of the behavior/action, it’s better to use the Present Perfect Passive Voice than the Present Perfect Tense. Besides, having learned to use the Present Perfect Passive Voice, students can beautify their language in their writing. 1. Learn the structure of the Present Perfect Passive Voice and its functions. 2. Learn to change the sentences with the Present Perfect Passive Voice into the sentences with the Present Perfect Passive Voice. 3. Learn to write sentences with the Present Perfect Passive Voice flexibly according to the context. 1. Learn the structure of the Present Perfect Passive Voice and its functions. 2. Learn to change the sentences with the Present Perfect Passive Voice into the sentences with the Present Perfect Passive Voice. 3. Learn to write sentences with the Present Perfect Passive Voice flexibly according to the context. Step 1 Observe the following sentences, then change the sentences into passive voice.He has been selected to take part in the sports meeting.(肯定句)他已被挑選出來參加運(yùn)動(dòng)會(huì)。The ink has not been removed from his overcoat.(否定句)墨跡還沒有從他外套上去掉。

Listening and Speaking introduces the topic of “ask about online habits”. Many middle school students have been surfing the Internet for many years, but what they do with the Internet and how much time they spend every day may not be very clear to themselves, nor to other students. This section allows students to investigate their peers' Internet use, which is conducive to their mutual understanding and understanding of the Internet. It can also help them reflect on their own online behavior, learn from other people's good online habits, and get rid of their bad online behavior.The listening text of this section is an investigation interview. The investigators interview specific groups with the same questions to obtain information, so as to understand their views, practices or attitudes on this issue. There are two specific questions: “how much time do you spend online every day? What do you usually do online?”. The answers of the three respondents provide rich and different information, and achieve the purpose of the investigators. The oral discourse structure of survey interviews generally includes greeting and explaining the purpose of the interview, presenting the interview questions and the respondents' answers. Listening and Talking introduces the theme of “choosing the right application ". Listening text is a conversation between Laura and Xiao Bo. In this part of listening, “oink”; “piggy bank” may cause the students' hearing comprehension limitation. Oink refers to sound word and pig's sound. So, add some oink to my piggy bank is often used to describe "making a little money".1. Guide students to understand the content of listening texts in terms of listening for definitions.2. Cultivate students' ability to define words and understand an investigation interview.

Step 5 Practice一、完成下列句子。1. Judy and I _______________(把車停下來(park))in an underground car Park near Trafalgar Square, where we could ______________________(讓我們的車充電(charge)).2. When we finally reached the service desk to ask for audio guides, we heard it ___________ that there were no audio guides____________(留下,剩下).3. We__________________________(發(fā)現(xiàn)自己對...很驚訝)the large number of visitors and the amount of noise at the entrance of the National Gallery.4. Judy ____________________(眼神專注于) Van Gogh’s Sunflowers. It was hard to approach the painting as there were so many people around.5. She ____________________(把這幅畫的復(fù)制品裝箱(box)) to ensure that it was delivered safely.答案:1.had our car parked get our car battery charged 2. announced left 3. found ourselves very surprised 4. had her eyes fixed on 5. had a copy of the painting boxed二、用過去分詞對下列句子進(jìn)行改寫。1. Loch Ness was surrounded by beautiful natural landscape, which made it look amazing.2. Carl and his friend stayed with a generous family who offered them bread with butter and honey that was homemade.3. The family’s ancestors once attended to soldiers who were wounded in the First World War.4. The young people were attracted by the legend of Loch Ness. They watched over the lake with their cameras and binoculars, which were positioned on the hill.答案:1. Loch Ness surrounded by beautiful natural landscape looks amazing.2. Carl and his friends stayed with a generous family who offered them homemade bread with butter and honey.3. The family’s ancestors once attended to wounded soldiers in the First World War.4. The young people attracted by the legend of Loch Ness watched over the lake with their cameras and binoculars positioned on the hill.

This unit is about history and traditions. From the opening page, we can know that this unit will introduce the history and traditions around the world. As Marcus Garvey says “A people without the knowledge of their past history, origin and culture is like a tree without roots”, it is important for students to realize the importance and value of knowing the history and traditions and their further meanings. And this part ( listening and speaking ) is divided into two parts: Part A---share views on historic sites, Part B ---talk about a visit to a historic tourist destination. By talking with a foreigner, the speakers introduce the historic attractions and their cultures. Part A is that William, a British student, who was going to visit the Confucius Temple and a Chinese student, Xiao Kong, who was going to the Confucius Temple to meet with the members of the research group, went together and exchanged their views on the Confucius Temple, Confucius, Confucius' descendants and Confucius' educational thoughts. Part B is a conversation between Xiao Yan, a youth hostel receptionist and Paul, a backpacker about the feelings and experience after visiting the Chinese famous tourist attraction Pingyao.1. Guide students to understand the content of listening texts in terms of the whole and key details; 2. Cultivate students' ability to guess the meaning of words in listening; discuss with their peers how to talk about historic spots and great person.3. Instruct students to use functional sentences of showing one’s excitement, surprise and disappointment.1. Guide students to understand the content of listening texts in terms of the whole and key details; 2. Cultivate students' ability to discuss with their peers the related topics.3. Enable students to use the functional items of showing one’s excitement, surprise and disappointment.

⑦identity theft 身份盜竊⑧chat room 聊天室⑨draft your blog post 起草博客帖子⑩post embarrassing photos 張貼尷尬照片 【話題句式】 1. How do you stay safe online and avoid bad experiences on the Internet? 你如何在網(wǎng)上保持安全, 避免在網(wǎng)上的不良經(jīng)歷? 2. I’m not an expert, but many years as a blogger have taught me a thing or two. 我不是專家, 但作為一個(gè)博主, 我已經(jīng)學(xué)了好幾年了。 3. If you see or read something that makes you feel uncomfortable, leave the site immediately. 如果你看到或讀到一些讓你覺得不舒服的東西, 立即離開這個(gè)網(wǎng)站。4. Don’t give out your address or phone number. 別告訴別人你的地址或電話號碼。 5. Identity theft is a common and serious problem. 身份盜竊是一個(gè)常見而嚴(yán)重的問題。6. Being online is no excuse for being rude, and you don’t want to become a target for a troll or cyberbully. 上網(wǎng)并不是無禮的借口, 你也不想成為發(fā)挑釁帖子的人或網(wǎng)絡(luò)惡霸的目標(biāo)。 7. Trolls often use several false names so that they can stay on a site. 發(fā)挑釁帖子的人經(jīng)常使用幾個(gè)假名, 這樣他們就可以留在一個(gè)網(wǎng)站上。8. However, the more polite you are, the less likely it is you will be attacked. 然而, 你越有禮貌, 你被攻擊的可能性就越小。

Step 5 While reading---Task 3Read the text again and answer the following questions.Q1: How many countries does the UK consist of ?4 Q2: What are the four countries of the United Kingdom?England, Wales, Scotland and Northern Ireland Q3: Which two were the first to be joined together ?England and WalesQ4: What are the two chief advantages of studying the history of a country ?The first one is to help you understand more about the country and its traditions.The second one is to make visiting it more enjoyable.Q5: What’s the author’s attitude towards studying the history ?Supportive/positiveStep 6 Post reading---Retell the textThe United Kingdom, Great Britain, Britain, England—many people are confused by (1)_____ these different names mean. In the 16th century, the nearby country of Wales (2) __________(join) to the Kingdom of England. In the 19 th century, the Kingdom of Ireland was added to create the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland. Finally, the southern part of Ireland (3) ______ (break) away from the UK, which resulted in the full name we have today. However, most people just use the (4)_________(shorten) name: the UK. The four countries (5)__________ belong to the United Kingdom work together in some areas. There were four sets of invaders and the last group were the Normans. They had castles (6)_________(build) all around England and made changes (7)__________ the legal system. Studying the history of the country will make your visit much more (8)_________(enjoy). The capital city London is (9)___ ancient port city that has a history (10)______(date) back to Roman times. 1. what 2.was joined 3.broke 4.shortened 5.that 6. built 7.to 8.enjoyable 9.an 10.dating Step 6 Homework

Features of languages1.Finally, in the 20th century, the southern part of Ireland broke away from the UK, which resulted in the full name we have today: the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland.該句是一個(gè)復(fù)合句。該句主句為:the southern part of Ireland broke away from the UK;which resulted in the full name we have today為which引導(dǎo)的定語從句代指前面整句話的內(nèi)容,we have today為定語從句修飾先行詞name。譯文:最后,在20世紀(jì),愛爾蘭南部脫離英國,這導(dǎo)致了我們今天有的英國的全名:大不列顛及北愛爾蘭聯(lián)合王國。2.Almost everywhere you go in the UK, you will be surrounded by evidence of four different groups of people who took over at different times throughout history.該句是一個(gè)復(fù)合句。該句主句為:you will be surrounded by evidence of four different groups of people;其中Almost everywhere you go in the UK為讓步狀語從句; who took over at different times throughout history為定語從句修飾先行詞people。譯文:幾乎無論你走到英國的任何地方,你都會(huì)發(fā)現(xiàn)歷史上有四種不同的人在不同的時(shí)期統(tǒng)治過英國。3.The capital city London is a great place to start, as it is an ancient port city that has a history dating all the way back to Roman times.該句是一個(gè)復(fù)合句。該句主句為:The capital city London is a great place to start; as it is an ancient port city that has a history dating all the way back to Roman times.為原因狀語從句;dating all the way back to Roman times為現(xiàn)在分詞短語作定語修飾history。

這個(gè)地區(qū)有著深厚的傳統(tǒng)。既學(xué)既練:為了讓更多的外國游客了解中國文化,欣賞中國美麗的自然風(fēng)光,感受中國發(fā)生的巨大變化,某外文雜志社將出版一本英語小冊子來介紹中國的旅游景點(diǎn)。該雜志社邀請你為該小冊子寫一篇英語短文來介紹杭州,內(nèi)容包括:1.杭州的位置(中國東南部)、面積(16 000多平方公里)及歷史(2 200多年)等;2.杭州的旅游特色(自然風(fēng)景、傳統(tǒng)文化、特色小吃等);3.希望更多的游客來杭州參觀。注意:1.詞數(shù)80左右;2.可適當(dāng)增加細(xì)節(jié),以使行文連貫。Located in the southeast of China, Hangzhou is a beautiful city.Dating back more than 2,200 years, Hangzhou covers an area of more than 16,000 square kilometers.In Hangzhou, you can visit the West Lake, whose scenery is fascinating.In addition, you can’t miss its cultural relics and historical sites, from which you will learn more about excellent Chinese traditional culture and traditions.In Hangzhou, the special snacks are famous and visitors from different parts of the world think highly of them.As a tourist attraction, Hangzhou attracts a large number of visitors from home and abroad every year.Once you come to China, Hangzhou is a scenic spot you can’t miss.

choir memberspeople to run food stands people to sell festival ticketspeople to sell music CDspeople to set up equipmentmusical performersStep 2: Listen to the announcement again and answer the questions. ? 1. What kind of songs will Grace Davis sing at the festival?? 2. Who can try out as a performer?? 3. What can those who think they do not have musical talent do?? 4. How can students volunteer to take part?? Talking about preferences:? Would you prefer doing ..?? What would you prefer to do?? Would you rather do .... or ….?? What would you rather do?? I'd prefer .... to ..? I'd rather have ... than .. Step 3: Speaking ProjectWork in groups. Role-play the conversation or make a new one.? Debbie: Where have you been? You missed the announcement about the music festival.? John: I was at the doctor's office. Music festival?? Frank: Yes, it's going to be next month on the school sports field. John, you can play the piano. How about playing it at the festival?? John: Well, I'd rather play the violin. I can play Liang Zhu.? Frank: Wow! Sounds good. What about you, Debbie? ? Debbie: Actually, I don't have much musical ability. I'd prefer just to help out with the crowds.? Frank: You can sell tickets or work at a food stand.? John: So can I assume that the aim of the festival is to raise money?? Debbie: Yes. All of the money will go to charity.

This lesson is about music. Students can classify the types of music through the instruments and its sound and can talk about their preferences about music, even join some activities and play a role in them according to their musical talents. On the basis, they are guided to use the languages to express their preferences and some plosive sounds and their rules.1. Classify the music types through the instruments and its sound.2. Listen and understand what the speakers’ preferences are and the reasons; talk about their own preferences and give their own reasons, using these sentences: “What kind of music do you like? And why? “ “Because it makes/gives me energy/peaceful.../touches my heart...”.3. Learn some plosives and the rules.4. Join some activities and play a role in them according to the talents. 1. Listen and understand what the speakers’ preferences are and the reasons;2. talk about their own preferences and give their own reasons, using these sentences: “What kind of music do you like? And why? “ “Because it makes/gives me energy/peaceful.../touches my heart...”.3. Learn some plosives and incomplete plosives and its rules.Step 1 Lead inPoint at the pictures on P50 and ask Q1: What are the people doing in the pictures below?Q2: What kind of music they are?Then play the MP3s one by oneStep 2 ListeningTask 1: A reporter from the school newspaper is interviewing students about music. Listen to the interviews. Draw lines between the words to make complete sentences. Some words will not be used.

This section focuses on "learning about experiencing music Online". This virtual choir is a new form of music performance. Members from all over the world don't need to love to come to a place. Instead, they use the new technology to model the various parts and wonderful virtual harmony group of music in the family. Students need to understand the main meaning of each paragraph. Finding topic sentences is an important way to understand the general idea of a paragraph. After the topic sentence, it is usually the detail sentence that supports and explains the topic sentence. Some paragraphs have obvious subject sentences, for example, the first sentence of the second paragraph is the subject sentence of the paragraph, and the following sentenceStudents need to pay attention to the topic sentences and key sentences, and then pay attention to how the sentences after the meaning explain, explain and support the topic sentences or key sentences before.1.Guide students to learn about experiencing music online2.Guide students to scan and circle the information in the text.3.Guide students to find the numbers and dates to fill in the timeline.4.Guide students to learn more about music by completing the sentences with the correct forms of the words and phrases. And then make a mind map about the outline of the passage.1. Guide students to pay attention to reading strategies, such as prediction, self-questioning and scanning.2. Help students sort out the main meaning of each paragraph and understand the narrative characteristics of "timeline” in illustrative style.3. Lead students to understand the changes that have been caused by the Internet.

(4)Now we have heard a number of outstanding speeches ... 我們已經(jīng)聆聽了許多精彩的發(fā)言……(5)Because we wanted the nations of the world, working together, to deal with ... 因?yàn)槲覀兿M澜绺鲊鴪F(tuán)結(jié)起來去應(yīng)對……(6)And if we do not act ... 如果我們不采取行動(dòng)……(7)Now, I share the concerns that have been expressed ... 我也同意對于……表達(dá)的擔(dān)心(8)Let us show the world that by working together we can ... 讓我們告訴全世界,通過一起努力我們可以……(9)It is now time for us to ... 是時(shí)候我們……(10)And I have always wished that ... 我一直希望……(11)Thank you for letting me share this day with me.感謝你們和我共度這一天。實(shí)踐演練:假如你是高中生李華,你校將舉辦一次以“音樂”為主題的演講比賽,請你按照主題,寫下你的演講稿。注意:詞數(shù)100左右。First of all, thank you for listening to my speech. My topic is: love music like love yourself.Music is like the air we need to maintain our normal lives around us. You can't imagine how terrible a world without music would be. Movies and TV shows have no music, only dry conversations and scenes; mobile phones only vibrations; streets only noisy crowds; cafes, western restaurants only depressed meals. What a terrible world it is!As a student, I hope we all can enjoy the fun brought by music in our spare time. Instead of just listening to music, we can even make our own music. Let's enjoy the fun of music!Thanks again for your attention!

(3)人民幣外匯牌價(jià):我國通常采用100單位外幣作為標(biāo)準(zhǔn),折算為一定數(shù)量的人民幣。如果用100單位外幣可以兌換更多的人民幣,說明外匯匯率升高;反之,則說明外匯匯率跌落。教師活動(dòng):大家知道匯率是經(jīng)常變動(dòng)的,為什么匯率經(jīng)常變動(dòng)?我國在美國、日本等國再三施加壓力的情況下,為什么保持匯率穩(wěn)定,人民幣不升值?學(xué)生活動(dòng):學(xué)生就老師提出的問題去閱讀教材;然后展開討論,并回答(4)保持人民幣幣值穩(wěn)定的意義教師點(diǎn)評:影響匯率變動(dòng)的因素主要有:外匯的供求關(guān)系、通貨膨脹(或緊縮)率的差異、經(jīng)濟(jì)增長率、利率水平、國家貨幣當(dāng)局的干預(yù)與管制、市場預(yù)期、外匯投機(jī)活動(dòng)等。外匯在國家經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展和國際貿(mào)易中具有重要的作用:通過匯率的升降調(diào)節(jié)進(jìn)出口貿(mào)易;可以影響國際資本的流動(dòng)方向和數(shù)量;可以影響國內(nèi)物價(jià)水平;影響外匯儲備的實(shí)際價(jià)值等。

生:環(huán)境承載力是指環(huán)境能持續(xù)供養(yǎng)的人口數(shù)量。師:對了。但是有同學(xué)仍然會(huì)感到這是一個(gè)很抽象的概念。下面我們具體來了解什么是環(huán)境承載力。我們可以從兩個(gè)部分去理解:一、環(huán)境,它主要是指環(huán)境的單個(gè)要素(如:土地、水、氣候、植被等。)及其組合方式。二、是承載力,它指在特定的條件下,具體某事物能承受的某種活動(dòng)的最大值。那環(huán)境承載力的科學(xué)定義是怎樣表達(dá)的呢?生:環(huán)境承載力是指某一時(shí)期,某種狀態(tài)條件下,某地區(qū)環(huán)境所能承受的人類活動(dòng)作用的閾值。師:很對。 我們可以用一個(gè)生動(dòng)的例子來說明。一只木桶里面的水的多少在底面積固定不變的情況下是由哪塊木板來決定?生:最短的那塊。師:確實(shí)如此。這就是我們平常所講的 “木桶效應(yīng)”。那影響環(huán)境承載力的大小也是由環(huán)境個(gè)要素里面最緊缺的那個(gè)要素來決定的。下面我們用一個(gè)例子來印證一下。

[補(bǔ)充]:鄭州是特大城市,我們對燈火通明的夜晚都有深刻的體會(huì),我們都體會(huì)過光給他們帶來的好處,而對過多過亮的光帶來的危害則很少認(rèn)真地思考過,且光污染給都市人們和其他生物和環(huán)境帶來的不利影響也越來越大,所以,我在這兒給同學(xué)們補(bǔ)充光污染,目的是提醒他們要增強(qiáng)環(huán)保意識,要理解城市在建設(shè)過程中要減少城市各類活動(dòng)對環(huán)境的污染;另外,隨著城市的不斷發(fā)展,還可能會(huì)產(chǎn)生新 的污染物。還培養(yǎng)了學(xué)生用發(fā)展的眼光來看世界。[思考]:如何降低城市化對地理環(huán)境產(chǎn)生的影響?[答]:發(fā)展生態(tài)城市,使人工環(huán)境和自然環(huán)境和諧統(tǒng)一起來。一方面在城市建設(shè)中,要發(fā)展低污染的節(jié)能建筑和綠色交通,減少城市各類活動(dòng)對環(huán)境的污染;另一方面使城市景觀盡可能地與山、河、湖、海、植被等自然景觀保持協(xié)調(diào),建立一種良性循環(huán)。

1、第一,材料一和材料二的選舉方式有什么異同?(1)相同點(diǎn):①都采用了演講和答辯等形式,都帶有競選的性質(zhì);②都采用無記名、直接選舉的方式進(jìn)行投票選舉;③都屬于差額選舉。(2)不同點(diǎn):①材料一是對村主任進(jìn)行的正式選舉,結(jié)果是直接產(chǎn)生村主任,材料二是對鎮(zhèn)長候選人進(jìn)行的選舉,結(jié)果只是確定鎮(zhèn)長候選人,鎮(zhèn)長人選還有待進(jìn)行正式選舉;②材料一是全體村民都參加選舉,材料二是各戶派代表參加選舉;③材料二比材料一更強(qiáng)調(diào)競選的方式。第二,你還知道哪些選舉方式?除了直接選舉外,還有間接選舉、等額選舉、差額選舉等。第三,你能對這幾種選舉方式的意義和效果,作出自己的評估嗎?這是學(xué)習(xí)中要探究的問題,這里不一定能回答出來,等到學(xué)完本框內(nèi)容后,可以得出比較明確的答案。第四,材料三給了你什么啟示?這個(gè)問題不要求統(tǒng)一的答案,能講出一兩點(diǎn)即可。提示如下:(1)新中國成立后,選舉制度經(jīng)歷半個(gè)多世紀(jì)的發(fā)展,正在逐步走向完善;

環(huán)境問題 是伴著人口問題、資源問題和發(fā)展問題產(chǎn)生。本質(zhì)是發(fā)展問題 ,可持續(xù)發(fā)展。6分析可持續(xù)發(fā)展的概念、內(nèi)涵和 原則?可持續(xù)發(fā)展的含義:可持續(xù)發(fā)展是這樣的發(fā)展,它既滿足當(dāng)代人的需求,而又不損害后代人滿足其需求的能力??沙掷m(xù)發(fā)展的內(nèi)涵:生態(tài)持續(xù)發(fā)展 ,發(fā)展的基礎(chǔ);經(jīng)濟(jì)持續(xù)發(fā)展,發(fā)展條件;社會(huì)持續(xù)發(fā)展,發(fā)展目的??沙掷m(xù)發(fā)展的原則:公平性原則——代內(nèi)、代際、人與物、國家與地區(qū)之間;持續(xù)性原則——經(jīng)濟(jì)活動(dòng)保持在資源環(huán)境承載力之內(nèi);共同性原則— —地球是一個(gè)整體?!究偨Y(jié)新課】可持續(xù)發(fā) 展的含義:可持續(xù)發(fā)展是這樣的發(fā)展,它既滿足當(dāng)代人的需求,而又不損害后代人滿足其需求的能力??沙掷m(xù)發(fā)展的內(nèi)涵:生態(tài)持續(xù)發(fā)展,發(fā)展的基礎(chǔ);經(jīng)濟(jì)持續(xù)發(fā)展,發(fā)展條件;社會(huì)持續(xù)發(fā)展,發(fā)展目的。

知識與技能1.了解大牧場放牧業(yè)和乳畜業(yè)兩種農(nóng)業(yè)地域類型及其分布。2.通過學(xué)習(xí)大牧場放牧業(yè),學(xué)會(huì)分析農(nóng)業(yè)區(qū)位因素,訓(xùn)練讀圖分析能力。3.掌握大牧場放牧業(yè)在經(jīng)營方式、商品化、專業(yè)化、經(jīng)濟(jì)效益等方面的特點(diǎn)。4.解西歐乳畜業(yè)的形成因素。過程 與方法1.通過對潘帕斯草原大牧場放牧業(yè)區(qū)位因素的分析,學(xué)會(huì)歸納大牧場放牧業(yè)的區(qū)位條件。2.把西歐乳畜業(yè)和潘帕斯草原大牧場放牧業(yè)的區(qū)位條件作比較。情感態(tài)度與價(jià)值觀1.自然條件是農(nóng)業(yè)地域類型形成的條件,人類必須尊重自然規(guī)律,才能天人合一。2.人文條件也越來越大地影響到農(nóng)業(yè)的區(qū)位選擇,事物是發(fā)展的,不能用靜止的觀點(diǎn)看待問題?!窘虒W(xué)重點(diǎn)】1.理解大牧場放牧業(yè)和乳畜業(yè)兩類農(nóng)業(yè)地域類型的區(qū)位因素。2.利用圖表資料分析農(nóng)業(yè)區(qū)位因素的能力。

【教學(xué)重點(diǎn)】1.利用農(nóng)業(yè)區(qū)位因素分析的方法,學(xué)習(xí)水稻種植業(yè)和商品谷物農(nóng)業(yè)的特點(diǎn);2.對比水稻種植業(yè)和商品谷物農(nóng)業(yè)兩種農(nóng)業(yè)生產(chǎn)地域類型,理解在農(nóng)業(yè)地域類型形成的過程中,各個(gè)農(nóng)業(yè)區(qū)位因素對其發(fā)展的影響?!窘虒W(xué)難點(diǎn)】1.學(xué)習(xí)農(nóng)業(yè)區(qū)位因素分析的方法,分析形成農(nóng)業(yè)地域類型的主導(dǎo)因素;2.結(jié)合文字資料與圖示資料的閱讀,初步掌握提取地理信息的基本方法。【教學(xué)方法】自主探究與講議結(jié)合【教學(xué)課時(shí)】1課時(shí)【教學(xué)過程】(導(dǎo)入新課)同學(xué)們,通過前面一節(jié)課的學(xué)習(xí),我們已經(jīng)樹立了農(nóng)業(yè)區(qū)位因素的基本理論,并且有了農(nóng)業(yè)地域類型的一些基本認(rèn)識,學(xué)習(xí)了種植業(yè)和畜牧業(yè)兼有的澳大利亞的混合農(nóng)業(yè),這一節(jié)我們繼續(xù)學(xué)習(xí)兩種以種 植業(yè)為主的農(nóng)業(yè)地域類型——季風(fēng)水田農(nóng)業(yè)和商品谷物農(nóng)業(yè)。

歌?。╫pera)是將音樂(聲樂與器樂)、戲劇(劇本與表演)、文學(xué)(詩歌)、舞蹈(民間舞與芭蕾)、舞臺美術(shù)等融為一體的綜合性藝術(shù),通常由詠嘆調(diào)、宣敘調(diào)、重唱、合唱、序曲、間奏曲、舞蹈場面等組成(有時(shí)也用說白和朗誦)。早在古希臘的戲劇中,就有合唱隊(duì)的伴唱,有些朗誦甚至也以歌唱的形式出現(xiàn);中世紀(jì)以宗教故事為題材,宣揚(yáng)宗教觀點(diǎn)的神跡劇等亦香火繚繞,持續(xù)不斷。但真正稱得上“音樂的戲劇”的近代西洋歌劇,卻是16世紀(jì)末、17世紀(jì)初,隨著文藝復(fù)興時(shí)期音樂文化的世俗化而應(yīng)運(yùn)產(chǎn)生的。歌劇被視為西方經(jīng)典音樂傳統(tǒng)的一部分,因此和經(jīng)典音樂一樣,流行程度不及當(dāng)代流行音樂,而近代的音樂劇被視為歌劇的現(xiàn)代版本。
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