
“Go for it!” is based on “Task-Based Language Teaching”. It adheres to “The authenticity principle”, “The form-function principle”, “The task dependency principle” and “The principle of learning by doing”. These principles all accord with the demands of curriculum focus.In and of Grade Seven (II), “Go for it!”, students have learned “The Simple Past Tense”. And it appears again in of Grade Eight (I). teaches students more about how to talk about events in the past. In addition, it gives affirmative and negative statements in the past tense, such as the sentence patterns “Did you see …?” “Were there …?” “Did you go …?” As the first part of Unit 8, Section A opens with a picture presenting the last school trip in the aquarium and continues with several step-by-step practice activities, which are all good for students to master “The Simple Past Tense”. Doing well in Section A will help students integrate the new target language with that in Section B. Thus, they can describe the events in the past freely and foster their own ability of reflecting and practicing. II. Teaching ObjectivesTeaching objective is the beginning and aim of teaching activities. According to the overall goal of the English elementary course--- improve students' synthetic ability of language application, which should be based on the development of students’ “Language knowledge”, “Language skills”, “Character building”, “Learning strategies” and “Cross-cultural awareness”. The teaching objectives are described as follows(I). Knowledge objectivesi. Master the simple past tense of regular and irregular verbsii. Recite the new words and expressions about the last school trip in the aquarium, including their pronunciation and intonation

Step Ⅶ Role play ( Work on 1b)1. First ask two students to read the dialogue to the class.Sa: How do you get to school?Sb: Well, I ride my bike to the subway station. Then I take the subway.2. Now work with a partner.Suppose you use two kinds of transportation to get to school \Hangzhou\Beijing... (bus, train, subway, walking, bike, etc.) Tell how you get there. You may use the phrases in 1a.3. Then ask different pairs of students to present their conversations to the class.Step ⅧListening1. Work on 2a(1) First ask students to read the list of information that Thomas wants to know.…where Nina lives.…h(huán)ow far from school she lives.…h(huán)ow long it takes to get to school.…h(huán)ow she gets to school.…what she thinks of the transportation.(2) Tell students what transportation and bus stop mean.bus stop 汽車站 transportation n. 運(yùn)送;運(yùn)輸Then tell students we'll hear a recording. Please put a checkmark in front of each thing that Thomas wants to know.(3) Now play the recording for students.( Have students pay attention to the sample answer.) (4) Then correct the answers.

Teaching goals : 1. Words & phrases: babysit ,get back , fishing , rent , think about , decide(on) , tourist etc. 2. How to talk about future plans . 3. 現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)表示將來計(jì)劃或行動(dòng). 4. 特殊疑問句(where , when , how long引導(dǎo)) Important and difficult points : Drills :What are you doing for vacation ? I’m watching TV . When are you going ? I’m going … . How long are you staying ? We’re staying for five days . Teaching aids : cards and a tape ,a large wall calendar . Period 1 Teaching procedures : Step 1Leading in1. Free talk . 2. Put up the wall calendar . T: I’m staying home on Saturday (pointing to next Saturday ).Ss repeat . Ss: I’m staying home on Saturday . T: OK. Today we’ll learn how to talk about future plans. Step 2Pre-task SB Page 13 , 1a . 1. Look at the picture carefully and tell what you see in the picture . 2. Write the activities from the pictures in the box and add some more . 3. Practice reading . Step 3While-task1. Using the activities we write in 1a to make conversations .For example :What are you doing for vacation ? I’m visiting my uncle . 2. Pairwork .Practice in pairs . 3. 用第三人稱練習(xí)對(duì)話.

1 交通工具的比較此活動(dòng)為小組活動(dòng)。學(xué)生通過討論找出到達(dá)某一城市可乘坐的各種交通工具,并選擇最佳出行方式。Teacher:We’re going to Shanghai. How many ways can we use to get there? Yes, there are four ways: by bus, by plane, by train, by ship. Please discuss how you are going to get there.操作建議:(1)學(xué)生以小組為單位展開活動(dòng),談?wù)摫窘M所選擇的交通工具。(2)各組選代表向全班匯報(bào),闡述本組所選擇的交通工具的利和弊。完成任務(wù)所需要的語言結(jié)構(gòu):We can go there by ship. It’s more comfortable and cheaper than any other transportation.We can go there by bus. It’s cheaper but it takes longer time.2 哪個(gè)城市更合適?此活動(dòng)具有挑戰(zhàn)性。假設(shè)中國要舉行2014年世界杯足球賽,分別從歷史,人文,天氣等方面對(duì)各城市(北京,大連,上海,昆明)進(jìn)行比較,選擇最佳舉辦城市。T: Imagine China is holding the 2014 FIFA World Cup. Which city do you think is the best for the World Cup, Beijing, Dalian, Shanghai or Kunming? Let’s work in groups. If you choose Beijing, please join the Team Red. If you chose Dalian, please join the Team White. If you choose Shanghai, please join the Team Blue. If you choose Kunming, please join the Team Green. Please show us its advantages. Then let’s see which team will win.

教學(xué)重點(diǎn)和難點(diǎn):運(yùn)用所掌握的語言描述,比較不同地點(diǎn)的特點(diǎn)。在練習(xí)中學(xué)習(xí)掌握英語比較級(jí)和最高級(jí)的用法。課前準(zhǔn)備分配小組,每組五至六人。通過上網(wǎng)或翻閱報(bào)刊雜志等方法,確定旅游線路,做出基本的旅游計(jì)劃。教學(xué)設(shè)計(jì):本節(jié)課流程圖 學(xué)法指導(dǎo):1.由于這是一堂新課,在教學(xué)中應(yīng)注意面向全體,發(fā)揮學(xué)生的主體性,引導(dǎo)學(xué)生積極參與,激發(fā)學(xué)生的求知欲和學(xué)習(xí)積極性,指導(dǎo)學(xué)生積極思維,主動(dòng)獲取知識(shí),養(yǎng)成良好的學(xué)習(xí)方法。逐步學(xué)會(huì)獨(dú)立解決問題??傊M可能調(diào)動(dòng)學(xué)生的非智力因素促進(jìn)智力因素的發(fā)展。教法選擇:1.電化教學(xué)法2.課堂討論法3.任務(wù)型教學(xué)法采用這些方法的目的是為了充分調(diào)動(dòng)學(xué)生的學(xué)習(xí)積極性,使學(xué)生變被動(dòng)學(xué)習(xí)為主動(dòng)學(xué)習(xí)。通過電腦形象的演示,加強(qiáng)印象,提高興趣,突破難點(diǎn),提高教學(xué)效率,進(jìn)而增大教學(xué)的容量和信息量。充分體現(xiàn)教師為主導(dǎo),學(xué)生為主體的教學(xué)原則。

She shouldn’t go to the party tonight.Step7. TaskT: You know, there are lots of problems in our life. If you are a doctor, please tell us how to solve the problem. I will divide you into 9 groups. Please work in groups. And then choose one of you to report your ideas.The following are the problems:I have a toothache.I am hungry. I have a sore throat.I am stressed out. I have a sore back.I am tired. I can’t sleep.I have a cold. I have a headache.Report: If you have a headache, you should go to bed early. You should see the doctor. You should eat some medicine. You shouldn’t wash your face with cold water.You shouldn’t sleep late.You shouldn’t swim.…..T encourages the students to give advice as much as possible.Homework:1. Chose one of the problems, and write down your advice2. Copy the new words這一步是用于熱身的,同時(shí)也可以讓他們復(fù)習(xí)一部分的表示人體部位的單詞,擴(kuò)充知識(shí).學(xué)習(xí)語言的過程也是一個(gè)不斷積累的過程,復(fù)習(xí)舊知識(shí),增添新知識(shí).通過小游戲,強(qiáng)化學(xué)生對(duì)Does she/he have…這個(gè)句子的運(yùn)用能力.通過復(fù)習(xí),自然的引到下面新知識(shí)的學(xué)習(xí)。充分利用表格,由句子到對(duì)話,再到文章,讓學(xué)生循序漸進(jìn). 提高學(xué)生的綜合語言運(yùn)用能力,運(yùn)用以前學(xué)過的知識(shí)來解決身邊的問題.Period 5 (Section B 3a—3c, selfcheck)教學(xué)內(nèi)容與分析:

本單元主要是學(xué)習(xí)情態(tài)動(dòng)詞can的肯定句、否定句、一般疑問句,肯定與否定回答,以及特殊疑問句的構(gòu)成和用法;復(fù)習(xí)what弓!導(dǎo)的特殊疑問句。本單元主要圍繞“加人俱樂部,談?wù)撟约旱哪芰Α边@一話題,設(shè)計(jì)了三個(gè)任務(wù)型活動(dòng):任務(wù)一是:自己的才藝表演,學(xué)習(xí)情態(tài)動(dòng)詞can的用法;任務(wù)二是:自己建立俱樂部,運(yùn)用情態(tài)動(dòng)詞can談?wù)撟约涸谀骋环矫娴哪芰?、喜好和意愿;任?wù)三是:我能成功,主要是復(fù)習(xí)鞏固談?wù)摳髯缘膼酆煤吞亻L的方法。單元知識(shí)系統(tǒng)(樹)Can you/he/she/you dance? 一Yes,I/he/she/we can./No,I/he/she/we can’t.Can Bill play the guitar?一Yes,he can,but he can’t sing.單元總體目標(biāo)通過學(xué)習(xí)情態(tài)動(dòng)詞can的用法,使學(xué)生能夠表達(dá)自己在某一方面所具備的才能;能夠談?wù)撟约旱南埠门c意愿;能夠?yàn)樽约撼闪⒌母鞣N俱樂部制作海報(bào);會(huì)寫招聘廣告。單元重難點(diǎn)一覽重點(diǎn) 難點(diǎn)I.復(fù)習(xí)詞匯:can,play,want2.詞匯:guitar, dance, swim,sing, chess, speak, drum,trumpet,violin,play the guitar3.句型:Can you/he/she/you dance?Yes,I/he/she/we can./No,I/he/she/we can’t.Can Bill play the guitar?

在這一單元中,學(xué)生要學(xué)會(huì)就有關(guān)人與物之間所屬關(guān)系進(jìn)行問答的句子。本單元大量引入有關(guān)運(yùn)動(dòng)的名詞,要求學(xué)生彼此詢問有無此類物品,并做出相應(yīng)的回答。 同時(shí)學(xué)習(xí)表示建議的句型Let’s運(yùn)動(dòng)的形容詞。 本單元所選用的話題來自學(xué)生所喜歡的生活片段,在教學(xué)中生生交流、師生交流會(huì)更融洽,會(huì)促進(jìn)師生彼此間的了解,成功的教學(xué)還會(huì)讓部分學(xué)生養(yǎng)成良好的運(yùn)動(dòng)習(xí)慣和收藏習(xí)慣。 教學(xué)目標(biāo) 1) 語言知識(shí):A.在詢問對(duì)方是否有某物的對(duì)話中學(xué)會(huì)使用do和does引導(dǎo)的一般疑問句; B. 學(xué)會(huì)使用描述性的形容詞來評(píng)價(jià)事物; C. 學(xué)會(huì)在對(duì)話中使用名詞復(fù)數(shù); D. 學(xué)會(huì)用祈使句來向?qū)Ψ教岢鼋ㄗh. 2) 語言技能:A. 學(xué)會(huì)用祈使句詢問某人是否有某物; B. 學(xué)會(huì)向他人提出建議的句子. 3) 學(xué)習(xí)策略:A.通過與同學(xué)討論,做出猜測;

討論喜歡的影視類型及理由:在看過一部影視作品后,大家總是喜歡在一起談?wù)撚耙暤闹饕獌?nèi)容、主要情節(jié)、主要演員主題歌曲、主題音樂等,互相介紹自己對(duì)該影視的看法。教師可以組織一次活動(dòng),分組討論學(xué)生喜歡看什么類型的電影,并說明喜歡的理由。運(yùn)用I like…I don’t like…Because it is…等語言結(jié)構(gòu);然后每個(gè)組選派一名代表向全班學(xué)生闡述本組組員喜歡觀看的電影類型;最后匯總,總結(jié)出全班同學(xué)最喜歡觀看哪一種類型的電影。如果有可能,根據(jù)學(xué)生的選擇放一部(一段)這種類型的影視節(jié)目。通過學(xué)生的討論、調(diào)查,使他們?cè)谕瓿扇蝿?wù)的過程中學(xué)會(huì)詢問和陳述自己或別人在影視方面的喜好及理由,更好地鞏固所學(xué)內(nèi)容。Self Check教學(xué)內(nèi)容Self Check(教材P58)教學(xué)目標(biāo)知識(shí)與能力復(fù)習(xí)詞匯go,movie,action,comedy,documentary,thriller,and,but,scary,funny, sad,exciting;引導(dǎo)學(xué)生復(fù)習(xí)、鞏固“制訂計(jì)劃和打算并談?wù)撓埠煤推珢邸钡哪繕?biāo)語言。

個(gè)性練習(xí)設(shè)計(jì) 閱讀廣告:在日常生活中,人們?nèi)ベI東西之前,一般要閱讀廣告,從廣告中獲取該商品的一些有用信息,包括價(jià)格、性能等。所以給學(xué)生提供有些商品的廣告或讓學(xué)生去商店去閱讀一些商品的廣告,從中獲取商品的價(jià)格,即可以鍛煉學(xué)生的閱讀能力,又能提高實(shí)踐能力。 Self Check 教學(xué)內(nèi)容 Self Check(教材P42) 教學(xué)目標(biāo) 知識(shí)與能力 復(fù)習(xí)詞匯pant,sock,T-shirt,sweater,shoes,color,black,white,red,green,blue,big,short,long,數(shù)字10--31; 學(xué)習(xí)詞匯Zig Zag,clothes,shop,yellow,ask,which;學(xué)會(huì)談?wù)摲b的價(jià)格、顏色、大小和長短;學(xué)會(huì)填寫價(jià)格標(biāo)簽。 過程與方法 運(yùn)用Summarizing和Classifying的學(xué)習(xí)策略。在復(fù)習(xí)教學(xué)中,運(yùn)用聽寫、繪畫、互相詢問調(diào)查與檢測等手段,促使學(xué)生不斷地使用所學(xué)內(nèi)容,從而提高他們靈活運(yùn)用知識(shí)的能力。 情感態(tài)度價(jià)值觀 該部分學(xué)習(xí)內(nèi)容主要是復(fù)習(xí)談?wù)摲b的價(jià)格和顏色以及對(duì)服裝的喜好,能引起學(xué)生的共鳴;通過購物的對(duì)話練習(xí)教學(xué)生學(xué)會(huì)購物時(shí)使用的禮貌用語和如何感謝人。

知識(shí)與能力復(fù)習(xí)詞匯time,morning,breakfast,get up,g0 t0 bed,homework,clock,afternoon,lunch,run,watch TV,evening,dinner,eat,usually,o’clock,thirty,fifteen,take a shower,go t0 school等;引導(dǎo)學(xué)生復(fù)習(xí)、鞏固“詢問和談?wù)摃r(shí)間”的目標(biāo)語言并運(yùn)用所學(xué)知識(shí)安排自己的學(xué)習(xí)和課外活動(dòng)。過程與方法運(yùn)用Summarizing,Classifying和Comparing的學(xué)習(xí)策略。在復(fù)習(xí)教學(xué)中,運(yùn)用聽寫、提問、對(duì)話演練與調(diào)查活動(dòng),促使學(xué)生不斷地使用所學(xué)內(nèi)容,從而提高他們靈活運(yùn)用知識(shí)的能力。情感態(tài)度價(jià)值觀本部分的主要內(nèi)容是復(fù)習(xí)“日常作息時(shí)間”的詢問和表達(dá)。通過互相詢問或談?wù)撟约夯驅(qū)Ψ降淖飨r(shí)間安排和活動(dòng)計(jì)劃,培養(yǎng)學(xué)生良好的作息習(xí)慣和守時(shí)習(xí)慣。教學(xué)重、難點(diǎn)及教學(xué)突破重點(diǎn)復(fù)習(xí)詞匯time,morning,breakfast,get up,g0 to bed,homework,clock,afternoon,lunch,run,watch TV,evening,dinner,eat,usually,o’clock,thirty,fifteen,take a shower,go to school等;引導(dǎo)學(xué)生復(fù)習(xí)、鞏固“詢問和談?wù)摃r(shí)間”的目標(biāo)語言。

1. First, ... then, ... next, ... finally, ...首先,……然后,……接著,……最后,……這是英語中表達(dá)做某事的步驟的一種說法。如果步驟較多,還可以說:first-next-after that-later on-finally/at last通常你會(huì)聽到說英語國家的人在說 first, next, then, finally 和后面的內(nèi)容時(shí),他們會(huì)做一些停頓。這樣就能提前告訴聽者接下來講的是一系列的步驟。這一點(diǎn)在朗讀和聽力中應(yīng)特別注意。2. how many, how much均為疑問詞,同是“多少”,但用法不同。請(qǐng)看:how many修飾可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù),how much修飾不可數(shù)名詞。但在用法上,同學(xué)們常犯如下錯(cuò)誤:1) [誤] How many are there bananas on the table?[正] How many bananas are there on the table?[析] how many, how much 中的many,much是形容詞,常修飾名詞作定語,故后面跟名詞。2) [誤]How much tea are there on the table?[正]How much tea is there on the table?[析] how much修飾不可數(shù)名詞時(shí),謂語動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)。how many與how much的區(qū)別可簡記為:前how many:問“多少”,復(fù)數(shù)名詞后面跑;how much問“多少”,不可數(shù)名詞單數(shù)好。前者答語用基數(shù)詞,后者答語用數(shù)量關(guān)系。

一、 教學(xué)內(nèi)容Section A 1a----1c二、 教學(xué)目標(biāo)1.學(xué)習(xí)詞匯do the dishes, make the bed, take out the trash, fold the clothes, do the laundry, sweep the floor, clean the living room.2.句型 Could you please clean your room? Yes, sure.三、 教學(xué)準(zhǔn)備 學(xué)生預(yù)習(xí)本單元所有的詞匯多媒體課件 活動(dòng)表 獎(jiǎng)品四、 教學(xué)過程Pre-task1. Warming upEnjoy ourselves. Watch cartoon Cinderella. 看動(dòng)畫片段《灰姑娘》導(dǎo)如入本課話題和新詞匯“chores”美麗善良的鬼姑娘因繼母的嫉妒,每天得做所有的家務(wù)。片段的主題使學(xué)生聯(lián)想到本課的話題。2. learn new words and phrasesLook! What is she / he dong? 看圖學(xué)習(xí)動(dòng)詞詞組do chores, do the dishes, make the bed, take out the trash, fold the clothes, do the laundry, clean the living room.3. Guessing game.What is she doing ? 4. Pair work. 1a, Do you do these things at home? Write “Y” for “yes” and “N” for “no”.5. Listening . 1b , Peter’s chores or Mom’s chores?理解目標(biāo)語Could you please clean your room? Yes, sure.Write “M” for Mom’s chores, “P” for Peter’s chores in the chart.6. PairworkLook at the picture,Ask your partner to do the chores that you see. 7. Interview Who is the most able at home? 1) What chores do you do at home? How often do you do the chores? Work in four, interview each of the students in the group, fill in the chart.

二、說教學(xué)目標(biāo) 此詩的教學(xué)目的是: 1.訓(xùn)練學(xué)生行行朗讀,字字思考,推敲詩文的意思;啟發(fā)學(xué)生處處想象,揣摩詩的意境,體會(huì)詩人的感受。 2.指導(dǎo)朗讀,要求在朗讀中傳達(dá)出對(duì)詩意的理解,對(duì)詩境的感悟。 3.激發(fā)學(xué)生學(xué)習(xí)古詩的興趣。 三、說教學(xué)方法 (一)、研究題意,自讀自學(xué) 1.出示課題。啟發(fā)學(xué)生從課題確定這首詩所寫的時(shí)間、地點(diǎn)和事情,并推想人物。教師隨學(xué)生回答,在黑板上用簡筆畫畫出月亮、星星、山巒、寺廟;此時(shí),只簡畫一座寺廟,沒有樓;為了顯示高度,在山腰上端橫一筆云。同時(shí)出示“宿”“寺”卡片,正音、釋義。 【畫簡筆畫的目的是引導(dǎo)學(xué)生進(jìn)入詩的意境,教給學(xué)生據(jù)文想象的方法,為理解詩意奠定基礎(chǔ)。為了充分運(yùn)用課文插圖,板畫構(gòu)圖力求與插圖相仿?!俊 ?.讓學(xué)生觀察板畫,再觀賞插圖,然后要求他們用一個(gè)詞來表達(dá)自己的感覺。教師在學(xué)生提出的詞中選取“高”,并板書。告訴學(xué)生:這首詩是唐朝詩人李白寫自己夜宿山寺的親身感受;全詩四行詩句,都是圍繞著“高”來寫的。

二、說教學(xué)目標(biāo)。 1.能用正確的情感來朗讀小鳥與大樹、樹根、門和小女孩四個(gè)對(duì)話。(知識(shí)目標(biāo)) 2.進(jìn)一步鞏固默讀和朗讀能力,學(xué)會(huì)多元交流,多向?qū)υ挕?(能力目標(biāo)) 3.體會(huì)小鳥與大樹間真摯的友情,使學(xué)生感悟到真正的友情是建立在誠信的基礎(chǔ)上的。

1.會(huì)用二次根式的四則運(yùn)算法則進(jìn)行簡單地運(yùn)算;(重點(diǎn))2.靈活運(yùn)用二次根式的乘法公式.(難點(diǎn))一、情境導(dǎo)入下面正方形的邊長分別是多少?這兩個(gè)數(shù)之間有什么關(guān)系,你能借助什么運(yùn)算法則或運(yùn)算律解釋它?二、合作探究探究點(diǎn)一:二次根式的乘除運(yùn)算【類型一】 二次根式的乘法計(jì)算:(1)3×5; (2)13×27;(3)2xy×1x; (4)14×7.解:(1)3×5=15;(2)13×27=13×27=9=3;(3)2xy×1x=2xy×1x=2y;(4)14×7=14×7=72×2=72.方法總結(jié):幾個(gè)二次根式相乘,把它們的被開方數(shù)相乘,根指數(shù)不變,如果積含有能開得盡方的因數(shù)或因式,一定要化簡.【類型二】 二次根式的除法計(jì)算a2-2a÷a的結(jié)果是()A.-a-2 B.--a-2C.a-2 D.-a-2解析:原式=a2-2aa=a(a-2)a=a-2.故選C.

本節(jié)課開始時(shí),首先由一個(gè)要在一塊長方形木板上截出兩塊面積不等的正方形,引導(dǎo)學(xué)生得出兩個(gè)二次根式求和的運(yùn)算。從而提出問題:如何進(jìn)行二次根式的加減運(yùn)算?這樣通過問題指向本課研究的重點(diǎn),激發(fā)學(xué)生的學(xué)習(xí)興趣和強(qiáng)烈的求知欲望。本節(jié)課是二次根式加減法,目的是探索二次根式加減法運(yùn)算法則,在設(shè)計(jì)本課時(shí)教案時(shí),著重從以下幾點(diǎn)考慮:1.先通過對(duì)實(shí)際問題的解決來引入二次根式的加減運(yùn)算,再由學(xué)生自主討論并總結(jié)二次根式的加減運(yùn)算法則。2.四人小組探索、發(fā)現(xiàn)、解決問題,培養(yǎng)學(xué)生用數(shù)學(xué)方法解決實(shí)際問題的能力。3.對(duì)法則的教學(xué)與整式的加減比較學(xué)習(xí)。在理解、掌握和運(yùn)用二次根式的加減法運(yùn)算法則的學(xué)習(xí)過程中,滲透了分析、概括、類比等數(shù)學(xué)思想方法,提高學(xué)生的思維品質(zhì)和興趣。

1.關(guān)于二次根式的概念,要注意以下幾點(diǎn):(1)從形式上看,二次根式是以根號(hào)“ ”表示的代數(shù)式,這里的開方運(yùn)算是最后一步運(yùn)算。如 , 等不是二次根式,而是含有二次根式的代數(shù)式或二次根式的運(yùn)算;(2)當(dāng)一個(gè)二次根式前面乘有一個(gè)有理數(shù)或有理式(整式或分式)時(shí),雖然最后運(yùn)算不是開方而是乘法,但為了方便起見,我們把它看作一個(gè)整體仍叫做二次根式,而前面與其相乘的有理數(shù)或有理式就叫做二次根式的系數(shù);(3)二次根式的被開方數(shù),可以是某個(gè)確定的非負(fù)實(shí)數(shù),也可以是某個(gè)代數(shù)式表示的數(shù),但其中所含字母的取值必須使得該代數(shù)式的值為非負(fù)實(shí)數(shù);(4)像“ , ”等雖然可以進(jìn)行開方運(yùn)算,但它們?nèi)詫儆诙胃健?.二次根式的主要性質(zhì)(1) ; (2) ; (3) ;(4)積的算術(shù)平方根的性質(zhì): ;(5)商的算術(shù)平方根的性質(zhì): ;

方法總結(jié):(1)若被開方數(shù)中含有負(fù)因數(shù),則應(yīng)先化成正因數(shù),如(3)題.(2)將二次根式盡量化簡,使被開方數(shù)(式)中不含能開得盡方的因數(shù)(因式),即化為最簡二次根式(后面學(xué)到).探究點(diǎn)三:最簡二次根式在二次根式8a,c9,a2+b2,a2中,最簡二次根式共有()A.1個(gè) B.2個(gè)C.3個(gè) D.4個(gè)解析:8a中有因數(shù)4;c9中有分母9;a3中有因式a2.故最簡二次根式只有a2+b2.故選A.方法總結(jié):只需檢驗(yàn)被開方數(shù)是否還有分母,是否還有能開得盡方的因數(shù)或因式.三、板書設(shè)計(jì)二次根式定義形如a(a≥0)的式子有意義的條件:a≥0性質(zhì):(a)2=a(a≥0),a2=a(a≥0)最簡二次根式本節(jié)經(jīng)歷從具體實(shí)例到一般規(guī)律的探究過程,運(yùn)用類比的方法,得出實(shí)數(shù)運(yùn)算律和運(yùn)算法則,使學(xué)生清楚新舊知識(shí)的區(qū)別和聯(lián)系,加深學(xué)生對(duì)運(yùn)算法則的理解,能否根據(jù)問題的特點(diǎn),選擇合理、簡便的算法,能否確認(rèn)結(jié)果的合理性等等.

屬于此類問題一般有以下三種情況①具體數(shù)字,此時(shí)化簡的條件已暗中給定,②恒為非負(fù)值或根據(jù)題中的隱含條件,如(1)小題。③給出明確的條件,如(2)小題。第二類,需討論后再化簡。當(dāng)題目中給定的條件不能判定絕對(duì)值符號(hào)內(nèi)代數(shù)式值的符號(hào)時(shí),則需討論后化簡,如(4)小題。例3.已知a+b=-6,ab=5,求 的值。解:∵ab=5>0,∴a,b同號(hào),又∵a+b=-6<0,∴a<0,b<0∴ .說明:此題中的隱含條件a<0,b<0不能忽視。否則會(huì)出現(xiàn)錯(cuò)誤。例4.化簡: 解:原式=|x-6|-|1+2x|+|x+5|令x-6=0,得x=6,令1+2x=0,得 ,令x+5=0,得x=-5.這樣x=6, ,x=-5,把數(shù)軸分成四段(四個(gè)區(qū)間)在這五段里分別討論如下:當(dāng)x≥6時(shí),原式=(x-6)-(1+2x)+(x+5)=-2.當(dāng) 時(shí),原式=-(x-6)-(1+2x)+(x+5)=-2x+10.當(dāng) 時(shí),原式=-(x-6)-[-(1+2x)]+(x+5)=2x+12.當(dāng)x<-5時(shí),原式=-(x-6)+(1+2x)-(x+5)=2.說明:利用公式 ,如果絕對(duì)值符號(hào)里面的代數(shù)式的值的符號(hào)無法決定,則需要討論。方法是:令每一個(gè)絕對(duì)值內(nèi)的代數(shù)式為零,求出對(duì)應(yīng)的“零點(diǎn)”,再用這些“零點(diǎn)”把數(shù)軸分成若干個(gè)區(qū)間,再在每個(gè)區(qū)間內(nèi)進(jìn)行化簡。
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