
The theme of this section is to learn how to make emergency calls. Students should learn how to make emergency calls not only in China, but also in foreign countries in English, so that they can be prepared for future situations outside the home.The emergency telephone number is a vital hotline, which should be the most clear, rapid and effective communication with the acute operator.This section helps students to understand the emergency calls in some countries and the precautions for making emergency calls. Through the study of this section, students can accumulate common expressions and sentence patterns in this context. 1.Help students accumulate emergency telephone numbers in different countries and learn more about first aid2.Guide the students to understand the contents and instructions of the telephone, grasp the characteristics of the emergency telephone and the requirements of the emergency telephone.3.Guide students to understand the first aid instructions of the operators.4.Enable Ss to make simulated emergency calls with their partners in the language they have learned1. Instruct students to grasp the key information and important details of the dialogue.2. Instruct students to conduct a similar talk on the relevant topic.Step1:Look and discuss:Match the pictures below to the medical emergencies, and then discuss the questions in groups.

【詞匯精講】highlight n.最好或最精彩的部分 vt.突出;強調;使醒目One of the highlights of the trip was seeing the Taj Mahal.這次旅行的亮點之一是參觀泰姬陵。Your resume should highlight your skills and achievements.你的簡歷應該突出你的技能和成就。The report highlights the major problems facing society today.報告強調了當今社會所面臨的主要問題。I’ve highlighted the important passages in yellow.我用黃色標出了重要段落。7.Edmonton is freezing cold in winter,with daily temperatures averaging -10 ℃.埃德蒙頓冬季寒冷,日平均氣溫為-10°C?!驹~匯精講】freezing adj.極冷的;冰凍的Leave a basin of water outside in freezing weather.在冰凍的天氣里,放一盆水在室外。It’s freezing cold outside so wear a warm coat.外面超冷的,所以穿一個暖和一點的外套吧。8.It was not until 9:30 a.m.that they finally reached the capital of Ontario,Toronto.直到上午9時30分,他們才終于到達多倫多的首府安大略省?!揪涫狡饰觥勘揪涫且粋€強調句,強調的是句子的時間狀語until 9:30。含有not...until...的句子的強調句為It is not until...that...,that后面的句子要用肯定形式。It was not until then that I suddenly realized nobody was happier than I was.直到那時我才突然意識到沒有人比我更幸福了。

The theme of this section is to express people's views on studying abroad. With the continuous development of Chinese economic construction, especially the general improvement of people's living standards, the number of Chinese students studying abroad at their own expense is on the rise. Many students and parents turn their attention to the world and regard studying abroad as an effective way to improve their quality, broaden their horizons and master the world's advanced scientific knowledge, which is very important for the fever of going abroad. Studying abroad is also an important decision made by a family for their children. Therefore, it is of great social significance to discuss this issue. The theme of this section is the column discussion in the newspaper: the advantages and disadvantages of studying abroad. The discourse is about two parents' contribution letters on this issue. They respectively express their own positions. One thinks that the disadvantages outweigh the advantages, and the other thinks that the advantages outweigh the disadvantages. The two parents' arguments are well founded and logical. It is worth noting that the two authors do not express their views on studying abroad from an individual point of view, but from a national or even global point of view. These two articles have the characteristics of both letters and argumentative essays1.Guide the students to read these two articles, and understand the author's point of view and argument ideas2.Help the students to summarize the structure and writing methods of argumentative writing, and guides students to correctly understand the advantages and disadvantages of studying abroad3.Cultivate students' ability to analyze problems objectively, comprehensively and deeply

The theme of the listening section is " talking about scenery and culture along a journey."The part is designed to further lead the students to understand Canadian natural geography and social environment, and integrated into the cultural contrast by mentioning the long train journey from Beijing to Moscow routes. On this basis, the part activates students related travel experience, lets the student serial dialogue, guides the student to explore further the pleasure and meaning of the long journey, and Chinese and foreign cultural comparison.The part also provides a framework for the continuation of the dialogue, which is designed to provide a framework for students to successfully complete their oral expressions, and to incorporate an important trading strategy to end the dialogue naturally.1. Help students to understand and master some common English idioms in the context, and experience the expression effect of English idioms.2. Guide the students to understand the identity of different people in the listening context, and finish the dialogue according to their own experience.3. Instruct the students to use appropriate language to express surprise and curiosity about space and place in the dialogue, and master the oral strategy of ending the dialogue naturally.1. Instruct students to grasp the key information and important details of the dialogue.2. Instruct students to conduct a similar talk on the relevant topic.

The theme of this activity is to learn the first aid knowledge of burns. Burns is common in life, but there are some misunderstandings in manual treatment. This activity provides students with correct first aid methods, so as not to take them for granted in an emergency. This section guides students to analyze the causes of scald and help students avoid such things. From the perspective of text structure and collaborative features, the text is expository. Expository, with explanation as the main way of expression, transmits knowledge and information to readers by analyzing concepts and elaborating examples. This text arranges the information in logical order, clearly presents three parts of the content through the subtitle, accurately describes the causes, types, characteristics and first aid measures of burns, and some paragraphs use topic sentences to summarize the main idea, and the level is very clear.1. Guide students to understand the causes, types, characteristics and first aid methods of burns, through reading2. Enhance students’ ability to deal withburnss and their awareness of burns prevention3. Enable students to improve the ability to judge the types of texts accurately and to master the characteristics and writing techniques of expository texts.Guide students to understand the causes, types, characteristics and first aid methods of burns, through readingStep1: Lead in by discussing the related topic:1. What first-aid techniques do you know of ?CPR; mouth to mouth artificial respiration; the Heimlich Manoeuvre

3、總結(這部分要5分鐘)學生在教師的提示和問題的引導下,完成對本節(jié)課的知識的歸納和小結。利用簡煉、清晰的語言,再一次的突出本節(jié)課的重點,起到畫龍點睛的作用,培養(yǎng)了學生的表達能力。4、鞏固練習(這部分要10分鐘)用大屏幕投影把題目投影在屏幕上,讓學生思考,然后回答。這部分安排10分鐘的時間,讓學生思考完成具有針對性的練習,進行知識鞏固和教學效果反饋,及時糾正錯誤的理解和片面的認識。5、板書設計在板書中,我根據板書的“規(guī)范、工整和美觀”的要求,結合所學的內容,設計了如圖所示的板書。在其中,注重了重、難點的突出,使學生對知識的結構、層次、重點、難點一目了然,便于記憶和理解。四、效果分析對于反射的判斷,學生仍有可能出現錯誤,如刺激坐骨神經肌肉的收縮,教師應強調沒有完整的反射弧結構參與的不是反射。

(5)根據實驗的第五部分——驗證性實驗結果,證實了達爾文關于植物向光性運動原因的假說――確實存在一種物質致使胚芽尖端產生了向光運動。這樣通過多個實驗的多媒體演示過程,強化學生的思維,最終在學生的大腦中形成科學研究過程的”條件反射”。為了使學生初步學會”設計對照實驗的方法”,首先也利用多媒體的演示實驗,并在其中特意設置一些”陷阱”,通過多次”請學生進入‘陷阱’”,來強化設計實驗時應該控制的變量問題,從而在學生的認知領域里初步構建出設計對照實驗的知識體系。3、歸納總結1934年,荷蘭科學家郭葛等人從植物中分離出了這種能使植物產生向光性的物質,并確定它就是吲哚乙酸。這就真正從化學物質的角度證實了達爾文的假設。在能夠從植物體中分離提取出生長素之后,要想知道:除了能使植物產生向光運動之外,生長素對于植物的器官還有什么作用?可以采用哪種方法來進行試驗?

第二環(huán)節(jié)合作討論,獲得新的知識展示圖片,一塊草地上的全部蒲公英,估算所有蒲公英的數量,引出種群密度的概念?;氐絾栴}即調查蒲公英的種群密度,教師啟發(fā),學生閱讀教材討論總結說出樣方法,以問題承接“一片草地上的所有山羊”怎么知道其種群密度,激起學生認知沖突,進一步思考討論,得出標志重捕法,教師引導學生完成標志重捕法的概念、操作過程,計算公式,并與樣方法進行比較。教師陳述“種群密度是種群最基本的數量特征,反應種群在一定時期的數量,不能反應種群的變化趨勢”引出反映種群變化趨勢的其他特征——出生率和死亡率,遷入和遷出,年齡組成和性別比例。學生討論總結這些特征的概念、對種群密度的影響及對生產生活實踐的指導意義。使學生認同計劃生育國策,關注瀕危動物的種群數量變化。之后引導學生構建種群特征的關系圖。再簡明闡述種群空間特征即:隨即分布,均勻分布、集群分布。第三環(huán)節(jié)反饋練習,鞏固新知識通過對學生練習結果的評價,了解學生對知識的掌握情況。即以學生為核心的教學評價。

1.確定研究對象,明確哪個是解釋變量,哪個是響應變量;2.由經驗確定非線性經驗回歸方程的模型;3.通過變換,將非線性經驗回歸模型轉化為線性經驗回歸模型;4.按照公式計算經驗回歸方程中的參數,得到經驗回歸方程;5.消去新元,得到非線性經驗回歸方程;6.得出結果后分析殘差圖是否有異常 .跟蹤訓練1.一只藥用昆蟲的產卵數y與一定范圍內的溫度x有關,現收集了6組觀測數據列于表中: 經計算得: 線性回歸殘差的平方和: ∑_(i=1)^6?〖(y_i-(y_i ) ?)〗^2=236,64,e^8.0605≈3167.其中 分別為觀測數據中的溫度和產卵數,i=1,2,3,4,5,6.(1)若用線性回歸模型擬合,求y關于x的回歸方程 (精確到0.1);(2)若用非線性回歸模型擬合,求得y關于x回歸方程為 且相關指數R2=0.9522. ①試與(1)中的線性回歸模型相比較,用R2說明哪種模型的擬合效果更好 ?②用擬合效果好的模型預測溫度為35℃時該種藥用昆蟲的產卵數.(結果取整數).

各小組派代表匯報。4、教師提出問題組織學生討論:⑴要想了解更多的綠色食品,了解綠色食品的銷售情況,我們應該怎么做?⑵要想了解廣大消費者對綠色食品的態(tài)度,食用綠色食品的意義,是否懂得辨認綠色食品,以及什么樣的人群對此知識最缺乏等,我們應該怎么做?組織學生匯報交流。5、做個“綠色食品”廣告設計師。為你喜歡的綠色食品設計廣告語,每組推薦一個。6、讓學生了解綠色食品認證程序。7、綠色食品打“假”隊員在行動。8、向學生介紹生態(tài)綠色食品基地。三、活動總結:通過研究、探討,了解學生對綠色食品的態(tài)度。提問:民以食為天,吃,是一個大問題,如果你的爸爸媽媽讓你到超市買牛奶、方便面等,你會選擇什么樣的食品?為什么?希望通過今天的學習,同學們能夠做到綠色消費,也希望你們向自己的家人、向周圍的了解學生對“無公害食品”、“有機食品”與“綠色食品”的認識。

分析過焦作市的地理概況和產業(yè)優(yōu)勢后,就需要針對由于資源枯竭所帶來的問題提出合理化的建議。既然是談經濟轉型,就應該將話題的范圍明確在這一領域內。通過材料3的相關內容,我們了解到焦作市需要在產業(yè)結構調整、培育新的優(yōu)勢產業(yè)、增強綜合競爭力等三個整改方針上下功夫。因而引導學生針對優(yōu)勢與不足提出建議,以三個整改方針為基準,衡量建議的可行性是鍛煉學生解決此類問題的有效途徑。在此我將教會學生的是解決問題方法而非案例的內容,正所謂“授之以魚,不如授之以漁”。接下來針對學生的建議和教材資料分析所羅列的10點整改思路,由學生自由發(fā)言提出看法,通過教師的指導和學生的討論,進而確定經濟轉型建議的具體方案。最后注意將建議與產業(yè)優(yōu)勢相對照,看建議是否都是圍繞著產業(yè)優(yōu)勢而提出的,這樣做會加深學生的印象,通過建議和優(yōu)勢的對應關系,將不難找出此類問題的解題思路。

The newspaper reported more than 100 people had been killed in the thunderstorm.報紙報道說有一百多人在暴風雨中喪生。(2)before、when、by the time、until、after、once等引導的時間狀語從句的謂語是一般過去時,以及by、before后面接過去的時間時,主句動作發(fā)生在從句的動作或過去的時間之前且表示被動時,要用過去完成時的被動語態(tài)。By the time my brother was 10, he had been sent to Italy.我弟弟10歲前就已經被送到意大利了。Tons of rice had been produced by the end of last month. 到上月底已生產了好幾噸大米。(3) It was the first/second/last ... time that ...句中that引導的定語從句中,主語與謂語構成被動關系時,要用過去完成時的被動語態(tài)。It was the first time that I had seen the night fact to face in one and a half years. 這是我一年半以來第一次親眼目睹夜晚的景色。(4)在虛擬語氣中,條件句表示與過去事實相反,且主語與謂語構成被動關系時,要用過去完成時的被動語態(tài)。If I had been instructed by him earlier, I would have finished the task.如果我早一點得到他的指示,我早就完成這項任務了。If I had hurried, I wouldn't have missed the train.如果我快點的話,我就不會誤了火車。If you had been at the party, you would have met him. 如果你去了晚會,你就會見到他的。

The discourse explores the link between food and culture from a foreign’s perspective and it records some authentic Chinese food and illustrates the cultural meaning, gerography features and historic tradition that the food reflects. It is aimed to lead students to understand and think about the connection between food and culture. While teaching, the teacher should instruct students to find out the writing order and the writer’s experieces and feelings towards Chinese food and culture.1.Guide the students to read the text, sort out the information and dig out the topic.2.Understand the cultural connotation, regional characteristics and historical tradition of Chinese cuisine3.Understand and explore the relationship between food and people's personality4.Guide the students to use the cohesive words in the text5.Lead students to accurately grasp the real meaning of the information and improve the overall understanding ability by understanding the implied meaning behind the text.1. Enable the Ss to understand the structure and the writing style of the passage well.2. Lead the Ss to understand and think further about the connection between food and geography and local character traits.Step1: Prediction before reading. Before you read, look at the title, and the picture. What do you think this article is about?keys:It is about various culture and cuisine about a place or some countries.

由樣本相關系數??≈0.97,可以推斷脂肪含量和年齡這兩個變量正線性相關,且相關程度很強。脂肪含量與年齡變化趨勢相同.歸納總結1.線性相關系數是從數值上來判斷變量間的線性相關程度,是定量的方法.與散點圖相比較,線性相關系數要精細得多,需要注意的是線性相關系數r的絕對值小,只是說明線性相關程度低,但不一定不相關,可能是非線性相關.2.利用相關系數r來檢驗線性相關顯著性水平時,通常與0.75作比較,若|r|>0.75,則線性相關較為顯著,否則不顯著.例2. 有人收集了某城市居民年收入(所有居民在一年內收入的總和)與A商品銷售額的10年數據,如表所示.畫出散點圖,判斷成對樣本數據是否線性相關,并通過樣本相關系數推斷居民年收入與A商品銷售額的相關程度和變化趨勢的異同.

一、 問題導學前面兩節(jié)所討論的變量,如人的身高、樹的胸徑、樹的高度、短跑100m世界紀錄和創(chuàng)紀錄的時間等,都是數值變量,數值變量的取值為實數.其大小和運算都有實際含義.在現實生活中,人們經常需要回答一定范圍內的兩種現象或性質之間是否存在關聯性或相互影響的問題.例如,就讀不同學校是否對學生的成績有影響,不同班級學生用于體育鍛煉的時間是否有差別,吸煙是否會增加患肺癌的風險,等等,本節(jié)將要學習的獨立性檢驗方法為我們提供了解決這類問題的方案。在討論上述問題時,為了表述方便,我們經常會使用一種特殊的隨機變量,以區(qū)別不同的現象或性質,這類隨機變量稱為分類變量.分類變量的取值可以用實數表示,例如,學生所在的班級可以用1,2,3等表示,男性、女性可以用1,0表示,等等.在很多時候,這些數值只作為編號使用,并沒有通常的大小和運算意義,本節(jié)我們主要討論取值于{0,1}的分類變量的關聯性問題.

1.對稱性與首末兩端“等距離”的兩個二項式系數相等,即C_n^m=C_n^(n"-" m).2.增減性與最大值 當k(n+1)/2時,C_n^k隨k的增加而減小.當n是偶數時,中間的一項C_n^(n/2)取得最大值;當n是奇數時,中間的兩項C_n^((n"-" 1)/2) 與C_n^((n+1)/2)相等,且同時取得最大值.探究2.已知(1+x)^n =C_n^0+C_n^1 x+...〖+C〗_n^k x^k+...+C_n^n x^n 3.各二項式系數的和C_n^0+C_n^1+C_n^2+…+C_n^n=2n.令x=1 得(1+1)^n=C_n^0+C_n^1 +...+C_n^n=2^n所以,(a+b)^n 的展開式的各二項式系數之和為2^n1. 在(a+b)8的展開式中,二項式系數最大的項為 ,在(a+b)9的展開式中,二項式系數最大的項為 . 解析:因為(a+b)8的展開式中有9項,所以中間一項的二項式系數最大,該項為C_8^4a4b4=70a4b4.因為(a+b)9的展開式中有10項,所以中間兩項的二項式系數最大,這兩項分別為C_9^4a5b4=126a5b4,C_9^5a4b5=126a4b5.答案:1.70a4b4 126a5b4與126a4b5 2. A=C_n^0+C_n^2+C_n^4+…與B=C_n^1+C_n^3+C_n^5+…的大小關系是( )A.A>B B.A=B C.A<B D.不確定 解析:∵(1+1)n=C_n^0+C_n^1+C_n^2+…+C_n^n=2n,(1-1)n=C_n^0-C_n^1+C_n^2-…+(-1)nC_n^n=0,∴C_n^0+C_n^2+C_n^4+…=C_n^1+C_n^3+C_n^5+…=2n-1,即A=B.答案:B

4.寫出下列隨機變量可能取的值,并說明隨機變量所取的值表示的隨機試驗的結果.(1)一個袋中裝有8個紅球,3個白球,從中任取5個球,其中所含白球的個數為X.(2)一個袋中有5個同樣大小的黑球,編號為1,2,3,4,5,從中任取3個球,取出的球的最大號碼記為X.(3). 在本例(1)條件下,規(guī)定取出一個紅球贏2元,而每取出一個白球輸1元,以ξ表示贏得的錢數,結果如何?[解] (1)X可取0,1,2,3.X=0表示取5個球全是紅球;X=1表示取1個白球,4個紅球;X=2表示取2個白球,3個紅球;X=3表示取3個白球,2個紅球.(2)X可取3,4,5.X=3表示取出的球編號為1,2,3;X=4表示取出的球編號為1,2,4;1,3,4或2,3,4.X=5表示取出的球編號為1,2,5;1,3,5;1,4,5;2,3,5;2,4,5或3,4,5.(3) ξ=10表示取5個球全是紅球;ξ=7表示取1個白球,4個紅球;ξ=4表示取2個白球,3個紅球;ξ=1表示取3個白球,2個紅球.

3.下結論.依據均值和方差做出結論.跟蹤訓練2. A、B兩個投資項目的利潤率分別為隨機變量X1和X2,根據市場分析, X1和X2的分布列分別為X1 2% 8% 12% X2 5% 10%P 0.2 0.5 0.3 P 0.8 0.2求:(1)在A、B兩個項目上各投資100萬元, Y1和Y2分別表示投資項目A和B所獲得的利潤,求方差D(Y1)和D(Y2);(2)根據得到的結論,對于投資者有什么建議? 解:(1)題目可知,投資項目A和B所獲得的利潤Y1和Y2的分布列為:Y1 2 8 12 Y2 5 10P 0.2 0.5 0.3 P 0.8 0.2所以 ;; 解:(2) 由(1)可知 ,說明投資A項目比投資B項目期望收益要高;同時 ,說明投資A項目比投資B項目的實際收益相對于期望收益的平均波動要更大.因此,對于追求穩(wěn)定的投資者,投資B項目更合適;而對于更看重利潤并且愿意為了高利潤承擔風險的投資者,投資A項目更合適.

對于離散型隨機變量,可以由它的概率分布列確定與該隨機變量相關事件的概率。但在實際問題中,有時我們更感興趣的是隨機變量的某些數字特征。例如,要了解某班同學在一次數學測驗中的總體水平,很重要的是看平均分;要了解某班同學數學成績是否“兩極分化”則需要考察這個班數學成績的方差。我們還常常希望直接通過數字來反映隨機變量的某個方面的特征,最常用的有期望與方差.二、 探究新知探究1.甲乙兩名射箭運動員射中目標靶的環(huán)數的分布列如下表所示:如何比較他們射箭水平的高低呢?環(huán)數X 7 8 9 10甲射中的概率 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4乙射中的概率 0.15 0.25 0.4 0.2類似兩組數據的比較,首先比較擊中的平均環(huán)數,如果平均環(huán)數相等,再看穩(wěn)定性.假設甲射箭n次,射中7環(huán)、8環(huán)、9環(huán)和10環(huán)的頻率分別為:甲n次射箭射中的平均環(huán)數當n足夠大時,頻率穩(wěn)定于概率,所以x穩(wěn)定于7×0.1+8×0.2+9×0.3+10×0.4=9.即甲射中平均環(huán)數的穩(wěn)定值(理論平均值)為9,這個平均值的大小可以反映甲運動員的射箭水平.同理,乙射中環(huán)數的平均值為7×0.15+8×0.25+9×0.4+10×0.2=8.65.

溫故知新 1.離散型隨機變量的定義可能取值為有限個或可以一一列舉的隨機變量,我們稱為離散型隨機變量.通常用大寫英文字母表示隨機變量,例如X,Y,Z;用小寫英文字母表示隨機變量的取值,例如x,y,z.隨機變量的特點: 試驗之前可以判斷其可能出現的所有值,在試驗之前不可能確定取何值;可以用數字表示2、隨機變量的分類①離散型隨機變量:X的取值可一、一列出;②連續(xù)型隨機變量:X可以取某個區(qū)間內的一切值隨機變量將隨機事件的結果數量化.3、古典概型:①試驗中所有可能出現的基本事件只有有限個;②每個基本事件出現的可能性相等。二、探究新知探究1.拋擲一枚骰子,所得的點數X有哪些值?取每個值的概率是多少? 因為X取值范圍是{1,2,3,4,5,6}而且"P(X=m)"=1/6,m=1,2,3,4,5,6.因此X分布列如下表所示
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