
另一方面,其余的人反對(duì)這個(gè)計(jì)劃,因?yàn)樗赡軙?huì)導(dǎo)致一些不好的影響。7.I hold the belief that space exploration not only enable us to understand how the universe began but also help us survived well into the future.我堅(jiān)信探索太空不僅能夠使我們了解宇宙的起源而且能夠幫助我們更好地走進(jìn)未來(lái)。8.I think we should spend more time and money exploring space so as to provide new and better solutions to people's shortterm and longterm problems.為了給人類的短期和長(zhǎng)期問(wèn)題提供更新和更好的解決方法,我認(rèn)為我們應(yīng)該花更多的時(shí)間和金錢來(lái)探索太空。9.From my point of view,it is wrong of young people to depend on their telephones too much,which may do harm to both their physical and mental health.在我看來(lái),年輕人過(guò)度依賴手機(jī)是不對(duì)的,因?yàn)樗鼈兛赡軙?huì)對(duì)他們的身心健康都有害。最近你班同學(xué)就“人類是否應(yīng)該進(jìn)行宇宙探索”這個(gè)問(wèn)題進(jìn)行了激烈的討論。有人認(rèn)為,探索宇宙不僅讓人類更好地了解宇宙的發(fā)展,還可以用來(lái)指導(dǎo)農(nóng)業(yè)生產(chǎn),以及把一些探索太空的高新技術(shù)用于現(xiàn)實(shí)生活;也有一些人認(rèn)為探索太空花掉了大量的人力物力;影響了人們的生活水平。請(qǐng)你根據(jù)以下情況寫一篇報(bào)告并發(fā)表自己的觀點(diǎn)。注意:1.寫作內(nèi)容應(yīng)包括以上全部要點(diǎn),可適當(dāng)發(fā)揮,使上下文連貫;

Step 3 Meaning1. 過(guò)去將來(lái)時(shí)表示從過(guò)去某一時(shí)間來(lái)看將要發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或存在的狀態(tài), 常用在賓語(yǔ)從句中。一般由“would/should +動(dòng)詞原形”構(gòu)成。She hoped that they would meet again someday. 她希望將來(lái)有一天他們能再見(jiàn)面。2. was/were going to+動(dòng)詞原形: 表示過(guò)去將要發(fā)生或很有可能發(fā)生的動(dòng)作, 常用于口語(yǔ)中, 表示預(yù)言、意圖或者打算等。He was going to start work the following week. 他打算下星期開(kāi)始工作。3. was/were about to do: 常用來(lái)表示即將發(fā)生的動(dòng)作, “剛要/正要做……”。注意該結(jié)構(gòu)不與任何時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)連用。I felt that something terrible was about to happen. 我感到某種可怕的事情即將發(fā)生。4.was/were to do: 表示“曾計(jì)劃做某事”, 如果表示“本來(lái)計(jì)劃做某事, 動(dòng)作沒(méi)實(shí)現(xiàn)”, 則需用 “was/were to have done”。She said she was to have told me about the accident. 她說(shuō)她本來(lái)想告訴我關(guān)于事故的事。5.Start, go, come, leave, see, meet等動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí): 表示就過(guò)去某一時(shí)刻而言即將發(fā)生的動(dòng)作。She was coming later. 她隨后就來(lái)。I had just put on my overcoat and was leaving to visit a friend of mine. 我剛穿上外套要去看我的一個(gè)朋友。

4. A:We’d like to have someone to say a word at the beginning to welcome the group.B:↙Who?A:We thought that you or Dr.Johnson might do it.B用降調(diào)說(shuō)Who,其意思是問(wèn),對(duì)方想讓誰(shuí)在開(kāi)場(chǎng)時(shí)致歡迎詞。Step 6 Pronunciation---Practice1. Listen to the short conversation and mark the intonation with ↗, ↙ or ↙, ↗. Then discuss with a partner what they intend to convey by using different intonation.Owner: You know what ?↗ It’s a million-pound bank note↙.Waiter 1: Really ?↗(question)Waiter 2: Really !↙(unbelievable and surprised)Waiter 3: Really ?!↙↗(first question then surprised)2. Listen to the conversations. Underline the parts that are stressed and mark the intonation. Then talk about the implied meanings of the responses with different intonations. Listen again and repeat.1) Henry: It’s a nice suit.Owner: Oh, it’s perfect!↙(The intonation means it is very suitable for Henry.)2) Henry: Well, that’s very kind of you.Owner: Kind, sir ?↗(what you said is not right) No, it’s kind of you. You must come whenever you want and have whatever you like. Just having you sit here is a great honour !!↙(welcome you to come again)3)Henry:Well, to be honest, I have none. Oliver:(happily) What luck!(excited) Brother↗, what luck!↙(It means “Didn’t you hear it?”)Henry: Well, it may seem lucky to you but not to me!↗(angry) If this is your idea of some kind of joke, I don’t think it’s very funny. Now if you’ll excuse me, I ought to be on my way.↙(If so, I would leave.)Roderick: Please don’t go↙...(hope Henry can wait for a moment)Part B Viewing and Talking---Describe people’s changing attitudes in a film clipStep 1 Before-listening---Tell the filmYou are going to watch part of the film The Million Pound Bank Note. Look at these photos and guess what happens in the film.

Step 4: Listen again and decide if the following statements are true (T) or false (F).1 It was the first time Chen Liyan's story was reported. T口 F口2 Chen found 10,000 yuan in a small plastic bag in Taiyuan railway station口 F口3 Wang Zheng apologized to Chen because he couldn't offer her more money. T口 F口4 Chen took out a large loan to cure her daughter, T口 F口5 Wang set up a fundraising website for Chen's daughter after Chen told him about her situation. T口 F口Step 5:After listening, discuss the questions.1 What kind of person do you think Chen Liyan is?Chen Liyan is generous and honest because she returned a large sum of money to the owner.2 Did Chen return the money because she didn't need it?No. She returned the money because it was the right thing to do. Evidence for this is that she refused to accept the reward money because she felt that it had not been earned. 3 Is it common for people to do what Chen did?It depends on the culture. In some countries it is quite common to return money that has been found. In other countries, people believe "Finders are keepers!" 4 How did Wang Zheng feel about the return of his money?He must have been very happy and relieved to have gotten his money back. We know this because he thanked Chen repeatedly and even offered her a reward.5 Why did Ma Dongbao tell Wang about Chen's family?He must have had great sympathy for Chen and her daughter and wanted to help them.'We know this because he arranged help for them. 6 How did the news reporter feel about Chen's actions?The news reporter felt that it showed that money wasn't the most important thing in life. We know this because the reporter told us that this is what Chen believes. and then said, “that's a great attitude to take."

? Could you offer me some kind of work here?? I don’t want your charity, I just want an honest job.? Careless: I landed in Britain by accident.Step 7:Consolidation.? Find Henry? Roderick and Oliver were I .making a bet when they saw Henry, a poor young man. ? Know Henry? About a month ago, Henry was sailing and later he found himself carried out to sea by a strong wind. Fortunately, he 2.was spotted by a ship. And it was the ship that brought him to 3.England? Offer money to Henry ? Oliver and Roderick gave Henry a letter and told him that there was money in it. They 4.persuaded him to accept it, and made him 5.promise that it wouldn't be opened until 2 o'clock.Step 8:Language pointsa large amount of: a large quantity of; a great deal ofe.g. They bought a large amount of furniture before they moved their new house.make a bet: make an arrangement to risk money, etc. on an event of which the result is doubtful.e.g. We made a bet on the result of the match.permit sb to do something: allow somebody to do somethinge.g. My mother doesn’t permit me to ride in the street after it rained.by accident: as a result of chancee.g. I only found it by accident.stare at: look at somebody or something with the eyes wide open in a fixed gaze( in astonishment, wonder, fear, etc)to be honest: to tell you the truth; to be franke.g. To be honest, I don’t think we have a chance of winning.Step7 Homework:What do you think will happen to Henry? Will the bank-note help him or get him into trouble?

Everybody wants to get wealth.In today’s material world,making money or becoming wealthy symbolizes a person’s success and capability. Many people just make every effort, pay any price to attain greater wealth. With money,they can buy nice, large apartments in nice neighborhood. With money they can own luxurious cars. Wealth seems to bring all happiness in life.But is wealth the only road to happiness? Not really. There are many things in the world, which are beyond the means of money, such as friendship, love, health and knowledge. People are so preoccupied with struggling for money that they have no time or would not take the time to form or maintain friendship. What happiness can they feel living as lonely miserable creatures without love or friends in the world even if they accumulate tremendous wealth?In my opinion, people can’t do anything without money, but money is not everything. What money will bring you depends on your personal belief and goal in life. If you are kind enough to help others, especially the poor, money is a good thing to you. With it, you can do much more for the benefit of people and your country, and it will add to your own happiness. If you want money just for your own needs, you’ll never be satisfied or happy. In a word,you should have money spent for more people. Only then can money be the source of your happiness.Step 8 Homework4 students in a group, one acts Roderick, one Oliver, one servant and the fourth one acts Henry Adams, then listen to the tape, pay more attention to the difference between American English and British English in pronunciation, stress, tone.

2. 您能看到, 我頭發(fā)太長(zhǎng)了。You can see that my hair is much too long.3. 無(wú)論什么時(shí)候, 只要您想回來(lái)就回來(lái)。Please come back whenever you want.4. 您僅有很少的頭發(fā)要理! You only have too little hair to cut !5. 為您服務(wù)是我的榮幸!It is my honour to serve you!Step 9 Writing(Henry is walking down the street when he sees a sign for a place that cuts hair. He decides to have it cut. )H=Henry B=BarberH: Good afternoon, I’d like to have my hair cut, if I may. (The barber looks at Henry’s hair and continues cutting another man’s hair. ) Er, I’d really like a haircut. As you can see it’s much too long. B: (in a rude manner) Yes, I can see that. Indeed, I can. H: Fine, well, I’ll have a seat then. (He sits in one of the barber’s chairs. The barber turns to look at Henry. )B: It’s quite expensive here, you know! Are you sure you can afford it?H: Yes. I think so. (After his hair is cut, the barber tells Henry how much he must pay. Henry shows the barber the bank note. )B: Why Mr. . . (looks shocked)H: Adams. Henry Adams. I’m sorry. I don’t have any change. B: Please don’t worry! (wearing a big smile) Nothing to worry about! Nothing at all! Please come back whenever you want, even if you only have too little hair to cut! It will be my honour to serve you!Step 10 Pair workExchange drafts with a partner. Use this checklist to help your partner revise his/her draft.1. Are all the elements of a play included and in good order ?2. Do the character use suitable language ?3. Are the stage directions clear and useful ?4. Is the plot clear and exciting enough ?

【參考范文】Narrator:(Henry is smiling as he leaves the restaurant. As he is walking down the street, he sees a sign for a place that cuts hair. He decides to get it cut. )H=Henry;B=Barber;R=rude manH:Good afternoon, I'd like to get a cut, if I may. (The barber looks at Henry's hair and continues cutting another man's hair. )Er, I'd really like a haircut. As you can see it's much too long. B:(in a rude manner) Yes, I can see that. Indeed, I can. H:Fine, well I'll have a seat then. (He sits in one of the barber's chairs. The barber turns to look at Henry. )B:It's quite expensive here, you know!Are you sure you can afford it?H:Yes. I think so. (In comes the rude man. )R:Hey you there. I need a haircut quickly. Can you do me straightaway?B:All right, then, get in the chair and I'll see what I can do. R:Thank you. (sits down in one of the barber's chairs)H:Excuse me, but I was here first. Aren't you going to do my hair first?B:This man's in a hurry. H:Well so am I!I insist that you cut my hair first. B:OK, but I'll have to be quick. This gentleman is waiting. H:Thank you. (They both become quiet. After his hair is cut, the barber tells Henry how much he must pay. Henry shows the barber the bank note. )B:Why, Mr . . . (looks shocked)H:Adams. Henry Adams. I'm sorry, I don't have any change. R:You're that Mr Adams! Well,I'm glad I waited or I might never have known it was you. B:Why, Mr Adams, please don't worry!(wearing a big smile) Nothing to worry about!Nothing at all!Please come back any time, even if you only need too little hairs cut!It will be my honour to serve you!

(1)下面列出的是我國(guó)南北方傳統(tǒng)民居的差異,分析形成這些差異的自然原因:——北方民居正南正北的方位觀比南方強(qiáng);——北方民居的墻體嚴(yán)實(shí)厚重,南方民居的墻體輕??;——從北到南,民居的屋頂坡度逐漸增大,房檐逐漸加寬,房屋進(jìn)深和高度逐漸加大。(2)下面列出的是我國(guó)南北方城市住宅摟的差異,分析導(dǎo)致這些差異的自然原因:——如果不考慮地價(jià)、建筑材料等因素,建同等面積的住房,北方的建筑成本比南方高 ;——建同樣高度的多幢樓房,北方樓房的南北間距比南方大。點(diǎn)撥:本活動(dòng)要求學(xué)生了解由于地理環(huán)境的差異造成南北方建筑物特點(diǎn)的不同,并由此認(rèn)識(shí)地理環(huán)境 差異對(duì)人們生活的影響。(1)比較而言,北方的冬季寒冷而漫長(zhǎng),南方的夏季濕熱而漫長(zhǎng)。為了在冬季充分利用太陽(yáng)光照和熱量,北方民居正南正北的方位觀比南方強(qiáng)。北方民居的墻體嚴(yán)實(shí)厚重,利用在冬季保溫御寒;南方民居的墻體輕薄,利于在夏季通風(fēng)透氣。從北到南,年降水量逐漸增大,民居的屋頂坡度也逐漸增大(利于排水) ;隨著對(duì)保溫要求的降低和對(duì)通風(fēng)納涼要求的提高,民居的屋檐逐漸加寬,房屋進(jìn)深和高度逐漸加大。

活動(dòng)建議:亞馬孫雨林的開(kāi)發(fā)和保護(hù),一直作為一個(gè)兩難問(wèn)題困擾著決策者們。這三個(gè)議題的提出,為決策者們提供了思考的途徑,其實(shí)這也是國(guó)際社會(huì)的呼聲。活動(dòng)中,可以讓同學(xué)們?nèi)我膺x一個(gè)感興趣的議題,進(jìn)行評(píng)述、整理、發(fā)揮,然后進(jìn)行交流,達(dá)成共識(shí)?;蛞园鍒?bào)的形式 進(jìn)行。板書(shū)設(shè)計(jì)第二節(jié) 森林的開(kāi)發(fā)和保護(hù)——以亞馬孫熱帶雨林為例四、亞馬孫開(kāi)發(fā)計(jì)劃及其影響1.全球熱帶雨林被毀的原因⑴直接原因——人類的開(kāi)發(fā)⑵亞馬孫地區(qū),破壞雨林的人類活動(dòng):⑶開(kāi)發(fā)的背景:2.亞馬孫地區(qū)開(kāi)發(fā)過(guò)程⑴從歷史因素看,對(duì)雨林影響不大。⑵20世紀(jì)五六十年代后,影響逐漸加大3.亞馬孫流域 大規(guī)模開(kāi)發(fā)計(jì)劃⑴修建亞馬孫橫貫公路 ⑵移民亞馬孫平原⑶借助外資、鼓勵(lì)跨國(guó)企業(yè)投資開(kāi)發(fā)五、雨林的前途——開(kāi)發(fā)還是保護(hù)1.目前,全球的熱帶雨林正以驚人的速度不斷減少。2.亞馬孫這片全球最大的熱帶雨林,前景也同樣不容樂(lè)觀。3.開(kāi)發(fā) 與保護(hù)?

1.根據(jù)下面的圖文資料,說(shuō)明前蘇聯(lián)墾荒區(qū)土壤風(fēng)蝕的潛在自然背景。并說(shuō)明人們的生產(chǎn)活動(dòng)怎樣加劇了這個(gè)過(guò)程。點(diǎn)撥:對(duì)圖2.16的分析,要知道”墾荒地區(qū)”處于亞歐大 陸的中部偏北的地方,雖處于西風(fēng)帶但遠(yuǎn)離水汽來(lái)源,故降水稀少。從其周邊的內(nèi)陸湖“里?!?、“咸?!钡姆植继攸c(diǎn),可以推斷,這是一個(gè)半荒漠向干草原的過(guò)渡地帶,是一個(gè)生態(tài)環(huán)境比較脆弱的地區(qū),其自然地理狀況必定是寒冷、干旱、大風(fēng)。2.20世紀(jì)60年代中期以來(lái),前蘇聯(lián)在總結(jié)大規(guī)模墾荒經(jīng)驗(yàn)教訓(xùn)的基礎(chǔ)上,采取了一系列綜合防護(hù)措施。仔細(xì)分析這些措施,你認(rèn)為該地區(qū)防治荒漠化(土壤風(fēng)蝕)的主要方向是什么?點(diǎn)撥:要善于將所列四項(xiàng)保護(hù)措施逐條進(jìn)行分析,而后進(jìn)行歸納,不難找出它們之間的共同的東西,那就是“抗旱、防風(fēng)、保水、保土、保肥”。3.根據(jù)所學(xué)知識(shí),你認(rèn)為前蘇聯(lián)墾荒區(qū)防治荒漠化的對(duì)策與措施可以被我國(guó)的哪些地區(qū)所借鑒。

從右圖“進(jìn)出口貿(mào)易占全國(guó)的比重”可看出,珠三角地區(qū)的外向型經(jīng)濟(jì)特征很明顯,但正在緩慢的發(fā)生轉(zhuǎn)變;而長(zhǎng)三角地區(qū)的外貿(mào)依存度在10年內(nèi)迅速增長(zhǎng)。由此可見(jiàn),珠三角地區(qū)城市化過(guò)程,是伴隨著該地特殊的經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展相對(duì)自發(fā)地快速推進(jìn),缺乏宏觀而理性的規(guī)劃。閱讀通過(guò)此閱讀材料,使學(xué)生大致了解以下內(nèi)容深圳作為珠江三角洲地區(qū)迅速城市化的一個(gè)典型代表,到目前為止,對(duì)其未來(lái)發(fā)展道路的構(gòu)想,主要集中在:如何聯(lián)合和依托臨近區(qū)域、聯(lián)合優(yōu)勢(shì)資源,擴(kuò)大發(fā)展空間;如何明確功能,重新定位,合理分工,突出特色?;顒?dòng)長(zhǎng)江三角洲地區(qū)城市的協(xié)調(diào)發(fā)展1.讀圖4.28,如果按人口規(guī)模>500萬(wàn)人、100萬(wàn)~500萬(wàn)人、50萬(wàn)~100萬(wàn)人、20萬(wàn)~50萬(wàn)人和<20萬(wàn)人將城市分為五級(jí)的話,分析長(zhǎng)江三角洲地區(qū)城市的等級(jí)規(guī)模結(jié)構(gòu)是否合理,這對(duì)其城市的協(xié)調(diào)發(fā)展有何影響?

1.根據(jù)下面的材料,歸納珠江三角洲發(fā)展基塘生產(chǎn)有利的地理?xiàng)l件。珠江三角洲地勢(shì)低平,河網(wǎng)密布,降水充沛。北回歸線從珠江三角洲的北部穿過(guò)。桑樹(shù)和甘蔗主要分布于熱帶和亞熱帶。廣州是古代海上絲綢之路的起始地之一。水產(chǎn)品在廣東人的食物結(jié)構(gòu)中占有較大的比重。點(diǎn)撥珠江三角洲地區(qū)發(fā)展基塘農(nóng)業(yè)生產(chǎn)有利條件可以結(jié)合材料,歸納為三個(gè)方面:地形、氣候、市場(chǎng)(當(dāng)?shù)睾秃M猓┚唧w分析略。2.圖4.16所示的基塘生產(chǎn)將哪些產(chǎn)業(yè)聯(lián)系起來(lái)?哪些副產(chǎn)品(或廢棄物)被充分利用起來(lái)?這種聯(lián)系對(duì)農(nóng)村經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展有什么作用?點(diǎn)撥基塘生產(chǎn)環(huán)節(jié)將種植業(yè)(桑、蔗等)、養(yǎng)殖業(yè)(養(yǎng)蠶、養(yǎng)魚(yú))、工業(yè)(絲廠、糖廠)等幾種產(chǎn)業(yè)緊密的聯(lián)系在一起。在此環(huán)節(jié)中,塘泥、蠶沙(蠶屎)、蠶蛹、繅絲、濾泥、蔗葉等副產(chǎn)品被充分的回收利用。養(yǎng)蠶業(yè)、蔗糖加工業(yè)同塘魚(yú)養(yǎng)殖業(yè)緊密結(jié)合,作為一種綜合的經(jīng)營(yíng),幾者之間相互依存、相互促進(jìn)、揚(yáng)長(zhǎng)補(bǔ)短,有機(jī)地循環(huán)聯(lián)系起來(lái)。

1.閱讀圖5.16,說(shuō)明產(chǎn)業(yè)向國(guó)外轉(zhuǎn)移對(duì)日本經(jīng)濟(jì)的不利影響。點(diǎn)撥:圖5.16直觀的顯示了產(chǎn)業(yè)轉(zhuǎn)移對(duì)日本經(jīng)濟(jì)的不利影響:形成“產(chǎn)業(yè)轉(zhuǎn)移出去的多,轉(zhuǎn)移進(jìn)來(lái)的少→國(guó)內(nèi)生產(chǎn)投資不足,生產(chǎn)困難→市場(chǎng)萎縮→產(chǎn)業(yè)向外轉(zhuǎn)移,外資不愿進(jìn)入”的惡性循環(huán)。2.盡管重化工業(yè)的環(huán)境污染比較嚴(yán)重,但是卻能為工業(yè)化的發(fā)展提供堅(jiān)實(shí)的基礎(chǔ),因此成為發(fā)達(dá)工業(yè)的象征。日本、韓國(guó)的經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展都經(jīng)歷了由輕工業(yè)(勞動(dòng)密集型)到重化工業(yè)(資源密集型和資金密集型)到高科技工業(yè)(技術(shù)密集型)的階段。(1)為什么日本、韓國(guó)在重點(diǎn)發(fā)展重化工業(yè)之前,要先發(fā)展勞動(dòng)密集型工業(yè)?點(diǎn)撥:重化工業(yè)的發(fā)展一方面需要有一定的工業(yè)基礎(chǔ)和技術(shù)工人,另一方面需要投入大量的資金,先發(fā)展勞動(dòng)密集型工業(yè)有利于利用勞動(dòng)力資源豐富且廉價(jià)的優(yōu)勢(shì),積累資金和造就產(chǎn)業(yè)工人。所以,勞動(dòng)力豐富的發(fā)展中國(guó)家或地區(qū)的工業(yè)化往往從優(yōu)先發(fā)展勞動(dòng)密集型工業(yè)開(kāi)始。

(三)合作探究、精講點(diǎn)撥一、我國(guó)的政權(quán)組織形式教師活動(dòng):引導(dǎo)學(xué)生閱讀教材58頁(yè)“走進(jìn)我國(guó)的國(guó)家機(jī)關(guān)”材料,同時(shí)思考所提出的問(wèn)題。學(xué)生活動(dòng):閱讀課本,討論問(wèn)題。教師點(diǎn)評(píng):這一組鏡頭反映了我國(guó)國(guó)家機(jī)構(gòu)中人民代表大會(huì)與其他國(guó)家機(jī)關(guān)的關(guān)系,從中可以看出,我國(guó)人民是如何通過(guò)人民代表大會(huì)制度組建國(guó)家機(jī)關(guān)、開(kāi)展管理國(guó)家的各種政治活動(dòng)的。1、我國(guó)的政體(1)政體是一個(gè)國(guó)家的政權(quán)機(jī)關(guān)的組織形式。也就是通過(guò)什么方式、制度來(lái)組建國(guó)家政權(quán)機(jī)關(guān)的。教師活動(dòng):引導(dǎo)學(xué)生閱讀教材59、60頁(yè)“專家點(diǎn)評(píng)、名詞點(diǎn)擊”材料,同時(shí)思考:國(guó)家機(jī)構(gòu)一般由哪些國(guó)家機(jī)關(guān)組成?我國(guó)的國(guó)家機(jī)構(gòu)的組成情況是怎樣的?。學(xué)生活動(dòng):閱讀課本,討論問(wèn)題。教師點(diǎn)評(píng):國(guó)家機(jī)構(gòu)一般由國(guó)家元首、立法機(jī)關(guān)、行政機(jī)關(guān)、司法機(jī)關(guān)組成。不同國(guó)家在具體設(shè)置上有所不同。我國(guó)的立法機(jī)關(guān)是全國(guó)人民代表大會(huì)及其常務(wù)委員會(huì),它與地方各級(jí)人民代表大會(huì)組成國(guó)家權(quán)力機(jī)關(guān),并同其他國(guó)家機(jī)關(guān)共同組成我國(guó)的國(guó)家機(jī)構(gòu)體系。

經(jīng)濟(jì)因素對(duì)人口遷移是主要的,經(jīng)常起作用的因素,是人口遷移的基本動(dòng)因。通常情況下,經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展水平的差異決定著人們遷移的方向,人們遷移是為了追求更好的就業(yè)機(jī)會(huì)和更高的經(jīng)濟(jì)收入。經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展水平高的地區(qū)往往成為人口遷入地,人口的遷移量取決于遷入地對(duì)勞動(dòng)力的需求狀況和遷出地人口相對(duì)過(guò)剩的狀況。師:20世紀(jì)80年代深圳、珠海等地設(shè)立了經(jīng)濟(jì)特區(qū)’吸I了大量的人口遷入。這又說(shuō)明了什么問(wèn)題? (生回答,師總結(jié))從宏觀上看,經(jīng)濟(jì)布局也會(huì)造成大量的人口遷移。說(shuō)明經(jīng)濟(jì)越發(fā)達(dá),對(duì)人口的吸引力(即拉力)越大。經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展水平、規(guī)模和速度決定著人口遷移的流向、流量和流速。師:交通和通訊又如何影響著人口的遷移呢?生:交通和通訊的發(fā)展,縮小了地區(qū)之間的距離,促進(jìn)了人口遷移。

二、適合我國(guó)國(guó)情的根本政治制度1、人民代表大會(huì)制度的主要內(nèi)容國(guó)家的一切權(quán)力屬于人民;人民在普選的基礎(chǔ)上選舉代表,組成各級(jí)人民代表大會(huì)作為國(guó)家權(quán)力機(jī)關(guān);由國(guó)家權(quán)力機(jī)關(guān)產(chǎn)生其他國(guó)家機(jī)關(guān),依法行使各自的職權(quán);實(shí)行民主集中制的組織和活動(dòng)原則等。2、為什么說(shuō)人民代表大會(huì)制度是適合我國(guó)國(guó)情的根本政治制度(1)人民代表大會(huì)制度是由人民民主專政的社會(huì)主義國(guó)家性質(zhì)決定的,是建立其他國(guó)家管理制度的基礎(chǔ),是中國(guó)社會(huì)主義民主政治最鮮明的特點(diǎn)。(2)人民代表大會(huì)制度以人民當(dāng)家作主為宗旨,真正保證了人民群眾參加國(guó)家管理,充分體現(xiàn)了人民的意志和利益。(3)實(shí)踐證明,我國(guó)人民民主專政的國(guó)體和人民代表大會(huì)制度的政體,是中國(guó)人民奮斗的成果和歷史的選擇,是適合我國(guó)國(guó)情的政治制度。(4)建設(shè)社會(huì)主義民主政治,最重要的是堅(jiān)持和完善人民代表大會(huì)制度,決不照搬西方的政治制度模式。

過(guò)渡:下面我們從時(shí)間角度分析世界人口數(shù)量變化的趨勢(shì)是怎樣的呢?為什么會(huì)這樣呢?板書(shū):1、人口自然增長(zhǎng)的時(shí)間變化(引導(dǎo)學(xué)生讀課本圖1.2和圖1.3,讓學(xué)生分析)教師首先讓學(xué)生說(shuō)出閱讀地理曲線統(tǒng)計(jì)圖的一般步驟和方法,然后總結(jié)歸納:1、 讀圖名。2、 讀各個(gè)坐標(biāo)分別表示什么變量(兩圖橫坐標(biāo)均表示時(shí)間,縱坐標(biāo)均為相應(yīng)時(shí)期人口數(shù))。3、 判讀圖形變化特征(兩圖中曲線曲率的變化反映對(duì)應(yīng)時(shí)段內(nèi)人口自然增長(zhǎng)率的大?。?。4、 思考變量之間的因果關(guān)系(兩圖均反映不同歷史時(shí)期世界人口數(shù)量增長(zhǎng)的不同特點(diǎn))。問(wèn):世界人口數(shù)量變化的總趨勢(shì)是什么?(讓學(xué)生結(jié)合課本P2讀圖思考題,分析回答同時(shí)讓學(xué)生閱讀課本圖1.3,在圖1.2中找出圖1.3所在的時(shí)段,指導(dǎo)學(xué)生自學(xué)P3第一段,讓學(xué)生分析近100年全球人口快速增長(zhǎng)的原因。最后師生共同歸納總結(jié),填寫下表。)

師:在保證現(xiàn)代人生活幸福,同時(shí)又不降低未來(lái)人生存質(zhì)量的前提下,一個(gè)地區(qū)、一個(gè)國(guó)家,乃至整個(gè)地球到底適合養(yǎng)活多少人呢?為了回答這個(gè)問(wèn)題,科學(xué)家在環(huán)境人口容量的基礎(chǔ)上,又提出了人口合理容量的概念。板書(shū):(一)人口的合理容量1、概念:是指按照合理的生活方式,保障健康的生活水平,同時(shí)又不妨礙未來(lái)人口生活質(zhì)量的前提下,一個(gè)國(guó)家或地區(qū)最適宜的人口數(shù)量。2、特點(diǎn):理想的、難以確定精確數(shù)值的“虛數(shù)”3、概念提出的意義:對(duì)于制定一個(gè)地區(qū)或一個(gè)國(guó)家的人口戰(zhàn)略和人口政策有著重要的意義,進(jìn)而影響區(qū)域的經(jīng)濟(jì)社會(huì)發(fā)展戰(zhàn)略。(二)正確處理人類在世界各地消除貧困與保持人口的合理容量的關(guān)系本部分采取教師提出問(wèn)題——學(xué)生討論——閱讀教材——學(xué)生進(jìn)一步探討——學(xué)生代表發(fā)言——學(xué)生補(bǔ)充——教師總結(jié)的程序進(jìn)行:(1)請(qǐng)同學(xué)們結(jié)合日常生活實(shí)例和教材分析說(shuō)明人類要在世界各地消除貧困并保持人口的合理容量任務(wù)的艱巨性?

生1:公平性原則——同代人之間要公平,代際之間、人類與其他生物種群之間、不同國(guó)家與地區(qū)之間也要公平。生2:持續(xù)性原則——地球的承載力是有限的,人類的經(jīng)濟(jì)活動(dòng)和社會(huì)發(fā)展必須保持在資源和環(huán)境的承載力之內(nèi)。生3:共同性原則——發(fā)展經(jīng)濟(jì)和保護(hù)環(huán)境是全世界各國(guó)共同的任務(wù),需要各國(guó)的共同參與。同時(shí),地球作為一個(gè)整體,地區(qū)性問(wèn)題往往會(huì)變?yōu)槿蛐詥?wèn)題,所以地區(qū)的決策和行動(dòng),應(yīng)有助于實(shí)現(xiàn)全球整體的協(xié)調(diào)?;顒?dòng)與探究:2·閱讀下面一篇新聞報(bào)道,你認(rèn)為“給蛇讓道”有沒(méi)有必要?答:有必要·人類在森林區(qū)內(nèi)修筑公路,已經(jīng)侵占和破壞了蛇的生存環(huán)境,如果再不對(duì)蛇的遷移進(jìn)行保護(hù),蛇數(shù)量的減少以至滅絕將不可避免。這種做法體現(xiàn)了可持續(xù)發(fā)展的公平性原則和共同性原則。3·用可持續(xù)發(fā)展的觀念作為衡量標(biāo)準(zhǔn),對(duì)下列觀點(diǎn)作出評(píng)價(jià)。(1)人類有義務(wù)保護(hù)地球上所有的物種,人類的發(fā)展不應(yīng)該危及其他物種的生存。答:正確。符合可持續(xù)發(fā)展的公平性原則。
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