
結(jié)合歷史自古以來,江山美人歷來都是引無數(shù)英雄豪杰競折腰的,如果說英雄選擇了美人卻丟了江山,把所有罪名都歸結(jié)于“女人是禍水”。但是,紂王無道,和有了妲己有必然的聯(lián)系嗎?有人說妲己壞透了,壞透了的妲己如果不是取得紂王的信任是壞不起來的,紂王聽信了妲己的讒言,聽與不聽決定權(quán)在紂王,而不在妲己。強勢永遠在紂王一邊。再來看看西施和楊貴妃:西施是作為越國貢獻給吳國的供品來到吳王夫差的身邊的,楊貴妃更是先是李隆基的兒媳婦被看中而得寵的。所以,西施和楊貴妃這兩個可憐的女人根本沒有自己的獨立選擇,沒有獨立的愛情,如果沒有西施,就會有南施,或北施;如果沒有楊貴妃,就會有李貴妃,王貴妃,總之什么施,什么妃是不能少的,因為那是吳王和李隆基的需要。

【明確】“一夫當關(guān),萬夫莫開”言劍閣有易守難攻的險要形勢,暗示中央朝廷的部隊很不容易打進來,因而野心家可以據(jù)險發(fā)動叛亂,“化為狼與豺”,搞地方割據(jù)。如果割據(jù)勢力之間出現(xiàn)矛盾沖突,難免要發(fā)生混戰(zhàn),結(jié)果必定是“殺人如麻”。詩人這番預(yù)言在十多年后就得到了證實:從上元二年到大歷初即有段子璋、徐知道、崔旰等人相繼發(fā)動叛亂。詩人的意圖是要嚴防野心家發(fā)難。詩人從劍閣的險要引出對政治形勢的描寫。他化用西晉張載《劍閣銘》中形勝之地,匪親勿居的語句,目的在于勸人引以為鑒戒,警惕戰(zhàn)亂的發(fā)生,并聯(lián)系當時的社會背景,揭露了蜀中豺狼的磨牙吮血,殺人如麻,這既是描寫蜀道猛獸,又是影射政治黑暗的雙關(guān)語句,表達了對國事的憂慮與關(guān)切,為詩篇增加了現(xiàn)實的內(nèi)涵、深厚的意蘊。唐天寶初年,太平景象背后正潛伏著危機,后來發(fā)生的安史之亂,證明詩人的憂慮是有現(xiàn)實意義的。

一、內(nèi)容與解析從古代運用天文方法確定耕作時間,到現(xiàn)代對宇宙形成演變的種種假設(shè),對宇宙的探索,已經(jīng)成為人類生活的一部分。宇宙從何而來,向何而去,人類從何而來,向何而去,這些基本問題不僅具有科學意義,而且具有哲學的意味。以前教材中沒有出現(xiàn)過解說詞,但是在日常生活中,我們經(jīng)常接觸到各類解說詞,可以讓學生聯(lián)系實際,了解解說詞的特點;也可以找來其他科學電視片,結(jié)合視覺畫面,讓學生全面地感受解說詞的特點。二、教學目標及解析(一)教學目標1.引導(dǎo)學生聯(lián)系實際,了解解說詞的特點。2.引導(dǎo)學生了解一些有關(guān)宇宙的基礎(chǔ)知識。3.引導(dǎo)學生借助文中精辟的議論和熱烈的情感抒發(fā),了解作者對宇宙和人類的思考,并引發(fā)自己的思考。

一、知識與能力:(1)了解中國古代不同時期的文學特色;(2)了解、詩,詞、歌、賦等各種不同的知識內(nèi)容和形式,知道和掌握一定數(shù)量的名家作品;(3)拓寬文化視野,提高賞析和運用古代文學作品的能力。二、過程與方法:(1)通過教科書及教師提供的材料以及自己的日常積累,通過閱讀,討論,分析,評論了解各個不同時期的文學發(fā)展特色。(2)通過閱讀,觀察,練習,欣賞,表演,評論,創(chuàng)作等方式積極參與教學;通過獨立思考或合作學習對所學的內(nèi)容進行比較,概括和闡釋;學會合作學習和相互交流。三、情感態(tài)度與價值觀:通過本課學習,了解中國古代燦爛的文化。通過對文學家、詩人及其文學作品的分析,把學生帶進文學藝術(shù)的殿堂,感受古人的呼吸,思想,情操。增強文化修養(yǎng)。

讀《環(huán)境污染組圖》思考:造成交通擁擠的原因是什么?有什么危害?(原因:汽車的增加、汽車數(shù)量與道路狀況的比值越來越大造成的。危害:交通阻塞,導(dǎo)致時間和能源的嚴重浪費,影響城市環(huán)境質(zhì)量。)3.增加就業(yè)困難,失業(yè)人數(shù)增多思考:產(chǎn)生這個問題的原因是什么?(隨著城市化發(fā)展,城市科學技術(shù)提高,機器化大生產(chǎn)使勞動者數(shù)量要求降低,城市人口本來就未充分就業(yè),再加上鄉(xiāng)村人口大量涌入,導(dǎo)致失業(yè)人數(shù)增多。)二、解決辦法:(以上海市為例,講解解決的辦法。)1.改善城市環(huán)境:治理河流、控制大氣污染物、大力加強綠化建設(shè)為改善城市環(huán)境,上海市全面展開對大氣、河流、噪聲等多方面的治理工作。如蘇州河的治理、降低城市污染物濃度、加強綠化建設(shè),截止1990年,市區(qū)綠化覆蓋率達到20.3%。

在當時雅典的公民大會和陪審法庭上,人們常常要發(fā)表意見,要和自己的對手辯論,雅典法庭規(guī)定每個公民須替自己辯護,不許旁人代辯。所以出現(xiàn)了這樣一批專門教授人辯論、演說、修辭的技巧和參政知識的職業(yè)教師。①政治因素:雅典奴隸制民主政治發(fā)展到頂峰,成為希臘政治和文化中心。參與政治生活成為每個公民生活的重要內(nèi)容②古希臘工商業(yè)發(fā)展,奴隸制經(jīng)濟繁榮(在廣大奴隸的勞動基礎(chǔ)上,古希臘的經(jīng)濟迅速發(fā)展起來,為哲學的成長提供了物質(zhì)條件)——根本原因③人的地位的提高(民主政治制度和每個公民參與政治意識的加強,使人的中心地位日益突出)最后教師強調(diào):提示并強調(diào)學生學習時要注意理解“一定的文化是一定社會的政治和經(jīng)濟在觀念形態(tài)上的反映”。3、代表人物:普羅泰格拉4、研究領(lǐng)域:人和人類社會關(guān)注人與人之間的關(guān)系、社會組織、風俗習慣和倫理規(guī)范

1.改善城市環(huán)境:治理河流、控制大氣污染物、大力加強綠化建設(shè)為改善城市環(huán)境,上海市全面展開對大氣、河流、噪聲等多方面的治理工作。如蘇州河的治理、降低城市污染物濃度、加強綠化建設(shè),截止1990年,市區(qū)綠化覆蓋率達到20.3%。2.改善城市交通、改善居住條件擴寬主干道,修建環(huán)城公路,修筑了南浦大橋和揚浦大橋,新修城市高架公路和地鐵,改造住宅。3.控制城市規(guī)模建立衛(wèi)星城,開發(fā)新區(qū),有效地控制城市中心區(qū)的規(guī)模。思考:什么時候許多國家采取措施保護和改善城市環(huán)境?你認為可以采取哪些措施來保護和改善城市環(huán)境?上海市保護和改善城市環(huán)境的措施:上海的衛(wèi)星城有哪些?上海新建了哪個新區(qū)?目前浦東新區(qū)在上海的地位如何?建立衛(wèi)星城和開發(fā)新區(qū)可以起到什么作用?上海市為改善交通條件,做了哪些工作?

【本課小結(jié)】本課主要講述了古代中國土地制度的發(fā)展情況。明清的資本主義萌芽,是中國封建社會內(nèi)部產(chǎn)生的新生事物。但資本主義萌芽受到的封建王朝“重農(nóng)抑商”和“閉關(guān)鎖國”政策的阻礙。正是這種“閉關(guān)鎖國”與“重農(nóng)抑商”政策相結(jié)合,導(dǎo)致了資本主義萌芽的緩慢發(fā)展,并使中國與世隔絕,不能及時學習西方先進的科學技術(shù),使中國落后于世界潮流,從而埋下了日后落后挨打的禍根?!局悄苡?xùn)練】閱讀下列材料:材料一自耕農(nóng)是封建國家直接剝削的對象。為了保證賦稅、徭役的供應(yīng),封建國家歷來關(guān)注這一階層的存在?!胺€(wěn)定小農(nóng)”是封建王朝長治久安的良策,每一個新王朝建立時,對此尤為關(guān)注。他們總是采取鼓勵墾荒等政策,積極培植自耕農(nóng)。誠然,自耕農(nóng)這一階層是很不穩(wěn)定的,經(jīng)常分化。

【教學參考】對“新政”作用的評價史學界對“新政”作用的評價是仁者見仁、智者見智,但基本上有三種觀點,即“功大于過論”、“過大于功論”和“功過參半論”。持“功大于過論”者認為“新政”在美國歷史上基本上是一種進步現(xiàn)象,首先,“新政”挽救了危機,使美國人民擺脫了危機的困苦局面;其次,在缺少足夠的宏觀經(jīng)濟政策知識的時代,羅斯福所做的努力確實是開創(chuàng)性的;再次,羅斯?!靶抡遍_啟了美國以后歷屆政府實施國家干預(yù)政策的大門,成為緩解自由主義經(jīng)濟制度之弊病的一劑良方,并在實質(zhì)上加強了美國聯(lián)邦政府的權(quán)威;最后,在30年代資本主義世界經(jīng)濟危機的背景下,同日本、德國為轉(zhuǎn)嫁危機而發(fā)動戰(zhàn)爭的策略相比,“新政”無疑代表了一種進步、民主的解救危機方式。持“過大于功論”者認為“新政”未能使美國走出蕭條、步入繁榮。

角色扮演:學生扮演政府官員、熱帶叢林土著居民、 世界環(huán)保組織官員、開發(fā)商等角色,從角色的立場討論亞馬孫河流域熱帶雨林的開發(fā)活動規(guī)則: 每個小組認領(lǐng)一種角色,用5分鐘的時間討論和整理思路,然后推薦一位代表做中心發(fā)言,小組的其他同學可以隨時補充。發(fā)言時請說 明所扮演的角色,盡可能多的發(fā)表建設(shè)性意見。如果需要,可以上臺展示材料【學生互動】 風云辯論:雨林破壞誰之錯?正方觀點:雨林破壞,亞馬孫地區(qū) 的國家和 居民應(yīng)負主要責任反方觀點: 雨林破壞,發(fā)達國家應(yīng)負主要責任 【師生小結(jié)】 雨林的開發(fā),既有發(fā)展中國家經(jīng)濟的需要,也有發(fā)達國家國際市場的牽動。保護雨林,是全人類的共同責任,尤其發(fā)達國家應(yīng)該承擔更多的責任。保護亞馬遜雨林符合長遠利益和全球利益。但這與雨林所在地國家的發(fā)展產(chǎn)生了矛盾,如何解決之一矛盾是雨林開發(fā)與保護的關(guān)鍵。【過渡承轉(zhuǎn)】 綠色和平組織警告說,如果不采取有效措施制止對森林的破壞,80年內(nèi)熱帶雨林可能完全從地球上消失。開發(fā)還是保護?這是雨林的兩種前途,也

知識和技能 1、 了解區(qū)域工業(yè)化和城市化之間的關(guān)系,以及它們對區(qū)域社會經(jīng)濟發(fā)展所起的作用 。2、分析導(dǎo)致珠江三角洲工業(yè)化和城市化快速推進的諸多思想束縛,并通過比較,認識到對外開放政策是其中的關(guān)鍵因素。3、 比較珠江三角 洲的 區(qū)工業(yè)化進程的兩個主要階段,歸納出不同時期的主要發(fā)展特點,并能夠結(jié)合具體案例分析工業(yè)化進程對城市化的巨大推動。 4、分析珠江三角洲地區(qū)工業(yè)化和城市化進程中的問題,并嘗試評價目前的一些調(diào)整措施和發(fā)展方向。5、通過分析我國珠江三角 洲地區(qū)工 業(yè)化、城市化的發(fā)展階段、問題與對策,了解區(qū)域工業(yè)化和城市化的推進動力和發(fā)展規(guī)律。過程與方法 利用扮演不同的社會角色來談對珠江三角洲地區(qū)未來經(jīng)濟和城鎮(zhèn)發(fā)展的設(shè)想和建議,反饋學生知識、能力、價值觀發(fā)展情況和效果, 培養(yǎng)學生對所學所得的運用能力,并為學生的創(chuàng)新精神的發(fā) 展營造有利氛圍。情感、態(tài)度與價值觀1、通過鼓勵學生主動獲 取資料的做法,關(guān)注學生實踐能力、綜合思維能力及終身學習能力的訓(xùn)練。

問題:1、對田納西河流域進行開發(fā)能產(chǎn)生哪些方面的效益?2、如果只 提高土地利用程度,是否能保證其他方面的效益不受影響?如果受影響分別說明產(chǎn)生了什么后果?應(yīng)如何治理?這體現(xiàn)了地理環(huán)境的什么特性。(學生讀課文歸納總結(jié))讀問題研究內(nèi)容,思 考下列問題1、 阿斯旺大壩位于哪個國家?它的建立為該國農(nóng) 業(yè)生產(chǎn)提供了哪些有利條件?2、 阿斯旺大壩的建立帶來了哪些經(jīng)濟效益?又產(chǎn)生了哪些不利影響?3、 我們應(yīng)如何評價這一工程利與弊?它對我國三峽大壩的建設(shè)有什么借鑒意義。同學們,通過本課的學習我們已深切地感受到河流流域的綜合開發(fā)給我們的生活帶來了巨大的改變,但我們更應(yīng)看到人類的 經(jīng)濟活動對生態(tài)環(huán)境產(chǎn)生的不利影響,怎樣才能趨利避害,造福人類,這是我們每個人都應(yīng)思考的問題。

(2)根據(jù)材料二與所學知識,從經(jīng)濟、政治、思想文化三個方面,分析歐洲近代科技迅速發(fā)展的原因。答:資本主義工商業(yè)的成長刺激了對技術(shù)的需求,為近代科技的發(fā)展提供了工具和手段;資產(chǎn)階級革命為資本主義發(fā)展、科技進步開辟了道路;人文主義和理性精神解放了思想,推動近代科技迅速發(fā)展。(如答出其它原因,言之有理,可酌情加分,但不得超過該問總分)(3)根據(jù)材料二三與所學知識,分析清代(鴉片戰(zhàn)爭前)中國科技發(fā)展停滯的原因。答:君主專制維系腐朽制度;重農(nóng)抑商、閉關(guān)政策阻礙資本主義萌芽發(fā)展;自然經(jīng)濟不能提供近代科技發(fā)展的物質(zhì)基礎(chǔ);文化專制政策(或崇尚理學、八股取士、文字獄等)禁錮思想,摧殘人才,阻礙科技發(fā)展。(如答出其它原因,言之有理,可酌情加分,但不得超過該問總分。)(4)簡述從中西方科技發(fā)展變化的歷史中得到的啟示。答:評分說明:圍繞生產(chǎn)力發(fā)展,政治經(jīng)濟變革、思想解放與科技發(fā)展的關(guān)系等任一角度回答,言之有理,均可酌情賦分

教學目標:1、知識與能力:(1)識記:理性、啟蒙運動;伏爾泰、孟德斯鳩、盧梭等偉大的啟蒙思想家及其主張;康德及啟蒙運動的影響;(2)理解啟蒙運動興起的背景,分析啟蒙思想的巨大影響;(3)認識上層建筑對社會發(fā)展的巨大反作用。2、過程與方法:(1)指導(dǎo)學生用表格法掌握啟蒙運動主要代表人物及其思想主張;(2)運用比較法加深對啟蒙思想家觀點共性和個性的認識。(3)運用比較法對比文藝復(fù)興和啟蒙運動的異同,說明啟蒙運動對人文主義思想的發(fā)展。3、情感態(tài)度與價值觀:(1)通過本課的學習,讓學生認識到“一定的文化是一定社會的政治和經(jīng)濟在觀念上和形態(tài)上的反映”;(2)學習啟蒙思想家追求真理的精神,培養(yǎng)學生遠大的理想與抱負;(3)通過法國啟蒙思想產(chǎn)生的巨大影響的分析,使學生認識意識形態(tài)對社會發(fā)展所起的重大作用,從而提高學習理論的自覺性。

2. Sort out detailed information about Michael Jordan.(1) Understand the transitional sentence.Q: Which part is about Michael Jordan as a master? Which part is about the example he set?(2) Have the Ss Focus on why Michael Jordan is a master and what good examples Michael Jordan set when they’re reading. And think about these questions as below:Q1: How does the author describe his impressive skills?Q2: How do you understand “time seemed to stand still”?Q3: What does “graceful” mean?Q4. Which sentence do you think best describes his mental strength?Q5. Which words is important in the sentence in describing his mental strength? Why?Q6: How do you understand “unique”?Q7: What can we learn from Michael Jordan?Step 5 Discussing and recommendingRecommend their own living legends of sports.Work in groups to choose your own living legend of sports and give the reasons of your choice. Step 6 HomeworkReview the stories of Lang Ping and Michael Jordan, and try to retell them.

This unit is about the Internet, which has a great influence to our humans and our lives. During the Listening & Speaking & Talking and Reading and Thinking section, the influence in examples has been shown. Thus, use the Present Perfect Tense is appropriate. However, in order to show the justice or weaken the doer of the behavior/action, it’s better to use the Present Perfect Passive Voice than the Present Perfect Tense. Besides, having learned to use the Present Perfect Passive Voice, students can beautify their language in their writing. 1. Learn the structure of the Present Perfect Passive Voice and its functions. 2. Learn to change the sentences with the Present Perfect Passive Voice into the sentences with the Present Perfect Passive Voice. 3. Learn to write sentences with the Present Perfect Passive Voice flexibly according to the context. 1. Learn the structure of the Present Perfect Passive Voice and its functions. 2. Learn to change the sentences with the Present Perfect Passive Voice into the sentences with the Present Perfect Passive Voice. 3. Learn to write sentences with the Present Perfect Passive Voice flexibly according to the context. Step 1 Observe the following sentences, then change the sentences into passive voice.He has been selected to take part in the sports meeting.(肯定句)他已被挑選出來參加運動會。The ink has not been removed from his overcoat.(否定句)墨跡還沒有從他外套上去掉。

From the pictures in the text and the title--- choose the best app, we can know that this part is about how to save money by using apps.Step 2 While-listening1. Laura and Xiao Bo are talking about apps. Listen to their conversation and find out what apps they want.Xiao Bo is looking for a(n) exercise app to help him get in shape.Laura would like an app for getting rich and another that will make her grades better.2. Listen again. Are the sentences true T or false F?1). Both of Xiao Bo's apps keep track of the steps he takes._____2). Xiao Bo's second app can help him make a fitness plan._____3). Laura needs an app that will help her get discounts.______4). Laura needs an app that will add money to her bank account._______F T F T3. Listen once more and tick the sentence you hear. Underline the words used to express predictions, guesses, and beliefs.Predictions, Guesses, and Beliefs________It might help me walk more.________My guess is that it wouldn't work.________I imagine this app would help me get fit faster________I suppose that would be good.________I guess you could save a little with this app.________I suppose there would be some problems, too.________I believe this app could help me get thinner.

Listening and Speaking introduces the topic of “ask about online habits”. Many middle school students have been surfing the Internet for many years, but what they do with the Internet and how much time they spend every day may not be very clear to themselves, nor to other students. This section allows students to investigate their peers' Internet use, which is conducive to their mutual understanding and understanding of the Internet. It can also help them reflect on their own online behavior, learn from other people's good online habits, and get rid of their bad online behavior.The listening text of this section is an investigation interview. The investigators interview specific groups with the same questions to obtain information, so as to understand their views, practices or attitudes on this issue. There are two specific questions: “how much time do you spend online every day? What do you usually do online?”. The answers of the three respondents provide rich and different information, and achieve the purpose of the investigators. The oral discourse structure of survey interviews generally includes greeting and explaining the purpose of the interview, presenting the interview questions and the respondents' answers. Listening and Talking introduces the theme of “choosing the right application ". Listening text is a conversation between Laura and Xiao Bo. In this part of listening, “oink”; “piggy bank” may cause the students' hearing comprehension limitation. Oink refers to sound word and pig's sound. So, add some oink to my piggy bank is often used to describe "making a little money".1. Guide students to understand the content of listening texts in terms of listening for definitions.2. Cultivate students' ability to define words and understand an investigation interview.

Q5:What's Jan's next goal?Her next goal is to start a charity website to raise money for children in poor countries.Q6:What can we learn from her experiences?We learn that when we go through tough times, we can find help and support from other people online. We learn that we can feel less lonelyStep 5: While reading---rethinkingQ1: What is Jan’s attitude to the Internet ?Thankful/Grateful, because it has changed her and her life.Q2: What writing skills is used in the article ?Examples(Jan’s example, the 59-year-old man’s and the 61-year-old woman’s example)Q3: Can you get the main idea of the article ?The Internet has changed Jan’s life/Jan’s life has been changed by the Internet.Step 6 Post reading---Retell the storyMuch has been written about the wonders of the World Wide Web. There are countless articles (1)telling(tell) us how the Internet has made our lives more convenient. But the Internet has done a lot (2)more(much) for people than simply make life more convenient. People’s lives (3) have been changed(change) by online communities and social networks so far. Take Jan for example, who developed a serious illness that made her (4)stuck(stick) at home with only her computer to keep (5)her(she) company. She joined an online group (6)where she could share problems, support and advice with others. She considered the ability to remove the distance between people as one of the greatest (7)benefits(benefit). She was so inspired (8)that she started an IT club in which many people have been helped. She has started to learn more about how to use the Internet to make society better. Her next goal is to start a charity website to raise money (9)for children in poor countries. Jan’s life has been (10)greatly(great) improved by the Internet.

⑦identity theft 身份盜竊⑧chat room 聊天室⑨draft your blog post 起草博客帖子⑩post embarrassing photos 張貼尷尬照片 【話題句式】 1. How do you stay safe online and avoid bad experiences on the Internet? 你如何在網(wǎng)上保持安全, 避免在網(wǎng)上的不良經(jīng)歷? 2. I’m not an expert, but many years as a blogger have taught me a thing or two. 我不是專家, 但作為一個博主, 我已經(jīng)學了好幾年了。 3. If you see or read something that makes you feel uncomfortable, leave the site immediately. 如果你看到或讀到一些讓你覺得不舒服的東西, 立即離開這個網(wǎng)站。4. Don’t give out your address or phone number. 別告訴別人你的地址或電話號碼。 5. Identity theft is a common and serious problem. 身份盜竊是一個常見而嚴重的問題。6. Being online is no excuse for being rude, and you don’t want to become a target for a troll or cyberbully. 上網(wǎng)并不是無禮的借口, 你也不想成為發(fā)挑釁帖子的人或網(wǎng)絡(luò)惡霸的目標。 7. Trolls often use several false names so that they can stay on a site. 發(fā)挑釁帖子的人經(jīng)常使用幾個假名, 這樣他們就可以留在一個網(wǎng)站上。8. However, the more polite you are, the less likely it is you will be attacked. 然而, 你越有禮貌, 你被攻擊的可能性就越小。
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