
The topic of this part is “Write about your festival experience”.During the Listening and Speaking and Talking, students are just asked to say out their festival experiences such as the Spring Festival, Mid-autumn Day, but this part students will be asked to write down their own festival experiences. During the reading part, it introduces the Naadam Festival in Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, which can give students a good example to imitate. Students not only learn the festival, but touch and feel the Inner Mongolian’s character, the spirit and cultural atmosphere, which can help students form the cultural awareness and learn to enjoy and value the diversity of Chinese culture.Concretely, the dairy tells the experience that the author spent the Naadam Festival in Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region with his/her friend. The structure is clear. In the opening paragraph, it introduces the topic of the Naadam Festival and the whole feeling. Then it introduces the items of the festival like the ceremony, wrestling and horse racing. Finally, it summarizes this experience. Because this part is a travel journal, we must guide students pay more attention to these details: 1. use the first person. 2. use the past tense to tell the past thing and use the present or future tense to describe the scenery. 3. use the timeline to tell the development. 4. be careful for the author’s psychology, emotion and feeling, etc.1. Read quickly to get main idea; read carefully to get the detailed information about Naadam Festival.2. Learn the structure of the reading article and language.3. Write an article about a festival experience4. Learn to use the psychology, emotions and feeling in the writing.1. Write an article about a festival experience.2. Use the structure of the reading article and language.

Step 4 PracticeRead the conversation. Find out which words have been left out.Justin: Linlin, I’m going to Guizhou Province next month. I’m super excited! Any recommendations for places to visit?Linlin: Wow, cool! Guizhou is a province with a lot of cultural diversity. Places to visit...well, definitely the Huangguoshu Waterfall first.Justin: What’s special about the waterfall?Linlin: Well, have you ever heard of the Chinese novel Journey to the West ?Justin: Yes, I have. Why ?Linlin: In the back of the waterfall, you will find a cave, which is the home of the Monkey King.Justin: Really? Cool! I’ll definitely check it out.Linlin:And I strongly recommend the ethnic minority villages. You’ll find Chinese culture is much more diverse than you thought.Justin:Sounds great, thanks.Answers:Justin: Linlin, I’m going to Guizhou Province next month. I’m super excited! Do you have any recommendations for places to visit?Linlin: Wow, that’s cool! Guizhou is a province with a lot of cultural diversity. What are some places to visit in Guizhou ? Well, definitely the Huangguoshu Waterfall is the first place to visit in Guizhou Province.Justin: What’s special about the waterfall?Linlin: Well, have you ever heard of the Chinese novel Journey to the West ?Justin: Yes, I have heard of the Chinese novel Journey to the West . Why do you ask if I have heard of the Chinese novel Journey to the West?Linlin: In the back of the waterfall, you will find a cave, which is the home of the Monkey King from Journey to the West.Justin: That’s really true? It’s Cool! I’ll definitely check it out.Linlin:And I strongly recommend the ethnic minority villages on your trip to Guizhou Province. You’ll find Chinese culture is much more diverse than you thought it was.Justin:This all sounds great, thanks.

The topic of this part is “Describe a place with distinctive cultural identity”.This section focuses on Chinese culture by introducing Chinatown, whose purpose is to show the relationship between the Chinese culture and American culture. The Chinese culture in Chinatown is an important part of American culture. Chinatown is an important window of spreading Chinese culture and the spirit homeland of oversea Chinese, where foreigners can experience Chinese culture by themselves.Concretely, the title is “Welcome to Chinatown!”, from which we can know that the article aims at introducing Chinatown. The author used the “Introduction--Body Paragraph--Conclusion” to describe the people, language, architecture, business, famous food and drinks and people’s activities, which can be a centre for Chinese culture and shows its unique charm.1. Read quickly to get main idea; read carefully to get the detailed information.2. Learn the characteristics of writing and language.3. Learn to introduce your own town according to the text.4. Learn to correct others’ writing.1. Learn the characteristics of writing and language.2. Learn to introduce your own town according to the text.Step 1 Lead in ---Small talkIn the reading part, we mentioned the Chinatown of San Francisco. How much do you know about Chinatown of San Francisco ?Chinatown is a main living place for Chinese immigrants, where you can see many Chinese-style buildings, costumes, operas, restaurants, music and even hear Chinese.Step 2 Before reading ---Predict the contentWhat is the writer’s purpose of writing this text ? How do you know ?From the title(Welcome to Chinatown) and some key words from the text(tourist, visit, visitors, experience), we can know the purpose of the text is to introduce Chinatown and show the relationship between Chinese culture and American culture.

Listening and Speaking introduces the topic of “talking about how to become an astronaut”. This period is aimed to inform students some details about the requirements of being an astronaut. Students can be motivated and inspired by the astronauts. Teachers ought to encourage students to learn from them and let them aim high and dream big.Listening and Talking introduces the theme of "talk about life in space". This part also informs students more details about life in space and can inspire students to be curious about this job. 1. Guide students to listen for numbers concerning dates, years and ages etc2. Cultivate students' ability to talk about how to become an astronaut and life in space ; 3. Instruct students to use functional sentences of the dialogue such as “ first of all, I am not sure, so what might be .. I guess.. I wonder…I am curious…)appropriately.1. Guide students to understand the content of listening texts in terms of the whole and key details; 2. Cultivate students' ability to guess the meaning of words in listening; discuss with their peers how to become a qualified astronaut and describe the life in space.Part 1: Listening and SpeakingStep 1: Lead inPredictionThe teacher can ask students to predict what the listening text is about by looking at the pictures.About how to become an astronaut./the requirements of an astronautStep 2: Then, play the radio which is about an interview a. And after finishing listening for the first time, the students need to solve the following tasks.

The theme of the section is “Describe space facts and efforts to explore space”. Infinitives are one of non-finite verbs, as the subjects, objects, predicative, attributes and adverbials. This unit is about space exploration, which is a significant scientific activity, so every scientific activity has strong planning. Therefore, using the infinitives to show its purpose, explanations or restrictions is the best choice.1. Learn the structure, functions and features of infinitives.2. Learn to summarize some rules about infinitives to show purpose and modify.3. Learn to use infinitives in oral and writing English. 1. Learn the structure, functions and features of infinitives.2. Learn to summarize some rules about infinitives to show purpose and modify.3. Learn to use use infinitives in oral and writing English.Step 1 Lead in---Pair workLook at the following sentences and focus on the italicized infinitives. In pairs, discuss their functions. 1. I trained for a long time to fly airplanes as a fighter pilot..(作目的狀語)2. As we all know, an astronaut needs to be healthy and calm in order to work in space..(作目的狀語)3. First of all, you must be intelligent enough to get a related college degree..(作目的狀語)4. Some scientist were determined to help humans realise their dream to explore space..(作定語)5. On 12 April 1961, Yuri Gagarin became the first person in the world to go into space..(作定語)Summary:1. 不定式的結(jié)構(gòu):to+do原形。2. 分析上面的句子,我們知道在描述太空探索時(shí),動(dòng)詞不定式不僅可以用來表目的,還可以用來作定語,表修飾。

The theme of this unit focuses on “space exploration.” Students will learn about the training and experience needed to become an astronaut. The text is mainly about the development of space exploration. On the one hand, the text helps students to have a good understanding about the great feats humans have achieved, on the other hand, they will further understand the contributions that we Chinese have achieved, and feel confident and proud about our homeland and strengthen their love for our country. The teacher should instruct students to aim high and study harder to make great progress in the space career if possible.1. Read about the development and value of space exploration.2. Explore the mysteries of the universe and the achievements in space exploration.3. Skillfully use the vocabulary of this text to cultivate self-study ability 4. Develop cooperative learning ability through discussion.1. Enable the Ss to talk about the development and value of space exploration.2. Guide the Ss to summarize the main idea of each paragraph as well as the main idea of the text.3. Help Ss comprehend the main reasons for space exploration. Multi-media, textbook, notebooks.Step 1: Warming up and predictionLook at the title and the pictures of the text and predict what the text will be about?2. What are the main reasons for space exploration?

Q4: What is the function of the International exploration ?Having astronauts from different countries on boardQ5: What can you learn from Para 4 ?China has made great achievements in exploring spaceQ6: What is the attitude to the space exploration ?SupportiveStep 6 Post reading---RetellPeople have always wanted to learn more about space. Before the mid-20th century, most people felt (1)_________ (travel) into space was an impossible dream. However, (2)____ the help of scientists, peoplesucceeded in realizing their dream (3) _________ (explore) space. On 4 October 1957, the Sputnik 1 satellite (4) ____________(launch) by the USSR. (5) ________________ scientists try to make sure nothing goes wrong, accidents can still happen. These disasters made everyone(6)___________(disappoint), but people still believe in the importance of (7) ________(carry) on space exploration. In 2003, China became the third country to (8)_____________ (independent) send humans into space. Then Shenzhou 6 and 7 completed (9)____ second manned orbit and the first Chinese spacewalk. In spite of the difficulties, scientists hope future (10)__________ (discovery) will not only enable us to understand the universe but also help us survive well into the future.Answers: 1. travelling 2. with 3. to explore 4. was launched 5. Although6. disappointed 7. carrying 8. independently 9. a 10. discoveriesStep 6 Post reading---Critical thinkingQ1: What do you think of the space exploration ? I think it is beneficial to us. Through further study of space, people will make full use of it in the future, such as the space experiments by Wang Yaping in Tian Gong 1.Q2: If you are determined to be an astronaut, what should you prepare at present ?First of all, I should study hard to get a related college degree. Besides, I must keep mental and physical healthy.Step 7. HomeworkTry to summarize the structure of the article by a mind map.

Step 3 Meaning1. 過去將來時(shí)表示從過去某一時(shí)間來看將要發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或存在的狀態(tài), 常用在賓語從句中。一般由“would/should +動(dòng)詞原形”構(gòu)成。She hoped that they would meet again someday. 她希望將來有一天他們能再見面。2. was/were going to+動(dòng)詞原形: 表示過去將要發(fā)生或很有可能發(fā)生的動(dòng)作, 常用于口語中, 表示預(yù)言、意圖或者打算等。He was going to start work the following week. 他打算下星期開始工作。3. was/were about to do: 常用來表示即將發(fā)生的動(dòng)作, “剛要/正要做……”。注意該結(jié)構(gòu)不與任何時(shí)間狀語連用。I felt that something terrible was about to happen. 我感到某種可怕的事情即將發(fā)生。4.was/were to do: 表示“曾計(jì)劃做某事”, 如果表示“本來計(jì)劃做某事, 動(dòng)作沒實(shí)現(xiàn)”, 則需用 “was/were to have done”。She said she was to have told me about the accident. 她說她本來想告訴我關(guān)于事故的事。5.Start, go, come, leave, see, meet等動(dòng)詞的過去進(jìn)行時(shí): 表示就過去某一時(shí)刻而言即將發(fā)生的動(dòng)作。She was coming later. 她隨后就來。I had just put on my overcoat and was leaving to visit a friend of mine. 我剛穿上外套要去看我的一個(gè)朋友。

4. A:We’d like to have someone to say a word at the beginning to welcome the group.B:↙Who?A:We thought that you or Dr.Johnson might do it.B用降調(diào)說Who,其意思是問,對方想讓誰在開場時(shí)致歡迎詞。Step 6 Pronunciation---Practice1. Listen to the short conversation and mark the intonation with ↗, ↙ or ↙, ↗. Then discuss with a partner what they intend to convey by using different intonation.Owner: You know what ?↗ It’s a million-pound bank note↙.Waiter 1: Really ?↗(question)Waiter 2: Really !↙(unbelievable and surprised)Waiter 3: Really ?!↙↗(first question then surprised)2. Listen to the conversations. Underline the parts that are stressed and mark the intonation. Then talk about the implied meanings of the responses with different intonations. Listen again and repeat.1) Henry: It’s a nice suit.Owner: Oh, it’s perfect!↙(The intonation means it is very suitable for Henry.)2) Henry: Well, that’s very kind of you.Owner: Kind, sir ?↗(what you said is not right) No, it’s kind of you. You must come whenever you want and have whatever you like. Just having you sit here is a great honour !!↙(welcome you to come again)3)Henry:Well, to be honest, I have none. Oliver:(happily) What luck!(excited) Brother↗, what luck!↙(It means “Didn’t you hear it?”)Henry: Well, it may seem lucky to you but not to me!↗(angry) If this is your idea of some kind of joke, I don’t think it’s very funny. Now if you’ll excuse me, I ought to be on my way.↙(If so, I would leave.)Roderick: Please don’t go↙...(hope Henry can wait for a moment)Part B Viewing and Talking---Describe people’s changing attitudes in a film clipStep 1 Before-listening---Tell the filmYou are going to watch part of the film The Million Pound Bank Note. Look at these photos and guess what happens in the film.

Step 4: Listen again and decide if the following statements are true (T) or false (F).1 It was the first time Chen Liyan's story was reported. T口 F口2 Chen found 10,000 yuan in a small plastic bag in Taiyuan railway station口 F口3 Wang Zheng apologized to Chen because he couldn't offer her more money. T口 F口4 Chen took out a large loan to cure her daughter, T口 F口5 Wang set up a fundraising website for Chen's daughter after Chen told him about her situation. T口 F口Step 5:After listening, discuss the questions.1 What kind of person do you think Chen Liyan is?Chen Liyan is generous and honest because she returned a large sum of money to the owner.2 Did Chen return the money because she didn't need it?No. She returned the money because it was the right thing to do. Evidence for this is that she refused to accept the reward money because she felt that it had not been earned. 3 Is it common for people to do what Chen did?It depends on the culture. In some countries it is quite common to return money that has been found. In other countries, people believe "Finders are keepers!" 4 How did Wang Zheng feel about the return of his money?He must have been very happy and relieved to have gotten his money back. We know this because he thanked Chen repeatedly and even offered her a reward.5 Why did Ma Dongbao tell Wang about Chen's family?He must have had great sympathy for Chen and her daughter and wanted to help them.'We know this because he arranged help for them. 6 How did the news reporter feel about Chen's actions?The news reporter felt that it showed that money wasn't the most important thing in life. We know this because the reporter told us that this is what Chen believes. and then said, “that's a great attitude to take."

Everybody wants to get wealth.In today’s material world,making money or becoming wealthy symbolizes a person’s success and capability. Many people just make every effort, pay any price to attain greater wealth. With money,they can buy nice, large apartments in nice neighborhood. With money they can own luxurious cars. Wealth seems to bring all happiness in life.But is wealth the only road to happiness? Not really. There are many things in the world, which are beyond the means of money, such as friendship, love, health and knowledge. People are so preoccupied with struggling for money that they have no time or would not take the time to form or maintain friendship. What happiness can they feel living as lonely miserable creatures without love or friends in the world even if they accumulate tremendous wealth?In my opinion, people can’t do anything without money, but money is not everything. What money will bring you depends on your personal belief and goal in life. If you are kind enough to help others, especially the poor, money is a good thing to you. With it, you can do much more for the benefit of people and your country, and it will add to your own happiness. If you want money just for your own needs, you’ll never be satisfied or happy. In a word,you should have money spent for more people. Only then can money be the source of your happiness.Step 8 Homework4 students in a group, one acts Roderick, one Oliver, one servant and the fourth one acts Henry Adams, then listen to the tape, pay more attention to the difference between American English and British English in pronunciation, stress, tone.

知識(shí)和技能 1、理解自然地理環(huán)境整體性的基本內(nèi)涵。2、了解自然地理環(huán)境整體性的表現(xiàn)3、使學(xué)生樹立普遍聯(lián)系的觀點(diǎn),再利用和改造自然中要充分考慮各地理要素的關(guān)系,避免“牽一發(fā)而動(dòng)全身”。過程與方法 1、自主學(xué)習(xí),分析 討論法。2、探究與活動(dòng), 理解地理環(huán)境的整體性。3、利用景觀 圖片分析地理環(huán)境的整體性。情感、態(tài)度與價(jià)值觀幫助學(xué)生樹立事物是普遍聯(lián)系的思想 ,在利用自然中要做到統(tǒng)籌考慮。教學(xué) 重點(diǎn)1、地理環(huán)境整體性的原因。2、地理要素間相互作用產(chǎn)生新功能。3、自然地理環(huán)境的演化過程具有統(tǒng)一性。4、自然地理環(huán)境要素會(huì)“牽一發(fā)而動(dòng)全身”。教學(xué) 難點(diǎn)地理要素間相互作用產(chǎn)生新功能;自然地理環(huán)境具有同一演化過 程。教具、資料多媒體課件、景觀圖片課時(shí)安排

一、知識(shí)和技能1.了解鋒面系統(tǒng)、低壓系統(tǒng)、高壓系統(tǒng)的特點(diǎn)2.理解氣旋與反氣旋的形成過程、氣流運(yùn)動(dòng)特點(diǎn),掌握氣旋、反氣旋氣流運(yùn)動(dòng)的規(guī)律性3.使學(xué)生掌握氣旋和反氣旋控制下的天氣狀況二、過程和方法1.掌握各天氣系統(tǒng)活動(dòng)規(guī)律和處在不同天氣系統(tǒng)及其不同部位的天氣特點(diǎn),利用天氣圖進(jìn)行天氣形勢分析預(yù)報(bào)2.能夠說明這些天氣系統(tǒng)是如何對所到達(dá)地區(qū)的天氣產(chǎn)生影響的,能夠結(jié)合當(dāng)?shù)厍闆r分析學(xué)校所在地曾經(jīng)發(fā)生的災(zāi)害性天氣及其影響下的天氣系統(tǒng)3.通過研究氣旋和反氣旋的形成過程,使學(xué)生初步具備研究問題的方法與步驟4.通過對冷鋒與暖鋒天氣系統(tǒng)的對比分析來實(shí)現(xiàn)學(xué)生地理綜合分析能力的提高。通過對鋒面氣旋的分析來建立地理空間思維的習(xí)慣三、情感、態(tài)度、價(jià)值觀1.通過本節(jié)課學(xué)習(xí),讓學(xué)生懂得學(xué)科學(xué)、愛科學(xué),獻(xiàn)身氣象事業(yè),為“四化”建設(shè)服務(wù)

氣候變化對健康的影響 氣候變化對人體健康的不良影響是不難發(fā)現(xiàn)的:熱浪沖擊頻繁加重可致死亡率及某些疾病、特別是心臟呼吸系統(tǒng)疾病發(fā)病率增加;對氣候變化敏感的傳染性疾病如瘧疾和登革熱的傳播范圍可能增加。極端氣候事件, 如干旱、水災(zāi)、暴風(fēng)雨等, 使死亡率、傷殘率及傳染病疾病率上升, 并增加社會(huì)心理壓力。某些媒介疾病的加重也可能與氣候變化有間接的關(guān)系, 如瘧疾是通過蚊子傳播的疾病,氣候變化可能使某些變暖地區(qū)的蚊子數(shù)目增加, 從而加重了瘧疾的發(fā)生。我國1994年瘧疾的發(fā)病率為5.3408/10萬, 居全國法定傳染病的第六位。血吸蟲病的發(fā)展與高溫及灌溉系統(tǒng)的擴(kuò)增有關(guān)。我國1994年南方12省市血吸蟲病患者的檢出率高達(dá)3.67%,不能忽視氣候變化對此的可能影響。還有一些疾病,如睡眠病、登革熱、黑熱病等也有與氣候關(guān)系的報(bào)道。另外, CO2、一些空氣污染物如氮氧化物、臭氧等可增加過敏疾患及心臟呼吸系統(tǒng)疾病和死亡。

1.流水堆積地貌由于河床坡度降低,導(dǎo)致流速減小 ,或者其他原因,引起河流搬運(yùn)能力降低,促使沉積發(fā)生,形成堆積地貌。常見的河流堆積地貌主要有以下幾種:(1)沖積扇平原沖積扇是河流出山口處的扇形堆積體。河流出 山口后,比降顯著減小,水流又分成許多交漢,成扇狀向外流動(dòng),河流能量顯著降低,大量物質(zhì)堆積下來,又有利于河流改道。隨著各支汊的不斷堆積和變遷,就形成沖積扇。沖積扇的物質(zhì)結(jié)構(gòu),一般是頂部物質(zhì)較粗,主要為沙、礫 ,隨著水流搬運(yùn)能力向邊緣減弱,堆積的物質(zhì)逐漸變細(xì),邊緣一般多為沙、粉沙及亞粘土,分選性較好,所以沖積扇是較好的含水層,邊緣常有泉水出 露,可發(fā)展自流灌 溉。若山地河谷隨山地間歇抬升,也可形成疊置沖積扇。(2)河漫灘平原河漫灘平原發(fā)源于河流中下游。在河流中下游地區(qū),河流下蝕作用減弱,側(cè)蝕作用加強(qiáng),河流往往凹岸侵蝕,在凸岸堆積形成水下堆積體。堆積體 的面積逐漸擴(kuò)大,在枯水季節(jié)露出水面,形成河漫灘(見下圖)。

【補(bǔ)充說明】我們這節(jié)課簡要地分析了陸地環(huán)境的三種地域分異規(guī)律。實(shí)際上,世界上的任何事物有其一般性,也有它的特 殊性。在地帶性分異規(guī)律的基礎(chǔ)上,陸地環(huán)境因?yàn)槭艿胶j懛植?、地?起伏等因素的影響,也會(huì)出現(xiàn)一些不規(guī)律的現(xiàn)象,這種現(xiàn)象稱為非地帶性。例如,我們在初中地理中學(xué)過綠洲。還記得什么叫綠洲嗎?再比如,在南美洲的西海岸(太平洋沿岸),有一條狹長的(熱帶)荒漠帶,而缺少熱帶草原帶,熱帶雨林帶主要是分布在赤道以北地區(qū)。這主要是受大的地形起伏的影響。因?yàn)槟厦乐尬鞑渴且涣懈叽蟮陌驳谒股矫},受其影響,兩邊的氣候狀況不同,所以就出現(xiàn)了分布規(guī)律不同的自然帶,這也是一種非地帶性現(xiàn)象?!究偨Y(jié)】有規(guī)律分布的自然帶構(gòu)成了全球和諧的自然環(huán)境整體。自然帶之間錯(cuò)綜復(fù)雜的、微妙的要素關(guān)系,有許多是人類還沒有認(rèn)識(shí)到的。因此,人類不能隨意去破壞任何哪怕是極微小的環(huán)節(jié),也許它 帶來的影響會(huì)是全球性的。保護(hù)全球環(huán)境,人人有責(zé)。

一、知識(shí)和技能1.使學(xué)生了解地球的圈層構(gòu)造,初步掌握地球內(nèi)部圈層的組成和劃分依據(jù)2.使學(xué)生了解各內(nèi)部圈層的界限、厚度、物理性狀等。二、過程和方法1.使學(xué)生了解研究地球內(nèi)部構(gòu)造的方法,從而認(rèn)識(shí)人類對未知事物所進(jìn)行的探索實(shí)踐,激發(fā)同學(xué)們學(xué)科學(xué)、愛科學(xué)的興趣及責(zé)任感。2.了解地球內(nèi)部圈層劃分實(shí)況及各層主要特點(diǎn),從宏觀上認(rèn)識(shí)全球的整體面貌,形成地球系統(tǒng)觀念。3.通過歸納、總結(jié)、對比地球內(nèi)部各層的特點(diǎn),對學(xué)生進(jìn)行綜合歸納等思維能力的培養(yǎng)和訓(xùn)練。三、情感、態(tài)度、價(jià)值觀通過學(xué)習(xí)對學(xué)生進(jìn)行熱愛自然、熱愛科學(xué)的教育,鼓勵(lì)學(xué)生獻(xiàn)身于科學(xué)教育事業(yè)?!窘虒W(xué)重點(diǎn)】1.地震波的波速及傳播特點(diǎn),區(qū)別橫波與縱波。2.地球內(nèi)部圈層劃分實(shí)況及各層主要特點(diǎn),特別是地殼的特點(diǎn)。3.巖石圈概念,軟流層知識(shí)。

討論:二氧化碳在大氣的受熱過程中起到了什么作用?(吸收太陽輻射中的紅外線輻射和地面輻射,保溫作用)大氣中的二氧化碳濃度增大對氣溫有什么影響?(全球氣候變暖)閱讀:我們知道了太陽輻射中的可見光和紅外 光能量的吸收和轉(zhuǎn)化,那么紫外區(qū)的能量到哪兒去了?請同學(xué)們查閱資料,自主探討。小結(jié):大氣的受熱過 程就是太陽曬熱了地面,地面烘熱了大氣。太陽輻射是大氣的根本熱源,地面輻射是大氣的直接熱源。這就是為什么海拔越高,氣溫越低的原因,難怪高處不勝寒!轉(zhuǎn)承:大氣的直接熱源是地面,不同性質(zhì)的地面溫度是不同的,同緯度,海洋和陸地就有溫差。提問:請學(xué)生說說白天和晚上在海邊的不同感受。由白天和晚上的風(fēng)向不同切入實(shí)驗(yàn)P32活動(dòng)。討論:通過煙霧的飄動(dòng),我們得出了什么規(guī)律?冷熱不均引起了熱力環(huán)流板書: 二、熱力環(huán)流板圖與分析:結(jié)合試驗(yàn),學(xué)生分析熱力環(huán)流 的產(chǎn)生

晶晶和亮亮是兩滴巖漿,他們生活在地球內(nèi)部的:巖漿之家。一天,他們得到批準(zhǔn),與其他同伴一起到地球表面進(jìn)行旅行。他們飛快地奔向地表,半路上,晶晶覺得累了,于是就與亮亮約好,在地表匯合。亮亮沒有停步,與其他伙伴一起跳出地表,并沿著山坡往低處流動(dòng)。忽然,亮亮發(fā)現(xiàn)自己不能再動(dòng)了,不禁問旁邊的同伴這是怎么一回事。同伴笑著說:“別擔(dān)心,只不過你已經(jīng)不再是巖漿罷了?!眴栴}1、為什么同伴說亮亮已經(jīng)不再是一滴巖漿了?2、你認(rèn)為亮亮還可以繼續(xù)他的地表旅行嗎?請說明原因。(由學(xué)生討論回答。)過了好長的一段時(shí)間,亮亮發(fā)現(xiàn)自己的個(gè)頭變小了,并隨著風(fēng)和流水往前運(yùn)動(dòng)了。亮亮邊走邊欣賞著地表美麗的風(fēng)光。忽然,亮亮發(fā)現(xiàn)一個(gè)熟悉的身影,認(rèn)真一看,原來是晶晶。亮亮驚訝地問:“你是怎么來到地表的?”3、請你簡要推測晶晶到達(dá)地表的過程。(由學(xué)生討論回答。)亮亮和晶晶又一起踏上旅程。

1.生產(chǎn)功能:合成有機(jī)物的能力2.平衡功能:使自然地理要素的性質(zhì)保持穩(wěn)定的能力【教師講解】生產(chǎn)功能主要依賴于光合作用。在光合作用過程中,植物提供葉綠素,大氣提供熱量和二氧化碳,土壤及水圈、巖石圈提供水分及無機(jī)鹽。光合作用通過物質(zhì)和能量的交換,將生物、大氣、水、土壤、巖石等地理要素統(tǒng)一在一起,在一定的條件下,生產(chǎn)出有機(jī)物。由此可見,生產(chǎn)功能是自然環(huán)境的整體功能而非單個(gè)地理要素的功能。大氣本身不具有減緩二氧化碳增加的功能,但是,在自然地理環(huán)境中,通過各地理要素的相互作用,卻能消除部分新增的二氧化碳的能力,既為自然地理環(huán)境的平衡功能。請大家閱讀教材P94活動(dòng),利用平衡功能的原理,解釋一定范圍內(nèi)各物種的數(shù)量基本恒定這一現(xiàn)象?!緦W(xué)生討論回答】略。(可參考教參)【轉(zhuǎn)折】自然地理環(huán)境各要素每時(shí)每刻都在演化,如我們熟知的氣候變化、地貌變化等。各個(gè)要素的發(fā)展演化是統(tǒng)一的,一個(gè)要素的演化伴隨著其他各個(gè)要素的演化。
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