
一、教學目標知識與能力:了解或掌握英國工業(yè)革命的條件和重要發(fā)明及進程,掌握工業(yè)革命的影響。分析工業(yè)革命首先發(fā)生在英國的條件和工業(yè)革命的影響,領會生產(chǎn)力和生產(chǎn)關系,經(jīng)濟基礎和上層建筑之間的辯證關系;分析工業(yè)革命對世界市場發(fā)展的影響,提高材料解析能力;分析世界市場基本形成的影響,培養(yǎng)學生運用辯證唯物主義和歷史唯物主義分析歷史事件的能力。過程與方法:啟發(fā)式談話法,問題探究法:層層設疑,環(huán)環(huán)相扣,由淺入深地理解知識。聯(lián)系比較法:構建知識體系,突出事物特點。情感態(tài)度與價值觀:懂得科學技術是第一生產(chǎn)力,使學生尊重科學,熱愛科學;正確認識工業(yè)文明的成就與代價,幫助學生形成正確價值觀;聯(lián)系中國歷史深刻理解科技興國,深化改革的必要性。二、教學重點和難點重點:英國工業(yè)革命產(chǎn)生的原因、工業(yè)革命的主要成就和影響。難點:工業(yè)革命對資本主義世界市場發(fā)展的影響。課時安排:1課時教具準備: 多媒體課件以及相應教學資料。

The themes of this part are “Talk about how to become an astronaut” and “Talk about life in space”. As Neil Armstrong said “Mystery creates wonder and wonder is the basis of man’s desire to understand. Space is difficult for human to reach, therefore, humans are full of wonders about it. However, if wanting to achieve the dream of reaching the Moon, some of our human should work hard to be an astronaut at first. Part A(Talk about how to become an astronaut) is a radio interview in a radio studio, where the host asked the Chinese astronauts about his story how to become an astronaut. Yang Liwei told his dreamed to be an astronaut since childhood. Then he worked hard to get into college at 22. The next 10 years, he gradually became an experienced pilot. At the same time, to be an astronaut, he had to study hard English, science and astronomy and trained hard to keep in good physical and mental health and to practise using space equipment. Part B (Talk about life in space) is also an interview with the astronaut Brown, who is back on the earth. The host Max asked about his space life, such as his emotion about going back the earth, the eating, shower, brushing, hobbies and his work. Part A and Part B are interviews. So expressing curiosity about the guests’ past life is a communicative skill, which students should be guided to learn.1. Students can get detailed information about how Yang Liwei became an astronaut and Max’s space life.2. Students learn to proper listening strategy to get detailed information---listening for numbers and taking notes.3. Students can learn related sentences or phrases to express their curiosity like “ I wish to know...” “I’d love to know...”4. Students can learn more about the space and astronauts, even be interested in working hard to be an astronaut

Step 3 Analyzing article structureActivity 31. Teachers raise questions to guide students to analyze the chapter structure of this diary and think about how to describe the festival experience. (1)What should be included in the opening/body/closing paragraph(s)?(2)How did the writer arrange his/her ideas?(3)What kind of interesting details did the writer describe?(4)How did the writer describe his/her feelings/emotions during the event?2. Students read and compare the three sentence patterns in activity 2. Try to rewrite the first paragraph of the diary with these three sentence patterns. After that, students exchange corrections with their partners. Such as:●This was my first time spending three days experiencing the Naadam Festival in China’s Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region and it was an enjoyable and exciting experience. ●I'll never forget my experience at the Naadam Festival because it was my first time to watch the exciting Mongolian games of horse racing, wrestling, and archery so closely. ●I'll always remember my first experience at the Naadam Festival in China’s Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region because it was so amazing to spend three days witnessing a grand Mongolian ceremony. Step 4 Accumulation of statementsActivity 41. Ask the students to read the diary again. Look for sentences that express feelings and emotions, especially those with the -ing form and the past participle. Such as:● …h(huán)orse racing, wrestling, and archery, which are all so exciting to watch. ● some amazing performances● I was surprised to see…● I was a little worried about. . . ● feeling really tiredOther emotional statements:●I absolutely enjoyed the archery, too, but the horse races were my favourite part. ●I'm finally back home now, feeling really tired, but celebrating Naadam with my friend was totally worth it. ●He invited me back for the winter to stay in a traditional Mongolian tent and cat hot pot. I can’t wait!2. In addition to the use of the -ing form and the past participle, the teacher should guide the students in the appreciation of these statements, ask them to memorize them, and encourage them to use them reasonably in writing practice.

The theme of this unit focuses on “space exploration.” Students will learn about the training and experience needed to become an astronaut. The text is mainly about the development of space exploration. On the one hand, the text helps students to have a good understanding about the great feats humans have achieved, on the other hand, they will further understand the contributions that we Chinese have achieved, and feel confident and proud about our homeland and strengthen their love for our country. The teacher should instruct students to aim high and study harder to make great progress in the space career if possible.1. Read about the development and value of space exploration.2. Explore the mysteries of the universe and the achievements in space exploration.3. Skillfully use the vocabulary of this text to cultivate self-study ability 4. Develop cooperative learning ability through discussion.1. Enable the Ss to talk about the development and value of space exploration.2. Guide the Ss to summarize the main idea of each paragraph as well as the main idea of the text.3. Help Ss comprehend the main reasons for space exploration. Multi-media, textbook, notebooks.Step 1: Warming up and predictionLook at the title and the pictures of the text and predict what the text will be about?2. What are the main reasons for space exploration?

⑦在我看來, 探索太空是值得的。As far as I am concerned, it is worthwhile to explore the space.Step 10 Writing---draftRecently, students in our class have had heated a discussion on whether space is worth exploring. Students hold different ideas about it.30% of us think space exploration is not worthwhile. They think space is too far away from us and our daily life and is a waste of money. And the money spent on space exploration can be used to solve the earth’s problems such as starvation and pollution.On the other hand,70% think space is worth exploring because we have benefited a lot from it,such as using satellites for communication and weather forecast. What’s more,with further space research,we may solve the population problem by moving to other planets one day. Also,space research will enable us to find new sources to solve the problem of energy shortages on the earth.As far as I am concerned, it is worthwhile to explore the space. Not only can it promote the development of society but also enrich our life. Step 11 Pair workExchange drafts with a partner. Use this checklist to help your partner revise his/her draft.1.Does the writer explain why he/she changed/wanted to change?2.Does the writer tell how the changes have improved or will improve his/her life?3.Is the text well-organised?4.Does the writer use words and expressions to show similarities and differences?5.Are there any grammar or spelling errors?6.Does the writer use correct punctuation?

? Could you offer me some kind of work here?? I don’t want your charity, I just want an honest job.? Careless: I landed in Britain by accident.Step 7:Consolidation.? Find Henry? Roderick and Oliver were I .making a bet when they saw Henry, a poor young man. ? Know Henry? About a month ago, Henry was sailing and later he found himself carried out to sea by a strong wind. Fortunately, he 2.was spotted by a ship. And it was the ship that brought him to 3.England? Offer money to Henry ? Oliver and Roderick gave Henry a letter and told him that there was money in it. They 4.persuaded him to accept it, and made him 5.promise that it wouldn't be opened until 2 o'clock.Step 8:Language pointsa large amount of: a large quantity of; a great deal ofe.g. They bought a large amount of furniture before they moved their new house.make a bet: make an arrangement to risk money, etc. on an event of which the result is doubtful.e.g. We made a bet on the result of the match.permit sb to do something: allow somebody to do somethinge.g. My mother doesn’t permit me to ride in the street after it rained.by accident: as a result of chancee.g. I only found it by accident.stare at: look at somebody or something with the eyes wide open in a fixed gaze( in astonishment, wonder, fear, etc)to be honest: to tell you the truth; to be franke.g. To be honest, I don’t think we have a chance of winning.Step7 Homework:What do you think will happen to Henry? Will the bank-note help him or get him into trouble?

2. 您能看到, 我頭發(fā)太長了。You can see that my hair is much too long.3. 無論什么時候, 只要您想回來就回來。Please come back whenever you want.4. 您僅有很少的頭發(fā)要理! You only have too little hair to cut !5. 為您服務是我的榮幸!It is my honour to serve you!Step 9 Writing(Henry is walking down the street when he sees a sign for a place that cuts hair. He decides to have it cut. )H=Henry B=BarberH: Good afternoon, I’d like to have my hair cut, if I may. (The barber looks at Henry’s hair and continues cutting another man’s hair. ) Er, I’d really like a haircut. As you can see it’s much too long. B: (in a rude manner) Yes, I can see that. Indeed, I can. H: Fine, well, I’ll have a seat then. (He sits in one of the barber’s chairs. The barber turns to look at Henry. )B: It’s quite expensive here, you know! Are you sure you can afford it?H: Yes. I think so. (After his hair is cut, the barber tells Henry how much he must pay. Henry shows the barber the bank note. )B: Why Mr. . . (looks shocked)H: Adams. Henry Adams. I’m sorry. I don’t have any change. B: Please don’t worry! (wearing a big smile) Nothing to worry about! Nothing at all! Please come back whenever you want, even if you only have too little hair to cut! It will be my honour to serve you!Step 10 Pair workExchange drafts with a partner. Use this checklist to help your partner revise his/her draft.1. Are all the elements of a play included and in good order ?2. Do the character use suitable language ?3. Are the stage directions clear and useful ?4. Is the plot clear and exciting enough ?

論證方法之引證法如何用好引證法:1.所引用的名言警句等針對性要強。每句名言都產(chǎn)生于特定的背景,都應用于特定的交際目的,即使談同一個問題,也有不少名言可供選取。2.要簡潔,不宜過多。議論是在發(fā)表自己的見解而不是在介紹他人的見解。引用他人的話,目的是為了讓讀者更加信服自己的話。3.要注意直接引用和間接引用的區(qū)別。直接引用務求文字、甚至標點均準確無誤;間接引用只須述其大意,但要注意人稱的轉(zhuǎn)換。論證方法之喻證法喻證法是用設喻來論證論點的方法。在議論文中,設喻可以使論點更易懂、更風趣、更容易獲得讀者的認同。喻證法能化抽象為具體、化艱深為淺顯、化枯燥為生動。論證方法之喻證法如何用好喻證法:1.以小見大,就近取譬。要精選生活中細小的、人們熟悉的事物做為設喻的喻體。2.喻體不求形似,只求神似。做為喻證的喻體與做為比喻的喻體不同。比喻的喻體是為了強調(diào)特征,描繪事物,側(cè)重形似,以形比形;而喻證的喻體是為了闡發(fā)觀點,以正視聽,力求神似,以義取形。

設問:你怎么看待這個問題的?(這是達爾文沒有想到的,是有人利用了達爾文的學說,科學應該與其區(qū)分開來,但是科學家在研究時,既要做到為追求真理不斷探索,又要有一定的人文精神,比如我們只有以人為本,才能找到解決當今社會面臨的諸如環(huán)保、戰(zhàn)爭、饑荒等問題的途徑,才能構建防止核物理技術、克隆技術、信息技術、生物技術、太空技術等可能對人類造成不可逆轉(zhuǎn)的破壞作用的思想基礎、決策機制和社會條件。更重要的是社會和國家應該對此有足夠的認識,正因為此,所以現(xiàn)在當一項科學發(fā)明出臺后,就會有一些法律出臺,限制其可能的非人道用途。但是這些影響應不成為我們進行科學探究的阻礙。)(3)科學與宗教的斗爭設計意圖:再次引導學生認識,科學的探索永無止境,同時也再次認識宗教和科學理論產(chǎn)生的原因。材料1:1972年,美國加利福尼亞教育部竟明文規(guī)定,中學生物學課本除進化論外,必須還有神創(chuàng)論的內(nèi)容,而且兩者的頁數(shù)要各占一半。

教學重點1.自由落體運動的概念及探究自由落體運動的過程。2.掌握自由落體運動規(guī)律,并能運用其解決實際問題。教學難點演示實驗和探究實驗的技巧及自由落體運動規(guī)律的得出.教學過程設計思想:1、 先用游戲激發(fā)學生學習興趣,順理成章地研究落體運動;2、 通過演示實驗讓學生自己總結出物體下落快慢不同的主要原因是空氣阻力,從而猜想若沒有空氣阻力會怎樣;3、 用牛頓管實驗驗證猜想,引入了新的理想運動模型:自由落體運動。講述1971年宇航員做的實驗,加深印象;4、 了解地球表面物體下落運動近似成自由落體運動的條件;5、 著手研究自由落體運動的規(guī)律,利用打點計時器進行研究,得到結論;6、 總結自由落體運動特點及重力加速度;7、 應用訓練

一、教學目標1、知識與技能(1)知道時間和時刻的含義以及它們的區(qū)別。知道在實驗室測量時間的方法。(2)知道位移的概念,知道它是表示質(zhì)點位置變動的物理量,知道它是矢量,可以用有向線段來表示。(3)知道位移和路程的區(qū)別。2、過程與方法(1)聯(lián)系生活實際,通過師生共同討論的方法來確定時刻與時間、位置、位移及其路程的關系。(2)通過類比的數(shù)學方法用數(shù)學上的點、線段來突破時刻與時間的關系,直線運動的位置和位移。(3)嘗試運用所學的概念判斷一些與生活相關的實際問題。3.情感態(tài)度與價值觀(1)通過本節(jié)課的學習,使學生體會到物理現(xiàn)象和規(guī)律所蘊含的自然美。(2)通過對問題的討論,培養(yǎng)學生勇于探究與日常生活有關的物理學問題。(3)培養(yǎng)學生有主動與他人合作的團隊精神,提高學生的科學素養(yǎng)。二、教學重點、難點重點:1、時間、時刻、位置、位移的概念。2、矢量與標量的概念。

①平動的物體一般可以看作質(zhì)點做平動的物體,由于物體上各點的運動情況相同,可以用一個點代表整個物體的運動,在這種情況下,物體的大小、形狀就無關緊要了,可以把整個物體當質(zhì)點。例如:平直公路上行駛的汽車,車身上各部分的運動情況相同,當我們把汽車作為一個整體來研究它的運動的時候,就可以把汽車當作質(zhì)點。當然,假如我們需要研究汽車輪胎的運動,由于輪胎上各部分運動情況不相同,那就不能把它看作質(zhì)點了。要注意的是:同一物體在不同情況下有時可看質(zhì)點,有時不可以看作質(zhì)點,一列火車從北京開到上海,研究火車的運行的時間,可將火車看成質(zhì)點,而火車過橋時,計算火車過橋的時間,不可以將火車看成質(zhì)點。②有轉(zhuǎn)動但轉(zhuǎn)動為次要因素例如:研究地球公轉(zhuǎn)時,可把地球看作質(zhì)點;研究地球自轉(zhuǎn)時,不能把地球看作質(zhì)點。③物體的形狀、大小可忽略再如:乒乓球旋轉(zhuǎn)對球的運動的較大的影響,運動員在發(fā)球、擊球時都要考慮,就不能把乒乓球簡單看作質(zhì)點。

閱讀教材后總結:是萬有引力的作用把宇宙中的恒星和行星聚集在一起,組成了太陽系、銀河系和其他星系.力的相互作用遍布我們周圍的一切物體.除此之外還有電荷間的相互作用、磁體間的相互作用,我們把這種力稱為電磁相互作用.【思考與討論】質(zhì)子帶正電,但質(zhì)子(與中子一起)卻能聚集在一起構成原子核.你能推測是什么力的作用結果嗎?攻略一:閱讀教材53頁,師生共同討論、總結.攻略二:網(wǎng)絡搜索或工具書查閱“四種基本相互作用”,進一步了解概念.結論:決定物質(zhì)的結構和變化過程的基本的相互作用.近代物理確認各種物質(zhì)之間的基本的相互作用可歸結為四種:引力相互作用、電磁相互作用、弱相互作用和強相互作用.近代物理的觀點傾向于認為:四種基本相互作用是統(tǒng)一的,物理學家們正在為建立大統(tǒng)一理論而努力.但至今也沒有公認的結論,望同學們好好學習,為科學事業(yè)奉獻自己的聰明和才智.

二、課堂教學(課前由科代表發(fā)回預習學案)1、教師根據(jù)預習學案檢查結果提出問題(用多媒體展示),引導全班討論(重點討論:①、為什么動能的表達式一定是 mV2 ?你如何得出這個結論?②、力在一個過程中對物體所做的功,和物體在這個過程中動能的變化量有什么關系?你如何得出這個結論?這個做功的力和F=ma中的力F有什么關系)。有困難的小組應及時問老師。老師在這個過程中巡視指導。2、學生自主閱讀課文“7 動能和動能定理”中的“動能的表達式”,然后完成如下練習(教師在此過程中巡視指導):2.1嘗試推出動能的表達式(鼓勵會推導的同學積極上臺板演,老師引導討論)。2.2寫出動能的小結(認真閱讀教材p66倒數(shù)第二段、第三段,結合你推導動能表達式的過程,認真思考后四人一組討論:①、動能是矢量還是標量?②、動能的單位是什么?③、你認為應從哪幾方面來理解動能?)

1、教師先演示投影:把小鋼珠放在黑墨水瓶蓋里轉(zhuǎn)一下(內(nèi)有一點點墨水),再放在半圓形有機玻璃軌道上運動并飛出,讓鋼珠在白紙上留下痕跡,同樣在3/5半圓周,4/5半圓周上運動飛出,讓學生猜測飛出方向由什么特點?(有機玻璃板說明:厚約5毫米,略小于小鋼珠直徑,圓弧半徑15厘米,MN邊稍長些,以便過MN做直線,根據(jù)半徑大小確定圓心O位置。)學生猜想:切線方向師:已知圓弧半徑為15厘米。如何驗證?請用幾何方法作圖驗證。生:標出飛出點和圓心,做圓心和飛出點的連線,用量角尺量出該連線和飛出軌跡直線的夾角,是否90度。2、再分組實驗,提醒同桌配合,小心鋼珠滾跑。實驗完畢,要求作圖驗證,并互相討論交流。3、交流和結論:師:要引導學生得出正確的科學結論:“圓周運動的物體的速度方向為該點的切線方向”,而不能直接得出“曲線運動的的物體速度方向為該點的切線方向”。

教學目標㈠知識與技能1.要弄清實驗目的,本實驗為驗證性實驗,目的是利用重物的自由下落驗證機械能守恒定律。2.要明確實驗原理,掌握實驗的操作方法與技巧、學會實驗數(shù)據(jù)的采集與處理,能夠進行實驗誤差的分析,從而使我們對機械能守恒定律的認識,不止停留在理論的推導上,而且還能夠通過親自操作和實際觀測,從感性上增加認識,深化對機械能守恒定律的理解。3.要明確織帶選取及測量瞬時速度簡單而準確的方法。㈡過程與方法1.通過學生自主學習,培養(yǎng)學生設計實驗、采集數(shù)據(jù),處理數(shù)據(jù)及實驗誤差分析的能力。2.通過同學們的親自操作和實際觀測掌握實驗的方法與技巧。3.通過對紙帶的處理過程培養(yǎng)學生獲取信息、處理信息的能力,體會處理問題的方法,領悟如何間接測一些不能直接測量的物理量的方法。

一、學習任務分析1.教材的地位和作用在物理學中,能量并不是由功定義的。能量的概念是在人類追尋“運動中的守恒量是什么”的過程中發(fā)展起來的。能量概念之所以重要,就是因為它是一個守恒量。守恒關系是自然中十分重要的關系,從中學開始加強學生對守恒關系的認識是有益的,因為它是極為重要的研究方向。根據(jù)這種認識,所以本節(jié)從追尋守恒量出發(fā)引入能量概念,為能量學習奠定了基礎并把這種物理思想滲透在能量學習的全過程。2.學習的主要任務“追尋守恒量”一節(jié),主要是使學生了解守恒思想的重要性。學生在學習本節(jié)課前已經(jīng)學習了能量的有關知識,在過去的教學中,是先學習能量的概念,而后研究一兩個具體問題,發(fā)現(xiàn)動能與勢能之和在某些過程中不變,由此引出機械能守恒定律?!皺C械能守恒”這個詞學生并不陌生,但是讓學生說出自己對它的認識又不是一件容易的事。

一、教材分析在初中階段,物理量單位的學習是學生較為困惑的問題之一。前面關于1N的規(guī)定給學生的印象總好像是有些隨意。尤其是牛頓、帕斯卡、安培、伏特、焦耳、瓦特等單位的規(guī)定。使得學生感動物理太復雜。事實上,只有把單位制放在整個物理學框架中加以認識,并且知識有了一定的積累。經(jīng)歷了充分的學習過程后才能體會物理量單位的命名和使用規(guī)則。體會到其中對一些單位進行規(guī)定的合理性和方便特征。物理學單位中,有很少幾個基本物理量,它們的單位就是基本單位。在進行了這種選定之后,其它物理量的單位就是根據(jù)它的定義式,有所選擇的其他物理量的單位共同確定的。國際單位制的建立和使用,不僅方便了國際間的交流,也逐漸成為科學研究中計算和運用的一種規(guī)范約束。中學生應該注意學習,逐步習慣,在記錄、表達和計算中規(guī)范使用。二、教學目標(一)知識與技能1.了解什么是單位制,知道力學中的三個基本單位;2.認識單位制在物理計算中的作用

演示實驗1、將一張紙和一張金屬片在同一高度同時釋放,結果金屬片先著地。教師不發(fā)表意見,繼續(xù)做實驗。分別將實驗內(nèi)容和實驗結果板書在黑板上。2、將剛才的紙片緊緊捏成一團,再次與硬幣同時釋放,結果兩者幾乎同時落地。3、將兩個完全一樣的紙片,一個捏成團,一個平展,則紙團下落快。師:物體下落快慢是由質(zhì)量決定嗎?生:不是的!師:為什么這樣說?生:第2個實驗和第三實驗都說明了這個問題,特別是第3個問題,質(zhì)量一樣卻下落有快慢之分。師:那你現(xiàn)在覺得物體下落快慢由什么因素決定呢?生:我想應該是空氣阻力。猜想師:如果影響物體下落快慢的因素是空氣阻力,那么在沒有空氣阻力,物體的下落快慢應該是一樣的,這種猜想是不是正確呢?我們來做一個實驗驗證一下。

具體過程:先用懸掛法確定重心之后,在板上固定一條細線ab,讓ab穿過重心c點,再在其重心c處拴上細繩提拉,驗證薄板可以水平平衡.如圖3-1-6、3-1-7所示.歸納:物體的重心可在物體之上,也可在物體之外.結論:規(guī)則均勻的物體重心在其幾何中心;不規(guī)則不均勻的物體重心用懸掛法.例3一個被吊著的均勻的球殼,其內(nèi)部注滿了水,在球的底部有一帶閥門的細出水口.在打開閥門讓水慢慢流出的過程中,球殼與其中的水的共同重心將會()A.一直下降B.一直不變C.先下降后上升D.先上升后下降先讓學生自己回答,估計很多學生會選擇A;教師提示開始和最終重心的位置,學生很快就能得出正確答案.借機引導學生思考問題要全面.參考答案:在注滿水時,球殼和水的共同重心在球心,隨著水的流出,球殼的重心不變,但是水的重心下降,二者共同的重心在下降.當水流完時,重心又回到球心,故選項C正確.
PPT全稱是PowerPoint,LFPPT為你提供免費PPT模板下載資源。讓你10秒輕松搞定幻燈片制作,打造?顏值的豐富演示文稿素材模版合集。