
f.有絲分裂的意義(討論分析教學(xué)),首先引導(dǎo)學(xué)生結(jié)合所學(xué)知識(shí)討論有絲分裂的的作用,最后有教師歸納總結(jié),并要求學(xué)生在理解的基礎(chǔ)上記憶。g.無(wú)絲分裂(圖形直觀教學(xué)、簡(jiǎn)介),本部分內(nèi)容不是教學(xué)的重點(diǎn),內(nèi)容也相對(duì)簡(jiǎn)單,所以我的教學(xué)方法是直接給學(xué)生展示掛圖,再進(jìn)行簡(jiǎn)短介紹,讓學(xué)生了解即可。h.引出減數(shù)分裂的概念,為第五章學(xué)習(xí)打下基礎(chǔ)。小結(jié):新課講完以后由教師對(duì)本節(jié)內(nèi)容進(jìn)行總結(jié)鞏固和反饋:進(jìn)行一些課堂練習(xí)達(dá)到鞏固和反饋的作用。最后布置作業(yè),各種難度的作業(yè)題目均設(shè)置一些,其中簡(jiǎn)單題比重大,難題要求學(xué)生選作,這樣提高學(xué)生學(xué)習(xí)積極性。2教學(xué)媒體程序設(shè)計(jì): 細(xì)胞周期的概念(多媒體課件演示周期動(dòng)畫(huà))植物細(xì)胞有絲分裂(多媒體課件演示分裂各期動(dòng)畫(huà))動(dòng)植物細(xì)胞有絲分裂異同點(diǎn)(多媒體課件演示分裂各期動(dòng)畫(huà))有絲分裂過(guò)程中DNA和染色體數(shù)量的變化規(guī)律(掛圖演示,包括表格和函數(shù)圖象)

In this step, give students a few minutes to read the passage . While they are reading, I will write some key words of the text on the blackboard. Then ask students to retell the passage according to the key words.By retelling, students can improve their ability of language organization and have an overall understanding of the article.Step 4 Group discussionIn this step, students will be divided into groups of 4 to discussion the following question: What qualities make a great person?After their discussion, invite a few groups to make a report to the class.This group discussion can practice students’ oral English and cultivate their abilities of cooperation and communication.Step 5. HomeworkLet students write a short passage to introduce a great person he or she admires.The homework can consolidate the knowledge the students have learned and cultivate their writing ability. Part 6 Blackboard Design(板書(shū)設(shè)計(jì))That’s all my teaching procedures. Finally, I’d like to say sth about part 6 blackboard design. On the top is the title. On the left, there will be some new words and expressions. In the middle of the blackboard, I will write some useful sentence structures so that the students can know clearly what they’ve learned and then try to master the knowledge.OK. That’s all for my presentation. Thank you for your attention.

Step 7 Language points 1.Vocabulary (1) go through (2) set down (3) a series of (4) on purpose (5) in order to (6)at dusk (7)entirely (8)face to face 2.Important sentences (1)…I’ve grown so crazy about everything to do with nature. (2)There was a time when … (3)I stayed awake on purpose until … (4)It was the first time … that I’d seen the night … (5)It’s no pleasure looking through … Purpose: 1.Master the required vocabulary and sentence structures. 2.Use them freely. Step 8 Consolidation 1.Find out the topic sentences 2.Retell the text according to the topic sentences Purpose: I want to know if my students understand the text. Step 9 Discussion Imagine you have to go into hiding like Anne and her family, what would you miss most? Giveyour reasons. Purpose: Train Ss’ oral English ability. Step 10 Homework Write an article on Friends. Purpose: 1. Improve the Ss’ writing ability. 2 Train the Ss’ ability of self—teaching and looking up information by themselves. Part 5 Blackboard design(說(shuō)板書(shū)設(shè)計(jì))Unit 1 Friendship Reading Anne’s Best Friend 1.Main idea of each paragraph: Para. 1 Anne made her diary her best friend. Para .2 Anne wrote her feelings in her diary. Para .3 Anne missed nature. Para.4 Anne saw the night face to face Para.5 Anne wanted to experience nature outdoors. 2.Listening: Exx.1 P3 3.Discussion: Exx.3 P3 Purpose: 1.Make Ss familiar with the passage 2.Make the design inductive, instructive and artistic.

一、導(dǎo)入新課人類社會(huì)越來(lái)越現(xiàn)代化,新科學(xué)技術(shù)日新月異,令人目不暇接,稱之到了“知識(shí)爆炸”的時(shí)代也毫不為過(guò)。由此而來(lái)的是生活的快節(jié)奏,學(xué)習(xí)和工作的競(jìng)爭(zhēng)也越來(lái)越激烈。這種競(jìng)爭(zhēng)一直波及到了兒童,加之中國(guó)幾千年來(lái)形成的望子成龍的傳統(tǒng)觀念,使作父母的把一切希望都寄托在孩子身上,實(shí)現(xiàn)自己未能實(shí)現(xiàn)的理想。祖孫三代4、2、1的局面,使12只眼睛都盯在了孩子身上,真是走路怕摔著,吃飯怕噎著,干活怕累著,要星星不敢摘月亮,要吃什么跑遍全城也要買來(lái)。這種過(guò)分保護(hù)、溺愛(ài)及過(guò)早地灌輸知識(shí)會(huì)得到什么結(jié)果呢?樂(lè)觀者說(shuō)孩子越來(lái)越聰明,越來(lái)越早熟,將來(lái)能更好適應(yīng)現(xiàn)代化的要求;悲觀者則認(rèn)為豆芽菜式的孩子將來(lái)經(jīng)不起風(fēng)浪,小皇帝太多了很難凝聚成統(tǒng)一力量,將來(lái)誰(shuí)去當(dāng)兵,誰(shuí)去干那些艱苦創(chuàng)業(yè)性工作……。對(duì)孩子本身來(lái)說(shuō),是幸福還是……在此不想多發(fā)議論,還是讓我們來(lái)看看動(dòng)物世界的孩子們吧,也許會(huì)得到某種啟迪。

教材地位本課具有承上啟下的作用,前承文藝復(fù)興,后啟資產(chǎn)階級(jí)革命時(shí)代的到來(lái),啟蒙運(yùn)動(dòng)為資本主義社會(huì)構(gòu)建了一套政治藍(lán)圖,具有前瞻性,是近代第二次思想解放運(yùn)動(dòng)。因此,本節(jié)內(nèi)容在整個(gè)教材中有著很重要的地位。教學(xué)目標(biāo)1、知識(shí)目標(biāo):(1)幫助學(xué)生了解啟蒙運(yùn)動(dòng)的性質(zhì)、內(nèi)容和主要啟蒙 思想家及其主張。(2)理解啟蒙運(yùn)動(dòng)興起的背景、影響。2、能力目標(biāo):(1)在討論和探究過(guò)程中訓(xùn)練學(xué)生的科學(xué)思維方法和自主學(xué)習(xí)的能力和掌握解題的方法。(2)通過(guò)指導(dǎo)學(xué)生閱讀啟蒙思想家的言論資料,培養(yǎng)學(xué)生對(duì)歷史資料的理解和歸納能力。3、情感價(jià)值目標(biāo):(1)培養(yǎng)人文意識(shí),強(qiáng)化法治觀念。(2)培養(yǎng)學(xué)生的團(tuán)結(jié)協(xié)作精神和競(jìng)爭(zhēng)意識(shí)。教學(xué)重點(diǎn)、難點(diǎn)(1)教學(xué)重點(diǎn):?jiǎn)⒚伤枷爰业闹鲝埣皢⒚蛇\(yùn)動(dòng)的影響。

4.That was an experience that frightened everyone. →That was _____________________. 答案:1. taking 2. being discussed 3. in the reading room 4. a frightening experienceStep 6 The meaning and function of V-ing as the predicative動(dòng)詞-ing形式作表語(yǔ),它通常位于系動(dòng)詞后面,用以說(shuō)明主語(yǔ)“是什么”或“怎么樣”一種表示主語(yǔ)的特質(zhì)、特征和狀態(tài), 其作用相當(dāng)于形容詞; 另一種具體說(shuō)明主語(yǔ)的內(nèi)容, 即主語(yǔ)等同于表語(yǔ), 兩者可互換。The music they are playing sounds so exciting. 他們演奏的音樂(lè)聽(tīng)起來(lái)令人激動(dòng)。The result is disappointing. 結(jié)果令人失望。Our job is playing all kinds of music. 我們的工作就是演奏各種音樂(lè)。Seeing is believing. 眼見(jiàn)為實(shí)。Step 7 Practice1. It is ________(amaze) that the boy is able to solve the problem so quickly.2. Buying a car is simply _______(waste) money. 3. Please stop making the noise—it’s getting ________(annoy). 4. complete the passage with the appropriate -ing form.La Tomatina is a festival that takes place in the Spanish town Bunol every August. I think many food festivals are __________ because people are just eating. however, this festival is _________ because people don't actually eat the tomatoes. Instead, they throw them at each other! the number of people ________ part in this tomato fight, can reach up to 20,000, and it is a very __________ fight that lasts for a whole hour. The _______ thing is how clean Bunol is after the tomatoes are washed away after the fight. this is because the juice form tomatoes is really good for making surfaces clean!答案:1. amazing 2. wasting 3. annoying4. boring interesting taking exciting amazing

The topic of this part is “Discover the reasons for festivals and celebrations.The Listening & Speaking & Talking part aims at talking about the experiences and feelings or emotions about the festivals and celebrations. This section aims at detecting the reason why the people celebrate the festivals, the time, the places, the types and the way of celebrations. It also explains why some traditions in the old celebrations are disappearing, like the firecrackers in the big cities and some new things are appearing like the prosperity of business or commerce. 1. Students can talk about what festivals they know and the reasons and the way of celebrating them.2. Students should learn the reading skills such as the headline and get the topic sentences, the structures of articles.3. Students can understand the past, the present situation of some festival around the world and why there are some changes about them. 4. Students can have the international awareness about the festivals.1. Students should learn the reading skills such as the headline and get the topic sentences, the structures of articles.2. Students can understand the past, the present situation of some festival around the world and why there are some changes about them.Step 1 Lead in---Small talkWhat festival do you like best ? Why ?I like the Spring Festivals because I can set off the fireworks, receive the lucky money and enjoy the Gala with my families.Step 2 Before reading---Pair workWhy do people celebrate different festivals ?The Spring Festivals is to celebrate the end of winter and the coming of spring and new life.The Mid-autumn Day is to celebrate the harvest and admire the moon.

The theme of this section is “Talk about festival activities and festival experiences”.Festival and holiday is a relaxing and interesting topic for students. This part talks about the topic from the daily life of students’. In the part A ---Listening and Speaking, there are three conversations among different speakers from three countries(Japan, Rio and China), where the speakers are participating in or going to participate in the festivals and celebrations. So listening for the relationship among them is a fundamental task. Actually, with the globalization and more international communication, it is normal for Chinese or foreigners to witness different festivals and celebrations in or out of China. In the Conversation 1, a foreign reporter is interviewing a Japanese young girl who just had participated in the ceremony of the Coming-of-Age Day on the street and asking her feeling about the ceremony and the afterwards activities. Conversation 2, Chinese girl Li Mei is witnessing the Rio Carnival for the first time, and her friend Carla gives her some advice on the costumes which enables her to match with the carnival to have a good time. Conversation 3, a Chinese guide is showing a group of foreign visitors around the Lantern Festival and introducing the customs of the festival to them. The three conversations have a strong vitality and insert the festival and cultural elements from different countries. So perceiving the festivals and cultures from different countries is the second task. At the same time, the scripts also insert the targeted grammar --- v-ing as attributive and predicative, which students can perceive and experience in a real context and make a road for the further study. That is the third task. In the Part B--- Listening and Talking, the theme is “Talk about festival experience”, which is the common topic in our daily conversations. During the conversation, Song Lin, a Chinese student, asked Canadian friend Max about how to spend Christmas. In the conversation, Song Lin talked about experience and the feelings during the Chinese Spring Festival, during which there are not only some enjoyable things but some unpleasant things. After the listening, perhaps students find there are some similarities between Christmas and the Chinese Spring Festival as there are some differences in the origins and celebrations. For example, people always visit friends and relatives, decorate their houses, have a big dinner together, chat and give presents to each other.

Step 3 Analyzing article structureActivity 31. Teachers raise questions to guide students to analyze the chapter structure of this diary and think about how to describe the festival experience. (1)What should be included in the opening/body/closing paragraph(s)?(2)How did the writer arrange his/her ideas?(3)What kind of interesting details did the writer describe?(4)How did the writer describe his/her feelings/emotions during the event?2. Students read and compare the three sentence patterns in activity 2. Try to rewrite the first paragraph of the diary with these three sentence patterns. After that, students exchange corrections with their partners. Such as:●This was my first time spending three days experiencing the Naadam Festival in China’s Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region and it was an enjoyable and exciting experience. ●I'll never forget my experience at the Naadam Festival because it was my first time to watch the exciting Mongolian games of horse racing, wrestling, and archery so closely. ●I'll always remember my first experience at the Naadam Festival in China’s Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region because it was so amazing to spend three days witnessing a grand Mongolian ceremony. Step 4 Accumulation of statementsActivity 41. Ask the students to read the diary again. Look for sentences that express feelings and emotions, especially those with the -ing form and the past participle. Such as:● …h(huán)orse racing, wrestling, and archery, which are all so exciting to watch. ● some amazing performances● I was surprised to see…● I was a little worried about. . . ● feeling really tiredOther emotional statements:●I absolutely enjoyed the archery, too, but the horse races were my favourite part. ●I'm finally back home now, feeling really tired, but celebrating Naadam with my friend was totally worth it. ●He invited me back for the winter to stay in a traditional Mongolian tent and cat hot pot. I can’t wait!2. In addition to the use of the -ing form and the past participle, the teacher should guide the students in the appreciation of these statements, ask them to memorize them, and encourage them to use them reasonably in writing practice.

The topic of this part is “Write about your festival experience”.During the Listening and Speaking and Talking, students are just asked to say out their festival experiences such as the Spring Festival, Mid-autumn Day, but this part students will be asked to write down their own festival experiences. During the reading part, it introduces the Naadam Festival in Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, which can give students a good example to imitate. Students not only learn the festival, but touch and feel the Inner Mongolian’s character, the spirit and cultural atmosphere, which can help students form the cultural awareness and learn to enjoy and value the diversity of Chinese culture.Concretely, the dairy tells the experience that the author spent the Naadam Festival in Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region with his/her friend. The structure is clear. In the opening paragraph, it introduces the topic of the Naadam Festival and the whole feeling. Then it introduces the items of the festival like the ceremony, wrestling and horse racing. Finally, it summarizes this experience. Because this part is a travel journal, we must guide students pay more attention to these details: 1. use the first person. 2. use the past tense to tell the past thing and use the present or future tense to describe the scenery. 3. use the timeline to tell the development. 4. be careful for the author’s psychology, emotion and feeling, etc.1. Read quickly to get main idea; read carefully to get the detailed information about Naadam Festival.2. Learn the structure of the reading article and language.3. Write an article about a festival experience4. Learn to use the psychology, emotions and feeling in the writing.1. Write an article about a festival experience.2. Use the structure of the reading article and language.

2、教學(xué)目標(biāo)根據(jù)我對(duì)教材的理解、結(jié)合學(xué)生的實(shí)際情況、滲透新課程的教學(xué)理念,為提高全體學(xué)生的科學(xué)素養(yǎng),按課程標(biāo)準(zhǔn),以促進(jìn)全體學(xué)生發(fā)展為目的。從知識(shí)與技能、過(guò)程與方法,情感態(tài)度與價(jià)值觀三個(gè)方向培養(yǎng)學(xué)生,擬定三個(gè)教學(xué)目標(biāo):知識(shí)與技能:(1)知道什么是動(dòng)能。(2)正確理解和運(yùn)用動(dòng)能公式分析、解答有關(guān)問(wèn)題。(3)掌握外力對(duì)物體所做的總功的計(jì)算,理解“代數(shù)和”的含義。(4)理解和運(yùn)用動(dòng)能定理。過(guò)程與方法:通過(guò)演繹推理過(guò)程,培養(yǎng)科學(xué)研究興趣,領(lǐng)略物理學(xué)中所蘊(yùn)含的嚴(yán)謹(jǐn)?shù)倪壿嬯P(guān)系。情感、態(tài)度、價(jià)值觀:通過(guò)運(yùn)用動(dòng)能定理分析解決問(wèn)題,感受成功的喜悅,培養(yǎng)學(xué)生對(duì)科學(xué)研究的興趣。3、教學(xué)的重點(diǎn)和難點(diǎn)重點(diǎn):理解動(dòng)能定理、應(yīng)用動(dòng)能定理解決力學(xué)問(wèn)題。難點(diǎn):應(yīng)用動(dòng)能定理解決多個(gè)過(guò)程的力學(xué)問(wèn)題,以及變力做功或曲線運(yùn)動(dòng)中的動(dòng)能定理運(yùn)用。

一、說(shuō)教材《質(zhì)點(diǎn) 參考系和坐標(biāo)系》是人教版普通高中物理必修一第一章第一課的內(nèi)容。本節(jié)課主要介紹了質(zhì)點(diǎn)、參考系、坐標(biāo)系的基本概念。通過(guò)本節(jié)課的學(xué)習(xí)為進(jìn)一步學(xué)習(xí)后續(xù)課程起到了鋪墊的作用。根據(jù)上述教材的結(jié)構(gòu)和內(nèi)容分析,又考慮到高一年級(jí)學(xué)生的認(rèn)知結(jié)構(gòu)及其心理特征,我制定了以下三維教學(xué)目標(biāo):1、知識(shí)與技能:知道質(zhì)點(diǎn)的概念及條件;知道參考系的概念及作用;掌握坐標(biāo)系的簡(jiǎn)單應(yīng)用。2、過(guò)程與方法:促進(jìn)學(xué)生自主學(xué)習(xí),讓學(xué)生積極參與、樂(lè)于探究、勇于實(shí)驗(yàn)、勤于思考,培養(yǎng)學(xué)生的科學(xué)探究能力。3、情感態(tài)度與價(jià)值觀:通過(guò)質(zhì)點(diǎn) 參考系和坐標(biāo)系的學(xué)習(xí),使學(xué)生了解生活與物理的關(guān)系,讓學(xué)生學(xué)會(huì)用科學(xué)的思維去看待事物。根據(jù)普通高中物理課程標(biāo)準(zhǔn),并在吃透教材的基礎(chǔ)上,我確定了以下教學(xué)重點(diǎn)和難點(diǎn):教學(xué)重點(diǎn):質(zhì)點(diǎn)概念的建立。只有掌握了這一點(diǎn)才能更加準(zhǔn)確的理解和掌握后續(xù)教材的相關(guān)內(nèi)容。

第11段很短,只點(diǎn)出了這是“在婦女身上搞不育試驗(yàn)的地方”,但在最末又加了一句“否則他會(huì)羞紅了臉的”,這是為什么?那肯定是一個(gè)極為骯臟,極為殘酷的地方。據(jù)資料記載:當(dāng)時(shí)的希特勒制定一項(xiàng)令所有被征服或占領(lǐng)國(guó)家的民族充當(dāng)奴隸并且逐漸消亡的隱密性種族滅絕計(jì)劃——高效率、大規(guī)模的強(qiáng)制絕育。為此,數(shù)以百計(jì)的納粹醫(yī)生、教授、專家甚至護(hù)士,在行政管理專家的通力合作下,相繼提出了幾十種絕育方法,十余種實(shí)施方案,并且在奧斯維辛、拉芬斯布呂克、布亨瓦爾特、達(dá)豪等十多個(gè)大型集中營(yíng)內(nèi)對(duì)數(shù)以萬(wàn)計(jì)的猶太、吉普賽囚犯、因從事抵抗運(yùn)動(dòng)而被捕的政治犯和男女戰(zhàn)俘進(jìn)行了殘酷的手術(shù)試驗(yàn),造成他們大量死亡或者終身殘疾、終身不育。這樣殘酷的毫無(wú)人性的手段,任誰(shuí)也不愿看到。

問(wèn):為什么會(huì)出現(xiàn)這樣的情況,男女生之間的拉力存在著怎樣的大小關(guān)系?進(jìn)一步求證這兩個(gè)力的大小關(guān)系經(jīng)過(guò)共同討論,得方案:把兩個(gè)彈簧秤勾在一起,重現(xiàn)拔河比賽,分三種情況進(jìn)行。(通過(guò)攝像頭把彈簧秤的讀數(shù)放大)兩彈簧稱勾在一起拉,處于靜止不動(dòng)時(shí)(即拔河比賽,雙方處于僵持狀態(tài))兩彈簧稱勾在一起拉,并向一方運(yùn)動(dòng)(即比賽繩子被拉向一方時(shí)的狀態(tài))3、兩彈簧稱勾在一起拉,一方方向慢慢改變(兩力方向始終在一條直線上)實(shí)驗(yàn)結(jié)論:兩彈簧稱的讀數(shù)的變化總是相同的,大小相等,方向相反。得到牛頓第三定律:追問(wèn):既然兩個(gè)力大小相等,那么拔河比賽為什么還存在勝負(fù)之分?講清作用力與反作用力作用的受力物體不同,并和學(xué)生討論如何做才會(huì)獲勝?;貞?yīng)課前問(wèn)題:“以卵擊石”為什么雞蛋碎?

在同一個(gè)直角坐標(biāo),做出兩個(gè)不同彈簧的F—X圖象,然后進(jìn)行比較。圖象法處理數(shù)據(jù)更為直觀,更容易得出物理變化規(guī)律,且該種方法處理數(shù)據(jù)能更好地減小實(shí)驗(yàn)的偶然誤差。最后老師歸納總結(jié):得出胡克定律:F=KX(K為彈簧的頸度系數(shù))[設(shè)計(jì)意圖:在探究彈力的大小與形變的定量關(guān)系時(shí),由學(xué)生進(jìn)行猜想、實(shí)驗(yàn)和得出規(guī)律,并利用信息技術(shù)計(jì)算機(jī)繪制F—X圖象,充分利用信息技術(shù)資源和物理學(xué)科的整合。能較好地體現(xiàn)以學(xué)生為主的新的教學(xué)理念。對(duì)探究實(shí)驗(yàn)過(guò)程教師加以指導(dǎo),使學(xué)生學(xué)會(huì)團(tuán)結(jié)合作、學(xué)會(huì)探究物理規(guī)律;再加上熟練信息技術(shù),更有效地提高學(xué)習(xí)效率。](五)彈力的應(yīng)用(圖片,視頻播放:射箭)[設(shè)計(jì)意圖:讓學(xué)生知道產(chǎn)品設(shè)計(jì)離不開(kāi)物理理論,做到從實(shí)踐到理論,再?gòu)睦碚摰綄?shí)踐的學(xué)習(xí)過(guò)程。](六)開(kāi)放式問(wèn)題(視頻播放:撐桿跳高、跳水);提出問(wèn)題:通過(guò)本節(jié)內(nèi)容的學(xué)習(xí),請(qǐng)同學(xué)們開(kāi)放式地討論①?gòu)男巫兣c彈力知識(shí)去思考,撐桿跳高運(yùn)動(dòng)員跳得這么高的主要原因是什么?②跳水運(yùn)動(dòng)員在空中滯空時(shí)間主要由哪方面決定?

今天我說(shuō)課的內(nèi)容是人教版高中物理必修1第四章第四節(jié)《力學(xué)單位制》,我的說(shuō)課內(nèi)容將按下列程序展開(kāi)。首先是本節(jié)教材的分析。一、說(shuō)教材1、本節(jié)課在教材中的地位單位是學(xué)生在高考中最容易犯錯(cuò)的地方之一,本節(jié)課內(nèi)容貫穿整個(gè)物理學(xué)科的每部分。學(xué)好這部分內(nèi)容對(duì)所有的自然學(xué)科都有幫助。2、教材簡(jiǎn)析教材可分為:?jiǎn)挝恢频雀拍畹膩?lái)源和單位制的推廣。二、說(shuō)教學(xué)目標(biāo):教學(xué)目標(biāo)的設(shè)定是教師進(jìn)行課堂授課的一個(gè)重要依據(jù),是教師完成教學(xué)任務(wù)的鑒定標(biāo)準(zhǔn)。根據(jù)新課標(biāo)要求和學(xué)生特點(diǎn)我對(duì)本節(jié)制定以下教學(xué)目標(biāo)(1)了解什么是單位制,知道國(guó)際單位制中力學(xué)的三個(gè)基本單位。(2)認(rèn)識(shí)單位制在物理學(xué)中和國(guó)際交往中的重要作用。(3)學(xué)會(huì)用單位運(yùn)算來(lái)檢查物理公式推導(dǎo)的正確性,從而培養(yǎng)學(xué)生解決實(shí)際問(wèn)題的能力。

進(jìn)一步引導(dǎo)學(xué)生思考利用數(shù)學(xué)知識(shí)可寫(xiě)成等式F=kma學(xué)生很自然就會(huì)思考比列系數(shù)K應(yīng)該是多少?通過(guò)教師引導(dǎo)學(xué)生舉例各國(guó)長(zhǎng)度單位不同(如英國(guó):英里、碼、英尺、英寸;中國(guó):市里、市丈、市尺、市寸、市分 )導(dǎo)致交流不便。為了適應(yīng)各國(guó)交流需要國(guó)際計(jì)量局規(guī)定了一套統(tǒng)一的單位,稱為國(guó)際單位制 。取不同的單位制K是不同的,為了簡(jiǎn)潔方便,在選取了質(zhì)量和加速度的國(guó)際單位(Kg, m/s2)時(shí)規(guī)定K=1。那么就有;F=ma為了紀(jì)念牛頓,就把能使1kg物體獲得1m/s2加速度的力稱做一牛頓,用符號(hào)N表示問(wèn)題:實(shí)際物體受力往往不止一個(gè),多個(gè)力情況應(yīng)該怎么辦呢?平行四邊形法則進(jìn)一步引導(dǎo)學(xué)生得出牛頓第二定律更一般的表達(dá)式: F合=ma思考.討論我們用力提一個(gè)很重的箱子,卻提不動(dòng)它。這個(gè)力產(chǎn)生了加速度嗎?要是產(chǎn)生了,箱子的運(yùn)動(dòng)狀態(tài)卻并沒(méi)有改變。為什么?

(5)高度不同,對(duì)平拋運(yùn)動(dòng)距離有何影響,是否因?yàn)楦叨葴p小后下落時(shí)間減小,所以要增大速度才能達(dá)到相同的距離?(教學(xué)實(shí)踐證明,這種想法在學(xué)生比較多見(jiàn)。已經(jīng)不自覺(jué)的沿用了自由落體運(yùn)動(dòng)的規(guī)律,又隱隱有運(yùn)動(dòng)等時(shí)性的痕跡。應(yīng)引導(dǎo)學(xué)生這一結(jié)果還需實(shí)驗(yàn)驗(yàn)證。)教師的引導(dǎo):其實(shí),我們所提出的看法都跟平拋運(yùn)動(dòng)的規(guī)律有關(guān)系。那么平拋運(yùn)動(dòng)究竟有怎樣的規(guī)律呢?以前學(xué)過(guò)的直線運(yùn)動(dòng)知識(shí)還能用于今天的內(nèi)容嗎?由此逐步使學(xué)生意識(shí)到分析平拋運(yùn)動(dòng)須采用運(yùn)動(dòng)合成與分解這一方法。三、實(shí)驗(yàn)驗(yàn)證自主探究(15分鐘) 物理是實(shí)驗(yàn)科學(xué),多媒體教學(xué)不能代替實(shí)驗(yàn)。本教學(xué)設(shè)計(jì)的第三個(gè)環(huán)節(jié)是實(shí)驗(yàn)驗(yàn)證,鼓勵(lì)學(xué)生自主探究。引導(dǎo)學(xué)生根據(jù)自己的猜想(實(shí)驗(yàn)?zāi)康模┰O(shè)計(jì)實(shí)驗(yàn)進(jìn)行驗(yàn)證。(1)介紹手持式平拋豎落儀,引導(dǎo)并小結(jié)實(shí)驗(yàn)要領(lǐng):聽(tīng)兩小球下落聲音判斷其下落時(shí)間。體會(huì)合運(yùn)動(dòng)和分運(yùn)動(dòng)是等時(shí)的。

1、舉例:2、結(jié)論:(1)物體的運(yùn)動(dòng)軌跡是曲線的運(yùn)動(dòng)叫曲線運(yùn)動(dòng)。(2)曲線運(yùn)動(dòng)中速度方向是時(shí)刻改變的。(二)、曲線運(yùn)動(dòng)方向:1、質(zhì)點(diǎn)在某一點(diǎn)(或某一時(shí)刻)的速度的方向是在曲線的這一點(diǎn)的切線方向。2、曲線運(yùn)動(dòng)中速度方向是時(shí)刻改變的,因此曲線運(yùn)動(dòng)是變速運(yùn)動(dòng)。(三)、曲線運(yùn)動(dòng)條件:1、演示實(shí)驗(yàn):2、結(jié)論:當(dāng)物體所受的合力的方向跟它的速度方向不在同一直線時(shí),物體就做曲線運(yùn)動(dòng)。七、課堂小結(jié):1、運(yùn)動(dòng)軌跡是曲線的運(yùn)動(dòng)叫曲線運(yùn)動(dòng)。2、曲線運(yùn)動(dòng)中速度的方向是時(shí)刻改變的,質(zhì)點(diǎn)在某一點(diǎn)的瞬時(shí)速度的方向在曲線的這一點(diǎn)的切線上。3、當(dāng)合外力F的方向與它的速度方向有一夾角a時(shí),物體做曲線運(yùn)動(dòng)。八、鞏固訓(xùn)練:1、關(guān)于曲線運(yùn)動(dòng),下列說(shuō)法正確的是()。A:曲線運(yùn)動(dòng)一定是變速運(yùn)動(dòng);B:曲線運(yùn)動(dòng)速度的方向不斷的變化,但速度的大小可以不變;

設(shè)計(jì)意圖:通過(guò)設(shè)疑、討論及學(xué)生的親身體驗(yàn)與教師的引導(dǎo),得到描述圓周運(yùn)動(dòng)快慢的兩個(gè)物理量,也就成功的打破了學(xué)生在認(rèn)識(shí)上的思維障礙,突破了物理概念教學(xué)的難點(diǎn)。在解決線速度和角速度的問(wèn)題之后,我將引領(lǐng)學(xué)生學(xué)習(xí)勻速圓周運(yùn)動(dòng)的概念以及勻速圓周運(yùn)動(dòng)中線速度、角速度的特點(diǎn)。并引出勻速圓周運(yùn)動(dòng)中周期、轉(zhuǎn)速的知識(shí)。為了加深學(xué)生對(duì)線速度、角速度與半徑關(guān)系的認(rèn)識(shí),我設(shè)計(jì)了第三個(gè)學(xué)生體驗(yàn)活動(dòng):四名學(xué)生以我為圓心做圓周運(yùn)動(dòng),四名學(xué)生始終并列,這時(shí)里圈同學(xué)走動(dòng)不急不慢,而外圈同學(xué)則要小跑。通過(guò)學(xué)生的活動(dòng),不難發(fā)現(xiàn)在角速度相同的情況下,半徑越大的線速度也越大。定性的得到了線速度、角速度與半徑的關(guān)系。接下來(lái)讓學(xué)生利用所學(xué)知識(shí)推導(dǎo)線速度、角速度與半徑的關(guān)系。設(shè)計(jì)意圖:這樣就通過(guò)設(shè)疑、學(xué)生猜想、體驗(yàn)、推導(dǎo)的方式得到了結(jié)論,突破了本節(jié)課的難點(diǎn)即線速度、角速度與半徑的關(guān)系。
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