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新人教版高中英語選修2Unit 2 Reading and thinking教學設(shè)計
Her tutor told her to acknowledge __________ other people had said if she cited their ideas, and advised her _______（read） lots of information in order to form __________wise opinion of her own.Now halfway __________ her exchange year, Xie Lei felt much more at home in the UK. She said __________ (engage) in British culture had helped and that she had been__________ (involve) in social activities. She also said while learning about business, she was acting as a cultural messenger __________（build） a bridge between the two countries. keys:Xie Lei, a 19yearold Chinese student, said goodbye to her family and friends in China and boarded (board) a plane for London six months ago in order to get a business qualification. She was ambitious(ambition) to set up a business after graduation. It was the first time that she had left (leave) home.At first, Xie Lei had to adapt to life in a different country. She chose to live with a host family, who can help with her adaptation (adapt) to the new culture. When she missed home, she felt comforted (comfort) to have a second family. Also Xie Lei had to satisfy academic requirements. Her tutor told her to acknowledge what other people had said if she cited their ideas, and advised her to read lots of information in order to form a wise opinion of her own.Now halfway through her exchange year, Xie Lei felt much more at home in the UK. She said engaging (engage) in British culture had helped and that she had been involved (involve) in social activities. She also said while learning about business, she was acting as a cultural messenger building a bridge between the two countries.
人教部編版語文八年級上冊人民英雄永垂不朽教案
這篇文章的語言既有說明文語言準確、嚴密的特點，又有新聞特寫鮮明、生動的特點，請和大家分享你最喜歡的語句，并說明理由。(學生發(fā)言)1．準確、嚴密示例：據(jù)地質(zhì)學家化驗證明，這些浮雕至少能耐800年到1000年之久。明確：“據(jù)地質(zhì)學家化驗證明”交代數(shù)據(jù)來源；“至少”對時間進行限定。2．鮮明、生動示例一：深夜，起義的新軍和市民，摧毀了湖廣總督府門前的大炮，正向總督府里沖去?？偠礁畠?nèi)熊熊的火焰冒向天空；總督府的牌子，被打斷在階前；撕碎了的清朝的龍旗，被踐踏在地上。明確：“摧毀”“沖去”“冒”“打斷”“撕碎”“踐踏”一系列動詞，準確生動地表現(xiàn)了起義者大無畏的革命氣概，也揭示了清朝腐朽的本質(zhì)。示例二：一群男女青年學生，舉著“廢除賣國密約”的旗幟，慷慨激昂地來到天安門前。梳著髻子、系著長裙的女學生，在向市民們散發(fā)傳單。人群高處，一個男學生正在向圍著他的群眾演說。憤激的青年演說者，怒形于色的人群，使整個浮雕充滿了痛恨賣國賊、激動人心的氣氛。
人教版高中數(shù)學選修3離散型隨機變量及其分布列(2)教學設(shè)計
溫故知新 1.離散型隨機變量的定義可能取值為有限個或可以一一列舉的隨機變量,我們稱為離散型隨機變量.通常用大寫英文字母表示隨機變量,例如X,Y,Z;用小寫英文字母表示隨機變量的取值,例如x,y,z.隨機變量的特點: 試驗之前可以判斷其可能出現(xiàn)的所有值，在試驗之前不可能確定取何值；可以用數(shù)字表示2、隨機變量的分類①離散型隨機變量:X的取值可一、一列出；②連續(xù)型隨機變量:X可以取某個區(qū)間內(nèi)的一切值隨機變量將隨機事件的結(jié)果數(shù)量化．3、古典概型:①試驗中所有可能出現(xiàn)的基本事件只有有限個；②每個基本事件出現(xiàn)的可能性相等。二、探究新知探究1.拋擲一枚骰子,所得的點數(shù)X有哪些值？取每個值的概率是多少？ 因為X取值范圍是{1，2，3，4，5，6}而且"P(X=m)"=1/6,m=1,2,3,4,5,6.因此X分布列如下表所示
人教版高中數(shù)學選修3一元線性回歸模型及其應(yīng)用教學設(shè)計
1.確定研究對象，明確哪個是解釋變量，哪個是響應(yīng)變量；2.由經(jīng)驗確定非線性經(jīng)驗回歸方程的模型；3.通過變換，將非線性經(jīng)驗回歸模型轉(zhuǎn)化為線性經(jīng)驗回歸模型；4.按照公式計算經(jīng)驗回歸方程中的參數(shù)，得到經(jīng)驗回歸方程；5.消去新元，得到非線性經(jīng)驗回歸方程；6.得出結(jié)果后分析殘差圖是否有異常 ．跟蹤訓練1.一只藥用昆蟲的產(chǎn)卵數(shù)y與一定范圍內(nèi)的溫度x有關(guān)，現(xiàn)收集了6組觀測數(shù)據(jù)列于表中： 經(jīng)計算得： 線性回歸殘差的平方和: ∑_(i=1)^6?〖(y_i-(y_i ) ?)〗^2=236,64,e^8.0605≈3167.其中 分別為觀測數(shù)據(jù)中的溫度和產(chǎn)卵數(shù)，i=1,2,3,4,5,6.(1)若用線性回歸模型擬合，求y關(guān)于x的回歸方程 (精確到0.1）；(2)若用非線性回歸模型擬合，求得y關(guān)于x回歸方程為 且相關(guān)指數(shù)R2＝0.9522． ①試與(1)中的線性回歸模型相比較，用R2說明哪種模型的擬合效果更好 ?②用擬合效果好的模型預(yù)測溫度為35℃時該種藥用昆蟲的產(chǎn)卵數(shù).(結(jié)果取整數(shù)).
新人教版高中英語選修2Unit 3 Food and Culture-Discovering useful structures教學設(shè)計
The newspaper reported more than 100 people had been killed in the thunderstorm.報紙報道說有一百多人在暴風雨中喪生。(2)before、when、by the time、until、after、once等引導(dǎo)的時間狀語從句的謂語是一般過去時，以及by、before后面接過去的時間時，主句動作發(fā)生在從句的動作或過去的時間之前且表示被動時，要用過去完成時的被動語態(tài)。By the time my brother was 10, he had been sent to Italy.我弟弟10歲前就已經(jīng)被送到意大利了。Tons of rice had been produced by the end of last month. 到上月底已生產(chǎn)了好幾噸大米。(3) It was the first/second/last ... time that ...句中that引導(dǎo)的定語從句中，主語與謂語構(gòu)成被動關(guān)系時，要用過去完成時的被動語態(tài)。It was the first time that I had seen the night fact to face in one and a half years. 這是我一年半以來第一次親眼目睹夜晚的景色。(4)在虛擬語氣中，條件句表示與過去事實相反，且主語與謂語構(gòu)成被動關(guān)系時，要用過去完成時的被動語態(tài)。If I had been instructed by him earlier, I would have finished the task.如果我早一點得到他的指示，我早就完成這項任務(wù)了。If I had hurried, I wouldn't have missed the train.如果我快點的話，我就不會誤了火車。If you had been at the party, you would have met him. 如果你去了晚會，你就會見到他的。
新人教版高中英語選修2Unit 3 Food and Culture-Reading and thinking教學設(shè)計
The discourse explores the link between food and culture from a foreign’s perspective and it records some authentic Chinese food and illustrates the cultural meaning, gerography features and historic tradition that the food reflects. It is aimed to lead students to understand and think about the connection between food and culture. While teaching, the teacher should instruct students to find out the writing order and the writer’s experieces and feelings towards Chinese food and culture.1.Guide the students to read the text, sort out the information and dig out the topic.2.Understand the cultural connotation, regional characteristics and historical tradition of Chinese cuisine3.Understand and explore the relationship between food and people's personality4.Guide the students to use the cohesive words in the text5.Lead students to accurately grasp the real meaning of the information and improve the overall understanding ability by understanding the implied meaning behind the text.1. Enable the Ss to understand the structure and the writing style of the passage well.2. Lead the Ss to understand and think further about the connection between food and geography and local character traits.Step1: Prediction before reading. Before you read, look at the title, and the picture. What do you think this article is about?keys:It is about various culture and cuisine about a place or some countries.
人教版高中數(shù)學選修3離散型隨機變量及其分布列(1)教學設(shè)計
4.寫出下列隨機變量可能取的值，并說明隨機變量所取的值表示的隨機試驗的結(jié)果．(1)一個袋中裝有8個紅球，3個白球，從中任取5個球，其中所含白球的個數(shù)為X.(2)一個袋中有5個同樣大小的黑球，編號為1,2,3,4,5，從中任取3個球，取出的球的最大號碼記為X.(3). 在本例(1)條件下，規(guī)定取出一個紅球贏2元，而每取出一個白球輸1元，以ξ表示贏得的錢數(shù)，結(jié)果如何？[解] (1)X可取0,1,2,3.X＝0表示取5個球全是紅球；X＝1表示取1個白球，4個紅球；X＝2表示取2個白球，3個紅球；X＝3表示取3個白球，2個紅球．(2)X可取3,4,5.X＝3表示取出的球編號為1,2,3；X＝4表示取出的球編號為1,2,4；1,3,4或2,3,4.X＝5表示取出的球編號為1,2,5；1,3,5；1,4,5；2,3,5；2,4,5或3,4,5.(3) ξ＝10表示取5個球全是紅球；ξ＝7表示取1個白球，4個紅球；ξ＝4表示取2個白球，3個紅球；ξ＝1表示取3個白球，2個紅球．
人教版高中數(shù)學選修3分類變量與列聯(lián)表教學設(shè)計
一、 問題導(dǎo)學前面兩節(jié)所討論的變量,如人的身高、樹的胸徑、樹的高度、短跑100m世界紀錄和創(chuàng)紀錄的時間等,都是數(shù)值變量,數(shù)值變量的取值為實數(shù).其大小和運算都有實際含義.在現(xiàn)實生活中,人們經(jīng)常需要回答一定范圍內(nèi)的兩種現(xiàn)象或性質(zhì)之間是否存在關(guān)聯(lián)性或相互影響的問題.例如,就讀不同學校是否對學生的成績有影響,不同班級學生用于體育鍛煉的時間是否有差別,吸煙是否會增加患肺癌的風險,等等,本節(jié)將要學習的獨立性檢驗方法為我們提供了解決這類問題的方案。在討論上述問題時,為了表述方便,我們經(jīng)常會使用一種特殊的隨機變量,以區(qū)別不同的現(xiàn)象或性質(zhì),這類隨機變量稱為分類變量.分類變量的取值可以用實數(shù)表示,例如,學生所在的班級可以用1,2,3等表示,男性、女性可以用1,0表示,等等.在很多時候,這些數(shù)值只作為編號使用,并沒有通常的大小和運算意義,本節(jié)我們主要討論取值于{0,1}的分類變量的關(guān)聯(lián)性問題.
關(guān)于生命選擇的態(tài)度的國旗下的講話
生命選擇的態(tài)度是什么使我們知對錯，是什么使我們明得失，漫漫人生路，有著太多的選擇，是對錯讓我們知道不要輕率的選擇；是得失讓我們明白不要輕易言“不”。人是在得失與對錯過程中成長的，諸多人生都需走過前車之轍方能懂得前車之鑒，即使我們可以不像秦人一樣不暇自哀，而做后人哀之，即使這樣又能有多少真正去哀之而鑒之的人呢？這便是我們?nèi)诵缘娜觞c，所以在我們的人生里，總是被這些哀之而困，不鑒之而苦，終日在悔恨中碌碌無為，虛度漫長而又短暫的人生路。人生的毀滅與成敗有著太多的挑戰(zhàn)，有人為了成敗而選擇毀滅，有人寧可毀滅而不愿接受失敗，這是生活者的態(tài)度，人生有著人性的堅韌和生命的卑微的區(qū)別，但若要在失敗與毀滅的選擇時，我們無論處于失敗還是毀滅，生命無論何等的卑微，還是人心何等的堅韌，我們都要向著選擇高呼，我不會輕率地選擇，也不會輕易言“不”。
新人教版高中英語選修2Unit 1 Science and Scientists-Discovering useful structures教學設(shè)計
The grammatical structure of this unit is predicative clause. Like object clause and subject clause, predicative clause is one of Nominal Clauses. The leading words of predicative clauses are that, what, how, what, where, as if, because, etc.The design of teaching activities aims to guide students to perceive the structural features of predicative clauses and think about their ideographic functions. Beyond that, students should be guided to use this grammar in the context apporpriately and flexibly.1. Enable the Ss to master the usage of the predicative clauses in this unit.2. Enable the Ss to use the predicative patterns flexibly.3. Train the Ss to apply some skills by doing the relevant exercises.1.Guide students to perceive the structural features of predicative clauses and think about their ideographic functions.2.Strengthen students' ability of using predicative clauses in context, but also cultivate their ability of text analysis and logical reasoning competence.Step1: Underline all the examples in the reading passage, where noun clauses are used as the predicative. Then state their meaning and functions.1) One theory was that bad air caused the disease.2) Another theory was that cholera was caused by an infection from germs in food or water.3) The truth was that the water from the Broad Street had been infected by waste.Sum up the rules of grammar:1. 以上黑體部分在句中作表語。2. 句1、2、3中的that在從句中不作成分，只起連接作用。 Step2: Review the basic components of predicative clauses1.Definition
新人教版高中英語選修2Unit 4 Journey Across a Vast Land教學設(shè)計
當孩子們由父母陪同時，他們才被允許進入這個運動場。3．過去分詞(短語)作狀語時的幾種特殊情況(1)過去分詞(短語)在句中作時間、條件、原因、讓步狀語時，相當于對應(yīng)的時間、條件、原因及讓步狀語從句。Seen from the top of the mountain (＝When it is seen from the top of the mountain), the whole town looks more beautiful.從山頂上看，整個城市看起來更美了。Given ten more minutes (＝If we are given ten more minutes), we will finish the work perfectly.如果多給十分鐘，我們會完美地完成這項工作。Greatly touched by his words (＝Because she was greatly touched by his words), she was full of tears.由于被他的話深深地感動，她滿眼淚花。Warned of the storm (＝Though they were warned of the storm), the farmers were still working on the farm.盡管被警告了風暴的到來，但農(nóng)民們?nèi)栽谵r(nóng)場干活。(2)過去分詞(短語)在句中作伴隨、方式等狀語時，可改為句子的并列謂語或改為并列分句。The teacher came into the room, followed by two students (＝and was followed by two students)．后面跟著兩個學生，老師走進了房間。He spent the whole afternoon, accompanied by his mom(＝and was accompanied by his mom)．他由母親陪著度過了一整個下午。
新人教版高中英語選修2Unit 1 Science and Scientists-Learning about Language教學設(shè)計
Step 7: complete the discourse according to the grammar rules.Cholera used to be one of the most 1.__________ (fear) diseases in the world. In the early 19th century, _2_________ an outbreak of cholera hit Europe, millions of people died. But neither its cause, 3__________ its cure was understood. A British doctor, John Snow, wanted to solve the problem and he knew that cholera would not be controlled _4_________ its cause was found. In general, there were two contradictory theories 5 __________ explained how cholera spread. The first suggested that bad air caused the disease. The second was that cholera was caused by an _6_________(infect) from germs in food or water. John Snow thought that the second theory was correct but he needed proof. So when another outbreak of cholera hit London in 1854, he began to investigate. Later, with all the evidence he _7_________ (gather), John Snow was able to announce that the pump water carried cholera germs. Therefore, he had the handle of the pump _8_________ (remove) so that it couldn't be used. Through his intervention，the disease was stopped in its tracks. What is more, John Snow found that some companies sold water from the River Thames that __9__________________ (pollute) by raw waste. The people who drank this water were much more likely _10_________ (get) cholera than those who drank pure or boiled water. Through John Snow's efforts, the _11_________ (threaten) of cholera around the world saw a substantial increase. Keys： 1.feared 2.when 3. nor 4.unless 5.that/which 6.infection 7.had gathered 8.removed 9.was polluted 10.to get 11. threat
新人教版高中英語選修2Unit 1 Science and Scientists-Reading and thinking教學設(shè)計
Step 5： After learning the text, discuss with your peers about the following questions:1.John Snow believed Idea 2 was right. How did he finally prove it?2. Do you think John Snow would have solved this problem without the map?3. Cholera is a 19th century disease. What disease do you think is similar to cholera today?SARS and Covid-19 because they are both deadly and fatally infectious, have an unknown cause and need serious public health care to solve them urgently.keys:1. John Snow finally proved his idea because he found an outbreak that was clearly related to cholera, collected information and was able to tie cases outside the area to the polluted water.2. No. The map helped John Snow organize his ideas. He was able to identify those households that had had many deaths and check their water-drinking habits. He identified those houses that had had no deaths and surveyed their drinking habits. The evidence clearly pointed to the polluted water being the cause.3. SARS and Covid-19 because they are both deadly and fatally infectious, have an unknown cause and need serious public health care to solve them urgently.Step 6: Consolidate what you have learned by filling in the blanks:John Snow was a well-known _1___ in London in the _2__ century. He wanted to find the _3_____ of cholera in order to help people ___4_____ it. In 1854 when a cholera __5__ London, he began to gather information. He ___6__ on a map ___7___ all the dead people had lived and he found that many people who had ___8____ (drink) the dirty water from the __9____ died. So he decided that the polluted water ___10____ cholera. He suggested that the ___11__ of all water supplies should be _12______ and new methods of dealing with ____13___ water be found. Finally, “King Cholera” was __14_____.Keys: 1. doctor 2. 19th 3.cause 4.infected with 5.hit 6.marked 7.where 8.drunk 9.pump 10.carried 11.source 12.examined 13.polluted 14.defeatedHomework: Retell the text after class and preview its language points
新人教版高中英語選修2Unit 1 Science and Scientists-Using langauge教學設(shè)計
This happens because the dish soap molecules have a strong negative charge, and the milk molecules have a strong positive charge. Like magnets, these molecules are attracted to each other, and so they appear to move around on the plate, taking the food coloring with them, making it look like the colors are quickly moving to escape from the soap.Listening text:? Judy: Oh, I'm so sorry that you were ill and couldn't come with us on our field trip. How are you feeling now? Better?? Bill: Much better, thanks. But how was it?? Judy: Wonderful! I especially liked an area of the museum called Light Games.it was really cool. They had a hall of mirrors where I could see myself reflected thousands of times!? Bill: A hall of mirrors can be a lot of fun. What else did they have?? Judy: Well, they had an experiment where we looked at a blue screen for a while, and then suddenly we could see tiny bright lights moving around on it. You'll never guess what those bright lights were!? Bill: Come on, tell me!? Judy: They were our own blood cells. For some reason, our eyes play tricks on us when we look at a blue screen, and we can see our own blood cells moving around like little lights! But there was another thing I liked better. I stood in front of a white light, and it cast different shadows of me in every color of the rainbow!? Bill: Oh, I wish I had been there. Tell me more!? Judy: Well, they had another area for sound. They had a giant piano keyboard that you could use your feet to play. But then, instead of playing the sounds of a piano, it played the voices of classical singers! Then they had a giant dish, and when you spoke into it, it reflected the sound back and made it louder. You could use it to speak in a whisper to someone 17 meters away.? Bill: It all sounds so cool. I wish I could have gone with you? Judy: I know, but we can go together this weekend. I'd love to go there again!? Bill: That sounds like a great idea!
新人教版高中英語選修2Unit 2 Bridging Cultures-Discovering useful structures教學設(shè)計
The grammar of this unit is designed to review noun clauses. Sentences that use nouns in a sentence are called noun clauses. Nominal clauses can act as subject, object, predicate, appositive and other components in compound sentences. According to the above-mentioned different grammatical functions, nominal clauses are divided into subject clause, object clause, predicate clause and appositive clause. In this unit, we will review the three kinds of nominal clauses. Appositive clauses are not required to be mastered in the optional compulsory stage, so they are not involved.1. Guide the students to judge the compound sentences and determine the composition of the clauses in the sentence.2. Instruct students to try to learn grammar by generalizing grammar rules, controlling written practice, and semi-open oral output.3. Inspire the students to systematize the function and usage of noun clause1.Instruct students to try to learn grammar by generalizing grammar rules, controlling written practice, and semi-open oral output.2.Inspire the students to systematize the function and usage of noun clauseStep1: The teacher ask studetns to find out more nominal clauses from the reading passage and udnerline the nominal clauses.
新人教版高中英語選修2Unit 5 First Aid-Discovering useful structures教學設(shè)計
You have no excuse for not going.你沒有理由不去。He was punished for not having finished his homework.他因未完成作業(yè)而受到懲罰。2．動詞ing形式復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)由物主代詞或人稱代詞賓格、名詞所有格或普通格加動詞ing，即“sb./sb.'s＋doing”構(gòu)成。動詞ing形式的復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)實際上是給動詞ing形式加了一個邏輯主語。動詞ing形式的復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)有四種形式：①形容詞性物主代詞＋動詞ing②名詞所有格＋動詞ing③代詞賓格＋動詞ing④名詞＋動詞ingHer coming to help encouraged all of us.她來幫忙鼓舞了我們所有人。The baby was made awake by the door suddenly shutting.這個嬰兒被突然的關(guān)門聲吵醒了。Can you imagine him/Jack cooking at home?你能想象他/杰克在家做飯的樣子嗎？無生命名詞無論是作主語還是作賓語都不能用第②種形式。Tom's winning first prize last year impressed me a lot.湯姆去年得了一等獎使我印象深刻。Do you mind my/me/Jack's/Jack leaving now?你介意我/杰克現(xiàn)在離開嗎？Excuse me for my not coming on time．很抱歉我沒能按時來。His father's being ill made him worried.他父親病了，他很擔心。We are looking forward to the singer's/the singer to give us a concert.我們盼望著這位歌手來給我們舉辦一場演唱會。
北師大版小學數(shù)學六年級上冊《統(tǒng)計圖的選擇》說課稿
一、教材分析1.教材的地位和作用本節(jié)教材是北師大版六年級數(shù)學上冊第5章《數(shù)據(jù)的收集與整理》第3節(jié)的內(nèi)容，這一章是《全日制義務(wù)教育數(shù)學課程標準（實驗稿）》第三學段“統(tǒng)計與概率”部分的第一章，也是基礎(chǔ)章節(jié)。它讓學生經(jīng)歷數(shù)據(jù)的收集、整理、描述的過程，體會適當選擇統(tǒng)計圖表對描述實際問題的作用，為以后進一步學習統(tǒng)計的有關(guān)知識打下基礎(chǔ)2.學情分析學生在此之前已經(jīng)在小學階段學習過有關(guān)統(tǒng)計圖表的知識，對三種統(tǒng)計圖也有了一定的認識和感知，會畫三種統(tǒng)計圖，但是對于究竟如何選取適當?shù)慕y(tǒng)計圖去說明一些具體實際問題還存在一定困難，所以本節(jié)內(nèi)容主要是讓學生對三種統(tǒng)計圖各自的特點和優(yōu)勢有一定的認識。3.教材重難點根據(jù)對教材的研讀和學生學情的分析，結(jié)合新課標對本節(jié)的要求，特將本節(jié)的重難點確定如下：
自主選擇課余生活 說課稿
我說課的題目是小學道德與法治五年級上冊《自主選擇課余生活》。下面我將從教材分析、學情分析、教學目標與重難點、教法與學法、教學過程、板書設(shè)計6個方面進行說課。一、教材分析《自主選擇課余生活》是統(tǒng)編教材小學《道德與法治》五年級上冊第一單元第1課，共有三個話題，本節(jié)課學習的是第三個話題《過好我們的課余生活》，主要是引導(dǎo)學生課余生活的選擇既有興趣，又有意義，要學習規(guī)劃自己的課余生活，學會過好課余生活的方法，旨在引導(dǎo)學生能夠過好課余生活，讓課余生活促進學生的健康成長。二、學情分析自主選擇是學生的權(quán)利，也是成長過程中需要發(fā)展的能力。隨著年齡的增長和知識、經(jīng)驗的增多，學生對一些事情有了自己的看法，特別是希望能按照自己的想法安排課余生活。但是他們現(xiàn)在的課余生活大都是家長來主導(dǎo)，學生自主選擇課余活動的機會幾乎很少。因此，要幫助引導(dǎo)學生面對成長中的這個困惑，通過有效的教學能夠過好課余生活，讓課余生活促進學生的健康成長。三、教學目標與重難點基于教材、學情的分析，以及對小學道德與法治課程的理解，我確定了本節(jié)課的教學目標與重難點。教學目標我確定了三個。
人教版高中數(shù)學選修3分類加法計數(shù)原理與分步乘法計數(shù)原理(1)教學設(shè)計
問題1. 用一個大寫的英文字母或一個阿拉伯數(shù)字給教室里的一個座位編號，總共能編出多少種不同的號碼？因為英文字母共有26個，阿拉伯數(shù)字共有10個，所以總共可以編出26+10=36種不同的號碼.問題2.你能說說這個問題的特征嗎？上述計數(shù)過程的基本環(huán)節(jié)是：（1）確定分類標準，根據(jù)問題條件分為字母號碼和數(shù)字號碼兩類；（2）分別計算各類號碼的個數(shù)；（3）各類號碼的個數(shù)相加，得出所有號碼的個數(shù).你能舉出一些生活中類似的例子嗎？一般地，有如下分類加法計數(shù)原理：完成一件事，有兩類辦法. 在第1類辦法中有m種不同的方法，在第2類方法中有n種不同的方法，則完成這件事共有:N= m+n種不同的方法.二、典例解析例1.在填寫高考志愿時，一名高中畢業(yè)生了解到，A,B兩所大學各有一些自己感興趣的強項專業(yè)，如表，
人教版高中數(shù)學選修3分類加法計數(shù)原理與分步乘法計數(shù)原理(2)教學設(shè)計
當A,C顏色相同時,先染P有4種方法,再染A,C有3種方法,然后染B有2種方法,最后染D也有2種方法.根據(jù)分步乘法計數(shù)原理知,共有4×3×2×2=48(種)方法;當A,C顏色不相同時,先染P有4種方法,再染A有3種方法,然后染C有2種方法,最后染B,D都有1種方法.根據(jù)分步乘法計數(shù)原理知,共有4×3×2×1×1=24(種)方法.綜上,共有48+24=72(種)方法.故選B.答案:B5.某藝術(shù)小組有9人,每人至少會鋼琴和小號中的一種樂器,其中7人會鋼琴,3人會小號,從中選出會鋼琴與會小號的各1人,有多少種不同的選法?解:由題意可知,在藝術(shù)小組9人中,有且僅有1人既會鋼琴又會小號(把該人記為甲),只會鋼琴的有6人,只會小號的有2人.把從中選出會鋼琴與會小號各1人的方法分為兩類.第1類,甲入選,另1人只需從其他8人中任選1人,故這類選法共8種;第2類,甲不入選,則會鋼琴的只能從6個只會鋼琴的人中選出,有6種不同的選法,會小號的也只能從只會小號的2人中選出,有2種不同的選法,所以這類選法共有6×2=12(種).因此共有8+12=20(種)不同的選法.
