
二、學(xué)情分析:學(xué)生目前對形變和彈力有一定的感性認(rèn)識但是不夠深入;知道支持力、壓力都是彈力,但是不能夠概括產(chǎn)生的原因。理性思維還沒有達(dá)到一定的層次,要想理解彈力這一抽象概念還有一定困難。因此我采取引導(dǎo)、啟發(fā)的教學(xué)方式。

師:同學(xué)們這個(gè)暑假過得真不錯(cuò)呀,都有自己最開心的日子。同學(xué)們經(jīng)歷的這些活動,讓你們自己長了知識,豐富了閱歷,你們今天的介紹,也讓我和更多的同學(xué)大開了眼界。由此可見,在今天,通過親身參與、實(shí)踐,通過網(wǎng)絡(luò)、電影,通過交流發(fā)言,大家獲得了許多新的信息、知識,增強(qiáng)了對祖國美好河山的熱愛、對科技的向往和異國的友誼。同學(xué)們信息交流的過程,實(shí)際上也是文化傳播的過程。板書課題:第二課時(shí)文化在交流中傳播話題導(dǎo)入討論話題:如何建設(shè)文明校園?(課前準(zhǔn)備:要求同學(xué)們仔細(xì)觀察、了解關(guān)于校園文明現(xiàn)象的問題,并就如何建設(shè)文明校園提出自己的建議。教師可按自然組,讓學(xué)生推選一名代表發(fā)言,就校園文明方面談?wù)劥嬖诘膯栴}和不足,或提出一些中肯的改進(jìn)意見)(學(xué)生交流)生1:建設(shè)文明校園,首先要凈化語言環(huán)境,我們學(xué)校不少同學(xué)愛說臟話,與文明校園很不相稱。

一、說教材(一)教材分析本課所介紹的新文化運(yùn)動,是繼上一節(jié)所學(xué)的《西學(xué)東漸和維新變法思想》之后中國另一波影響巨大的思想解放潮流,旨在向西方學(xué)習(xí)、尋求強(qiáng)國御侮之道。在整個(gè)知識體系中,它既是資產(chǎn)階級領(lǐng)導(dǎo)的舊民主主義革命的補(bǔ)課,又是無產(chǎn)階級領(lǐng)導(dǎo)的新民主主義革命的序曲。它所帶來的思想的空前解放,也就為馬克思主義的傳播創(chuàng)造了條件,為中共的成立奠定基礎(chǔ)。這一課的學(xué)習(xí)能讓學(xué)生清晰認(rèn)識新文化運(yùn)動和馬克思主義在近代中國思想解放歷程中的重要作用和巨大影響。與必修一和必修二政治經(jīng)濟(jì)史的結(jié)合也能讓使學(xué)生強(qiáng)化歷史聯(lián)系。新課程標(biāo)準(zhǔn)對本課就做了明確的規(guī)定:1、概述新文化運(yùn)動的主要內(nèi)容,探討其對近代中國思想解放的影響。2、簡述馬克思主義在中國傳播的史實(shí),認(rèn)識馬克思主義對中國歷史發(fā)展的重大意義。根據(jù)課標(biāo)要求,我制定了以下具體的三維目標(biāo)。

(二)課堂教學(xué)在教學(xué)中,無論是形式還是內(nèi)容,都必須統(tǒng)一于學(xué)生的發(fā)展。從形式上說,以學(xué)生展示、思考、討論為主,教師點(diǎn)撥為輔,在一定的情境與社會文化背景下,獲得對傳統(tǒng)文化的認(rèn)識和理解。從內(nèi)容上說,主要以福州地方傳統(tǒng)文化為素材,圍繞海峽兩岸同時(shí)舉辦的“元霄燈會”為主線,回歸到學(xué)生的生活世界,更有效地激發(fā)起學(xué)生情感,并將生活世界與知識世界銜接起來,在實(shí)際情景中分析傳授相關(guān)傳統(tǒng)文化的知識,提高學(xué)生認(rèn)識和分析解決問題的能力,逐步形成對傳統(tǒng)文化的情感和價(jià)值判斷。教學(xué)過程,緊緊圍繞傳統(tǒng)文化,分為“激趣導(dǎo)入--活動感悟--探究思辯--升華導(dǎo)行”四個(gè)層次,環(huán)環(huán)相扣,逐步推進(jìn),幫助學(xué)生完成由感性認(rèn)識到理性認(rèn)識的飛躍。1.激趣導(dǎo)入良好的開端是成功的一半。德國的普克朗認(rèn)為:“思考可以構(gòu)成一座橋,讓我們通向新知識”。因此,一開始,我就運(yùn)用對比方法,進(jìn)行設(shè)問,福州和西安、南京、北京一樣也是歷史文化名城,你們同意嗎?

Listening and Speaking introduces the topic of “talking about how to become an astronaut”. This period is aimed to inform students some details about the requirements of being an astronaut. Students can be motivated and inspired by the astronauts. Teachers ought to encourage students to learn from them and let them aim high and dream big.Listening and Talking introduces the theme of "talk about life in space". This part also informs students more details about life in space and can inspire students to be curious about this job. 1. Guide students to listen for numbers concerning dates, years and ages etc2. Cultivate students' ability to talk about how to become an astronaut and life in space ; 3. Instruct students to use functional sentences of the dialogue such as “ first of all, I am not sure, so what might be .. I guess.. I wonder…I am curious…)appropriately.1. Guide students to understand the content of listening texts in terms of the whole and key details; 2. Cultivate students' ability to guess the meaning of words in listening; discuss with their peers how to become a qualified astronaut and describe the life in space.Part 1: Listening and SpeakingStep 1: Lead inPredictionThe teacher can ask students to predict what the listening text is about by looking at the pictures.About how to become an astronaut./the requirements of an astronautStep 2: Then, play the radio which is about an interview a. And after finishing listening for the first time, the students need to solve the following tasks.

The theme of the section is “Describe space facts and efforts to explore space”. Infinitives are one of non-finite verbs, as the subjects, objects, predicative, attributes and adverbials. This unit is about space exploration, which is a significant scientific activity, so every scientific activity has strong planning. Therefore, using the infinitives to show its purpose, explanations or restrictions is the best choice.1. Learn the structure, functions and features of infinitives.2. Learn to summarize some rules about infinitives to show purpose and modify.3. Learn to use infinitives in oral and writing English. 1. Learn the structure, functions and features of infinitives.2. Learn to summarize some rules about infinitives to show purpose and modify.3. Learn to use use infinitives in oral and writing English.Step 1 Lead in---Pair workLook at the following sentences and focus on the italicized infinitives. In pairs, discuss their functions. 1. I trained for a long time to fly airplanes as a fighter pilot..(作目的狀語)2. As we all know, an astronaut needs to be healthy and calm in order to work in space..(作目的狀語)3. First of all, you must be intelligent enough to get a related college degree..(作目的狀語)4. Some scientist were determined to help humans realise their dream to explore space..(作定語)5. On 12 April 1961, Yuri Gagarin became the first person in the world to go into space..(作定語)Summary:1. 不定式的結(jié)構(gòu):to+do原形。2. 分析上面的句子,我們知道在描述太空探索時(shí),動詞不定式不僅可以用來表目的,還可以用來作定語,表修飾。

The themes of this part are “Talk about how to become an astronaut” and “Talk about life in space”. As Neil Armstrong said “Mystery creates wonder and wonder is the basis of man’s desire to understand. Space is difficult for human to reach, therefore, humans are full of wonders about it. However, if wanting to achieve the dream of reaching the Moon, some of our human should work hard to be an astronaut at first. Part A(Talk about how to become an astronaut) is a radio interview in a radio studio, where the host asked the Chinese astronauts about his story how to become an astronaut. Yang Liwei told his dreamed to be an astronaut since childhood. Then he worked hard to get into college at 22. The next 10 years, he gradually became an experienced pilot. At the same time, to be an astronaut, he had to study hard English, science and astronomy and trained hard to keep in good physical and mental health and to practise using space equipment. Part B (Talk about life in space) is also an interview with the astronaut Brown, who is back on the earth. The host Max asked about his space life, such as his emotion about going back the earth, the eating, shower, brushing, hobbies and his work. Part A and Part B are interviews. So expressing curiosity about the guests’ past life is a communicative skill, which students should be guided to learn.1. Students can get detailed information about how Yang Liwei became an astronaut and Max’s space life.2. Students learn to proper listening strategy to get detailed information---listening for numbers and taking notes.3. Students can learn related sentences or phrases to express their curiosity like “ I wish to know...” “I’d love to know...”4. Students can learn more about the space and astronauts, even be interested in working hard to be an astronaut

The theme of this unit focuses on “space exploration.” Students will learn about the training and experience needed to become an astronaut. The text is mainly about the development of space exploration. On the one hand, the text helps students to have a good understanding about the great feats humans have achieved, on the other hand, they will further understand the contributions that we Chinese have achieved, and feel confident and proud about our homeland and strengthen their love for our country. The teacher should instruct students to aim high and study harder to make great progress in the space career if possible.1. Read about the development and value of space exploration.2. Explore the mysteries of the universe and the achievements in space exploration.3. Skillfully use the vocabulary of this text to cultivate self-study ability 4. Develop cooperative learning ability through discussion.1. Enable the Ss to talk about the development and value of space exploration.2. Guide the Ss to summarize the main idea of each paragraph as well as the main idea of the text.3. Help Ss comprehend the main reasons for space exploration. Multi-media, textbook, notebooks.Step 1: Warming up and predictionLook at the title and the pictures of the text and predict what the text will be about?2. What are the main reasons for space exploration?

Q4: What is the function of the International exploration ?Having astronauts from different countries on boardQ5: What can you learn from Para 4 ?China has made great achievements in exploring spaceQ6: What is the attitude to the space exploration ?SupportiveStep 6 Post reading---RetellPeople have always wanted to learn more about space. Before the mid-20th century, most people felt (1)_________ (travel) into space was an impossible dream. However, (2)____ the help of scientists, peoplesucceeded in realizing their dream (3) _________ (explore) space. On 4 October 1957, the Sputnik 1 satellite (4) ____________(launch) by the USSR. (5) ________________ scientists try to make sure nothing goes wrong, accidents can still happen. These disasters made everyone(6)___________(disappoint), but people still believe in the importance of (7) ________(carry) on space exploration. In 2003, China became the third country to (8)_____________ (independent) send humans into space. Then Shenzhou 6 and 7 completed (9)____ second manned orbit and the first Chinese spacewalk. In spite of the difficulties, scientists hope future (10)__________ (discovery) will not only enable us to understand the universe but also help us survive well into the future.Answers: 1. travelling 2. with 3. to explore 4. was launched 5. Although6. disappointed 7. carrying 8. independently 9. a 10. discoveriesStep 6 Post reading---Critical thinkingQ1: What do you think of the space exploration ? I think it is beneficial to us. Through further study of space, people will make full use of it in the future, such as the space experiments by Wang Yaping in Tian Gong 1.Q2: If you are determined to be an astronaut, what should you prepare at present ?First of all, I should study hard to get a related college degree. Besides, I must keep mental and physical healthy.Step 7. HomeworkTry to summarize the structure of the article by a mind map.

⑦在我看來, 探索太空是值得的。As far as I am concerned, it is worthwhile to explore the space.Step 10 Writing---draftRecently, students in our class have had heated a discussion on whether space is worth exploring. Students hold different ideas about it.30% of us think space exploration is not worthwhile. They think space is too far away from us and our daily life and is a waste of money. And the money spent on space exploration can be used to solve the earth’s problems such as starvation and pollution.On the other hand,70% think space is worth exploring because we have benefited a lot from it,such as using satellites for communication and weather forecast. What’s more,with further space research,we may solve the population problem by moving to other planets one day. Also,space research will enable us to find new sources to solve the problem of energy shortages on the earth.As far as I am concerned, it is worthwhile to explore the space. Not only can it promote the development of society but also enrich our life. Step 11 Pair workExchange drafts with a partner. Use this checklist to help your partner revise his/her draft.1.Does the writer explain why he/she changed/wanted to change?2.Does the writer tell how the changes have improved or will improve his/her life?3.Is the text well-organised?4.Does the writer use words and expressions to show similarities and differences?5.Are there any grammar or spelling errors?6.Does the writer use correct punctuation?

另一方面,其余的人反對這個(gè)計(jì)劃,因?yàn)樗赡軙?dǎo)致一些不好的影響。7.I hold the belief that space exploration not only enable us to understand how the universe began but also help us survived well into the future.我堅(jiān)信探索太空不僅能夠使我們了解宇宙的起源而且能夠幫助我們更好地走進(jìn)未來。8.I think we should spend more time and money exploring space so as to provide new and better solutions to people's shortterm and longterm problems.為了給人類的短期和長期問題提供更新和更好的解決方法,我認(rèn)為我們應(yīng)該花更多的時(shí)間和金錢來探索太空。9.From my point of view,it is wrong of young people to depend on their telephones too much,which may do harm to both their physical and mental health.在我看來,年輕人過度依賴手機(jī)是不對的,因?yàn)樗鼈兛赡軙λ麄兊纳硇慕】刀加泻?。最近你班同學(xué)就“人類是否應(yīng)該進(jìn)行宇宙探索”這個(gè)問題進(jìn)行了激烈的討論。有人認(rèn)為,探索宇宙不僅讓人類更好地了解宇宙的發(fā)展,還可以用來指導(dǎo)農(nóng)業(yè)生產(chǎn),以及把一些探索太空的高新技術(shù)用于現(xiàn)實(shí)生活;也有一些人認(rèn)為探索太空花掉了大量的人力物力;影響了人們的生活水平。請你根據(jù)以下情況寫一篇報(bào)告并發(fā)表自己的觀點(diǎn)。注意:1.寫作內(nèi)容應(yīng)包括以上全部要點(diǎn),可適當(dāng)發(fā)揮,使上下文連貫;

4.They were going to find someone to take part in their bet when they saw Henry walking on the street outside.[歸納]1.過去將來時(shí)的基本構(gòu)成和用法過去將來時(shí)由“would+動詞原形”構(gòu)成,主要表示從過去某一時(shí)間來看將要發(fā)生的動作(尤其用于賓語從句中),還可以表示過去的動作習(xí)慣或傾向。Jeff knew he would be tired the next day.He promised that he would not open the letter until 2 o'clock.She said that she wouldn't do that again.2.表示過去將來時(shí)的其他表達(dá)法(1)was/were going to+動詞原形:該結(jié)構(gòu)有兩個(gè)主要用法,一是表示過去的打算,二是表示在過去看來有跡象表明將要發(fā)生某事。I thought it was going to rain.(2)was/were to+動詞原形:主要表示過去按計(jì)劃或安排要做的事情。She said she was to get married next month.(3)was/were about to+動詞原形:表示在過去看來即將要發(fā)生的動作,由于本身已含有“即將”的意味,所以不再與表示具體的將來時(shí)間狀語連用。I was about to go to bed when the phone rang.(4)was/were+現(xiàn)在分詞:表示在過去看來即將發(fā)生的動作,通常可用于該結(jié)構(gòu)中的動詞是come,go,leave,arrive,begin,start,stop,close,open,die,join,borrow,buy等瞬間動詞。Jack said he was leaving tomorrow.

在學(xué)生活動的基礎(chǔ)上,教師總結(jié)歸納:要堅(jiān)持從群眾中來到群眾中去的工作方法。要求:政府要通過各種途徑,利用各種群眾組織、社會團(tuán)體廣泛收集群眾意見和建議,認(rèn)真對待群眾的來信來訪。還要為群眾誠心誠意辦實(shí)事,盡心竭力解難事,堅(jiān)持不懈。通過合作探究,以此來培養(yǎng)學(xué)生的分析能力,探究能力以及透過現(xiàn)象看本質(zhì)的能力,培養(yǎng)學(xué)生獲取信息的能力,自主學(xué)習(xí)的能力以及全面看問題的能力,再結(jié)合教師的講授,給學(xué)生一種茅塞頓開的感覺。環(huán)節(jié)四 回歸生活 提升情感我將引導(dǎo)學(xué)生閱讀課本,通過設(shè)置活動探究課,結(jié)合生活實(shí)際從時(shí)效,便利,實(shí)效等方面請學(xué)生評述公民求助或投訴的四種方式的特點(diǎn)和優(yōu)點(diǎn)。在這一過程中,我還會用多媒體展示常用的熱線電話,政府網(wǎng)站上有關(guān)信訪、政務(wù)公開及其他便民利民的欄目,豐富課堂資源。讓學(xué)生閱讀課本,自行歸納知識點(diǎn),有助于培養(yǎng)學(xué)生自主學(xué)習(xí)能力。

3.甲午中日戰(zhàn)爭中國戰(zhàn)敗的原因 對于“中國戰(zhàn)敗的原因”這一難點(diǎn)的突破,主要通過設(shè)置問題“中國之?dāng)≡趯?shí)力遜于日本嗎?”通過幻燈片全方位分析其實(shí)中國的綜合國力當(dāng)時(shí)是強(qiáng)于日本的。并且在戰(zhàn)前,日本毫無取勝的把握。讓學(xué)生結(jié)合剛學(xué)習(xí)過的戰(zhàn)爭原因和經(jīng)過進(jìn)行討論,從多方面分析中國戰(zhàn)敗的原因。經(jīng)過討論,學(xué)生可以得出以下結(jié)論:避戰(zhàn)自保方針,沒有積極備戰(zhàn),將領(lǐng)臨陣脫逃,教師肯定并總結(jié)答案進(jìn)行補(bǔ)充。中日對比:中國士兵出身農(nóng)民,軍事訓(xùn)練落后,散兵游勇;日本士兵出身武士,訓(xùn)練有素;中國將領(lǐng)大多臨陣脫逃,并相互猜忌,受當(dāng)時(shí)惡劣的官風(fēng)影響;李鴻章深知北洋海軍實(shí)情,缺乏軍費(fèi),軍備廢弛。為政治資本奉行避戰(zhàn)自保政策,慈禧太后挪用海軍軍費(fèi)過壽,支持李鴻章。使中方處于被動的局面,一再貽誤戰(zhàn)機(jī)。而日本在天皇的帶動下,全民備戰(zhàn),做了充分的戰(zhàn)爭準(zhǔn)備。

為了加強(qiáng)學(xué)生的理解,讓學(xué)生討論以下問題。由師生共同總結(jié)。播放一個(gè)短時(shí)視頻,讓學(xué)生認(rèn)識到水的重要性后,展示節(jié)水標(biāo)識,說明由來。細(xì)胞中的無機(jī)鹽這部分,我將展示圖表,并列出問題:表中哪些成分屬于無機(jī)鹽?為什么要在運(yùn)動員喝的飲料中添加無機(jī)鹽?無機(jī)鹽在細(xì)胞的生活中起什么作用?然后展示廣告語,讓學(xué)生思考和討論以下問題,并得到答案。再閱讀課本,驗(yàn)證自己的答案是否正確。關(guān)于無機(jī)鹽的作用較難理解,通過列舉人體生活與健康中的各種實(shí)例來加深感性認(rèn)識,加強(qiáng)對理論知識的理解3、課堂小結(jié),強(qiáng)化認(rèn)識。(3—5分鐘)課堂小結(jié),可以把課堂傳授的知識盡快地轉(zhuǎn)化為學(xué)生的素質(zhì);簡單扼要的課堂小結(jié),可使學(xué)生更深刻地理解理論知識在實(shí)際生活中的應(yīng)用,并且逐漸地培養(yǎng)學(xué)生具有良好的個(gè)性。4、板書設(shè)計(jì)我比較注重直觀、系統(tǒng)的板書設(shè)計(jì),還及時(shí)地體現(xiàn)教材中的知識點(diǎn),以便于學(xué)生能夠理解掌握。5、布置作業(yè)。

4,教師重點(diǎn)點(diǎn)撥以下幾個(gè)問題⑴廊坊戰(zhàn)役:義和團(tuán)浴血奮戰(zhàn),對敵人毫不退縮, 其勝利,挫敗了西摩爾聯(lián)軍進(jìn)犯北京的計(jì)劃,沉重打擊了侵略者的氣焰,粉碎了所謂“西方軍隊(duì)無敵”的神話。這是對學(xué)生進(jìn)行愛國主義的重要素材之一,教師重點(diǎn)點(diǎn)撥突出其情感教育的重要作用。⑵讓學(xué)生(閱讀教材小字和材料,結(jié)合插圖,認(rèn)清八國聯(lián)軍對中國人民犯下的滔天罪行。)并讓學(xué)生分組探討自己的看法,一方面培養(yǎng)學(xué)生的語言表訴能力,另一方面通過學(xué)生的訴說激發(fā)學(xué)生的愛國情感,樹立落后就要挨打的觀念.⑶指導(dǎo)學(xué)生通過對條約主要內(nèi)容進(jìn)行了分析,并自然得出結(jié)論:清政府完全成為帝國主義統(tǒng)治中國的工具,中國完全陷入半殖民地半封建社會。讓學(xué)生逐步學(xué)會分析和歸納能力(4)進(jìn)行拓展訓(xùn)練出示中國近代史上列強(qiáng)的大規(guī)模的侵華戰(zhàn)爭和中國人民的反抗斗爭

教材地位本課具有承上啟下的作用,前承文藝復(fù)興,后啟資產(chǎn)階級革命時(shí)代的到來,啟蒙運(yùn)動為資本主義社會構(gòu)建了一套政治藍(lán)圖,具有前瞻性,是近代第二次思想解放運(yùn)動。因此,本節(jié)內(nèi)容在整個(gè)教材中有著很重要的地位。教學(xué)目標(biāo)1、知識目標(biāo):(1)幫助學(xué)生了解啟蒙運(yùn)動的性質(zhì)、內(nèi)容和主要啟蒙 思想家及其主張。(2)理解啟蒙運(yùn)動興起的背景、影響。2、能力目標(biāo):(1)在討論和探究過程中訓(xùn)練學(xué)生的科學(xué)思維方法和自主學(xué)習(xí)的能力和掌握解題的方法。(2)通過指導(dǎo)學(xué)生閱讀啟蒙思想家的言論資料,培養(yǎng)學(xué)生對歷史資料的理解和歸納能力。3、情感價(jià)值目標(biāo):(1)培養(yǎng)人文意識,強(qiáng)化法治觀念。(2)培養(yǎng)學(xué)生的團(tuán)結(jié)協(xié)作精神和競爭意識。教學(xué)重點(diǎn)、難點(diǎn)(1)教學(xué)重點(diǎn):啟蒙思想家的主張及啟蒙運(yùn)動的影響。

三、辛亥革命的結(jié)局1.袁世凱竊取革命果實(shí)由課件給出竊取革命果實(shí)的簡單過程,幫學(xué)生理清思路,創(chuàng)設(shè)問題情境,由學(xué)生分析革命果實(shí)被竊取的原因,教師給以補(bǔ)充并揭示根本原因,貫穿整個(gè)革命的資產(chǎn)階級的軟弱性和妥協(xié)性,再次加深對難點(diǎn)的理解。2.歷史功績辛亥革命性質(zhì)、功績由學(xué)生閱讀書本進(jìn)行總結(jié),再加以補(bǔ)充讓學(xué)生在書本上做好記錄,強(qiáng)調(diào)最大功績是結(jié)束了兩千多年的君主專制政體。辛亥革命的失敗及其評價(jià)很易搞成生硬的一言堂形式,可以從多種角度把學(xué)生思維調(diào)動起來。這里采用列舉一個(gè)合作探究,自由討論的題目“有人認(rèn)為辛亥革命因?yàn)闆]有完成反帝反封建的革命任務(wù)而失敗,有人則認(rèn)為辛亥革命是中國“從君主到民主”社會轉(zhuǎn)型的成功開始。你同意哪種看法?”要求同學(xué)們自由討論.各抒己見,大膽創(chuàng)新,言之在理即可.教師在一旁引導(dǎo)學(xué)生,活躍課堂氣氛.最后教者歸納總結(jié)學(xué)習(xí)歷史從不同的角度看問題可以得出不同的結(jié)論,學(xué)會用辯證的觀點(diǎn)看待歷史問題,對辛亥革命有個(gè)全面的認(rèn)識。

“第二次鴉片戰(zhàn)爭”爆發(fā)的原因的講析,可通過出示英國在鴉片戰(zhàn)爭后在中國與洪都拉斯的正當(dāng)貿(mào)易對比表,讓學(xué)生觀察和創(chuàng)設(shè)情景來得出結(jié)論。戰(zhàn)爭的經(jīng)過及影響,可以通過兩次鴉片戰(zhàn)爭形勢圖,以及一張相關(guān)的表格,從戰(zhàn)爭的根本目的、性質(zhì)、過程及影響等方面來比較兩次戰(zhàn)爭的異同,從而讓學(xué)生理解掌握“戰(zhàn)火再燃”其實(shí)就是中英鴉片戰(zhàn)爭的繼續(xù)和擴(kuò)大。并理解“第二次鴉片戰(zhàn)爭”的如何使中國社會半殖民地半封建化的程度大大加深了。并突出英法兩國殖民者在占領(lǐng)北京期間所犯的滔天罪行。3、結(jié):結(jié)合板書設(shè)計(jì),讓生自己總結(jié)這節(jié)課所學(xué)的內(nèi)容,并通過課后習(xí)題練于講相結(jié)合,來鞏固本課知識。在此基礎(chǔ)上對本課線索及主要知識點(diǎn)進(jìn)行簡要的梳理。4、課題延伸:教材后探究學(xué)習(xí)總結(jié)中的一段材料,即《英國駐華商務(wù)監(jiān)督義律致英國外交大臣巴麥尊的機(jī)密件》,讓學(xué)生究義律對中國發(fā)動鴉片戰(zhàn)爭原因的說辭來展開探討,啟發(fā)學(xué)生運(yùn)用辨證唯物主義的基本觀點(diǎn),澄清和批駁在在一問題上的一些錯(cuò)誤和謬論,從而提高學(xué)生辨別是非的能力和批判的能力.

3、清代的“閉關(guān)鎖國”政策:(1)原因:①根本原因:自給自足的封建自然經(jīng)濟(jì);②客觀原因:西方殖民者向東方殖民擴(kuò)張;③直接原因:對付東南沿海人民的抗清斗爭(2)內(nèi)容:嚴(yán)格限制對外貿(mào)易。但并不是禁絕海外貿(mào)易??滴跬砥冢股倘饲巴涎筚Q(mào)易;乾隆時(shí)只開廣州一處通商,并設(shè)立政府特許的貿(mào)易機(jī)構(gòu)廣州“十三行”統(tǒng)一經(jīng)營管理對外貿(mào)易。(3)后果:①閉關(guān)鎖國政策妨礙了海外市場的開拓,抑制了資本的原始積累,從而阻礙了資本主義萌芽的發(fā)展。②閉關(guān)鎖國政策隔絕了中國與外界的聯(lián)系,從而阻斷了中國學(xué)習(xí)西方的先進(jìn)科學(xué)技術(shù),阻礙了生產(chǎn)力發(fā)展,使中國落后于世界潮流。③“閉關(guān)鎖國”政策在一定程度上也保護(hù)了國家的安全。教師可以設(shè)置問題:17-18世紀(jì)中國顯露出哪些危機(jī)?
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