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小學(xué)數(shù)學(xué)人教版六年級(jí)下冊(cè)《比例的意義和基本性質(zhì)》說(shuō)課稿
1.說(shuō)教材《比例的意義和基本性質(zhì)》是人教版小學(xué)數(shù)學(xué)六年級(jí)下冊(cè)第四單元的內(nèi)容，這部分內(nèi)容是在學(xué)習(xí)了比的有關(guān)知識(shí)并掌握了一些常見(jiàn)的數(shù)量關(guān)系的基礎(chǔ)上進(jìn)行教學(xué)的，是前面“比的知識(shí)”的深化，也是后面學(xué)習(xí)解比例知識(shí)的基礎(chǔ)，并為學(xué)習(xí)比例的應(yīng)用，特別是為正、反比例及其應(yīng)用打好基礎(chǔ)。比例的知識(shí)在生活和生產(chǎn)中有著廣泛的應(yīng)用，所以本節(jié)課的知識(shí)就顯得尤為重要。2．教學(xué)目標(biāo)我以《新課程標(biāo)準(zhǔn)》為依據(jù)，結(jié)合小學(xué)數(shù)學(xué)教材編排的意圖和學(xué)生的實(shí)際情況，擬定以下教學(xué)目標(biāo)：（1）知識(shí)與技能目標(biāo)：使學(xué)生理解并掌握比例的意義和基本性質(zhì)，認(rèn)識(shí)比例各部分名稱，知道比和比例的區(qū)別。（2）能力目標(biāo)：培養(yǎng)學(xué)生自主參與的意識(shí)和主動(dòng)探究的精神，培養(yǎng)學(xué)生初步的觀察、分析、比較、判斷、概括的能力，發(fā)展學(xué)生的思維。 （3）情感與態(tài)度目標(biāo)：在教學(xué)中滲透愛(ài)國(guó)主義教育，培養(yǎng)學(xué)生善于觀察、勤于思考、樂(lè)于探究的學(xué)習(xí)習(xí)慣。3.教學(xué)重點(diǎn)、難點(diǎn)教學(xué)重點(diǎn)：理解比例的意義與探究基本性質(zhì)。教學(xué)難點(diǎn)：運(yùn)用比例的意義或性質(zhì)判斷兩個(gè)比能否組成比例，并能正確地組成比例。
對(duì)數(shù)函數(shù)及其圖像與性質(zhì)高中數(shù)學(xué)教案
【教學(xué)目標(biāo)】知識(shí)與技能目標(biāo)：掌握對(duì)數(shù)函數(shù)的圖像及性質(zhì)；過(guò)程與方法目標(biāo)：通過(guò)圖像特征的觀察，理解對(duì)數(shù)函數(shù)的性質(zhì)，并從中體會(huì)從具體到一般及數(shù)形結(jié)合的方法；情感態(tài)度與價(jià)值觀目標(biāo)：在教學(xué)活動(dòng)中培養(yǎng)學(xué)生的學(xué)習(xí)興趣，感受數(shù)學(xué)知識(shí)的應(yīng)用價(jià)值，體驗(yàn)知識(shí)之間的內(nèi)在邏輯之美。【教學(xué)重點(diǎn)】對(duì)數(shù)函數(shù)的圖像及性質(zhì)。【教學(xué)難點(diǎn)】對(duì)數(shù)函數(shù)性質(zhì)與應(yīng)用。
對(duì)數(shù)函數(shù)及其圖像與性質(zhì)高中數(shù)學(xué)教案
二、對(duì)數(shù)函數(shù)的概念1. 計(jì)算對(duì)數(shù)的值 N1248x 思路（引入對(duì)數(shù)的概念）：讓學(xué)生依次計(jì)算、、、、、、，體會(huì)每一個(gè)真數(shù)都能找到唯一一個(gè)對(duì)數(shù)與之對(duì)應(yīng)，這就形成了一個(gè)函數(shù)，我們稱這個(gè)函數(shù)為對(duì)數(shù)函數(shù)。
新人教版高中英語(yǔ)必修3Unit 1 Festivals and Celebrations-Reading for writing教學(xué)設(shè)計(jì)二
Step 3 Analyzing article structureActivity 31. Teachers raise questions to guide students to analyze the chapter structure of this diary and think about how to describe the festival experience. (1)What should be included in the opening/body/closing paragraph(s)?(2)How did the writer arrange his/her ideas?(3)What kind of interesting details did the writer describe?(4)How did the writer describe his/her feelings/emotions during the event?2. Students read and compare the three sentence patterns in activity 2. Try to rewrite the first paragraph of the diary with these three sentence patterns. After that, students exchange corrections with their partners. Such as:●This was my first time spending three days experiencing the Naadam Festival in China’s Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region and it was an enjoyable and exciting experience. ●I'll never forget my experience at the Naadam Festival because it was my first time to watch the exciting Mongolian games of horse racing, wrestling, and archery so closely. ●I'll always remember my first experience at the Naadam Festival in China’s Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region because it was so amazing to spend three days witnessing a grand Mongolian ceremony. Step 4 Accumulation of statementsActivity 41. Ask the students to read the diary again. Look for sentences that express feelings and emotions, especially those with the -ing form and the past participle. Such as:● …h(huán)orse racing, wrestling, and archery, which are all so exciting to watch. ● some amazing performances● I was surprised to see…● I was a little worried about. . . ● feeling really tiredOther emotional statements:●I absolutely enjoyed the archery, too, but the horse races were my favourite part. ●I'm finally back home now, feeling really tired, but celebrating Naadam with my friend was totally worth it. ●He invited me back for the winter to stay in a traditional Mongolian tent and cat hot pot. I can’t wait!2. In addition to the use of the -ing form and the past participle, the teacher should guide the students in the appreciation of these statements, ask them to memorize them, and encourage them to use them reasonably in writing practice.
新人教版高中英語(yǔ)必修3Unit 4 Space Exploration-Listening&Speaking＆Talking教學(xué)設(shè)計(jì)二
The themes of this part are “Talk about how to become an astronaut” and “Talk about life in space”. As Neil Armstrong said “Mystery creates wonder and wonder is the basis of man’s desire to understand. Space is difficult for human to reach, therefore, humans are full of wonders about it. However, if wanting to achieve the dream of reaching the Moon, some of our human should work hard to be an astronaut at first. Part A(Talk about how to become an astronaut) is a radio interview in a radio studio, where the host asked the Chinese astronauts about his story how to become an astronaut. Yang Liwei told his dreamed to be an astronaut since childhood. Then he worked hard to get into college at 22. The next 10 years, he gradually became an experienced pilot. At the same time, to be an astronaut, he had to study hard English, science and astronomy and trained hard to keep in good physical and mental health and to practise using space equipment. Part B (Talk about life in space) is also an interview with the astronaut Brown, who is back on the earth. The host Max asked about his space life, such as his emotion about going back the earth, the eating, shower, brushing, hobbies and his work. Part A and Part B are interviews. So expressing curiosity about the guests’ past life is a communicative skill, which students should be guided to learn.1. Students can get detailed information about how Yang Liwei became an astronaut and Max’s space life.2. Students learn to proper listening strategy to get detailed information---listening for numbers and taking notes.3. Students can learn related sentences or phrases to express their curiosity like “ I wish to know...” “I’d love to know...”4. Students can learn more about the space and astronauts, even be interested in working hard to be an astronaut
新人教版高中英語(yǔ)必修3Unit 4 Space Exploration-Reading and Thinking教學(xué)設(shè)計(jì)二
The theme of this unit focuses on “space exploration.” Students will learn about the training and experience needed to become an astronaut. The text is mainly about the development of space exploration. On the one hand, the text helps students to have a good understanding about the great feats humans have achieved, on the other hand, they will further understand the contributions that we Chinese have achieved, and feel confident and proud about our homeland and strengthen their love for our country. The teacher should instruct students to aim high and study harder to make great progress in the space career if possible.1. Read about the development and value of space exploration.2. Explore the mysteries of the universe and the achievements in space exploration.3. Skillfully use the vocabulary of this text to cultivate self-study ability 4. Develop cooperative learning ability through discussion.1. Enable the Ss to talk about the development and value of space exploration.2. Guide the Ss to summarize the main idea of each paragraph as well as the main idea of the text.3. Help Ss comprehend the main reasons for space exploration. Multi-media, textbook, notebooks.Step 1: Warming up and predictionLook at the title and the pictures of the text and predict what the text will be about?2. What are the main reasons for space exploration?
新人教版高中英語(yǔ)必修3Unit 4 Space Exploration-Reading for Writing教學(xué)設(shè)計(jì)二
⑦在我看來(lái), 探索太空是值得的。As far as I am concerned, it is worthwhile to explore the space.Step 10 Writing---draftRecently, students in our class have had heated a discussion on whether space is worth exploring. Students hold different ideas about it.30% of us think space exploration is not worthwhile. They think space is too far away from us and our daily life and is a waste of money. And the money spent on space exploration can be used to solve the earth’s problems such as starvation and pollution.On the other hand，70% think space is worth exploring because we have benefited a lot from it，such as using satellites for communication and weather forecast. What’s more，with further space research，we may solve the population problem by moving to other planets one day. Also，space research will enable us to find new sources to solve the problem of energy shortages on the earth.As far as I am concerned, it is worthwhile to explore the space. Not only can it promote the development of society but also enrich our life. Step 11 Pair workExchange drafts with a partner. Use this checklist to help your partner revise his/her draft.1.Does the writer explain why he/she changed/wanted to change?2.Does the writer tell how the changes have improved or will improve his/her life?3.Is the text well－organised?4.Does the writer use words and expressions to show similarities and differences?5.Are there any grammar or spelling errors?6.Does the writer use correct punctuation？
新人教版高中英語(yǔ)必修3Unit 5 The value of money-Reading and Thinking教學(xué)設(shè)計(jì)二
? Could you offer me some kind of work here?? I don’t want your charity, I just want an honest job.? Careless: I landed in Britain by accident.Step 7:Consolidation.? Find Henry? Roderick and Oliver were I .making a bet when they saw Henry, a poor young man. ? Know Henry? About a month ago, Henry was sailing and later he found himself carried out to sea by a strong wind. Fortunately, he 2.was spotted by a ship. And it was the ship that brought him to 3.England? Offer money to Henry ? Oliver and Roderick gave Henry a letter and told him that there was money in it. They 4.persuaded him to accept it, and made him 5.promise that it wouldn't be opened until 2 o'clock.Step 8：Language pointsa large amount of: a large quantity of; a great deal ofe.g. They bought a large amount of furniture before they moved their new house.make a bet: make an arrangement to risk money, etc. on an event of which the result is doubtful.e.g. We made a bet on the result of the match.permit sb to do something: allow somebody to do somethinge.g. My mother doesn’t permit me to ride in the street after it rained.by accident: as a result of chancee.g. I only found it by accident.stare at: look at somebody or something with the eyes wide open in a fixed gaze( in astonishment, wonder, fear, etc)to be honest: to tell you the truth; to be franke.g. To be honest, I don’t think we have a chance of winning.Step7 Homework:What do you think will happen to Henry? Will the bank-note help him or get him into trouble?
新人教版高中英語(yǔ)必修3Unit 5 The Value of Money-Reading for Writing教學(xué)設(shè)計(jì)二
2. 您能看到, 我頭發(fā)太長(zhǎng)了。You can see that my hair is much too long.3. 無(wú)論什么時(shí)候, 只要您想回來(lái)就回來(lái)。Please come back whenever you want.4. 您僅有很少的頭發(fā)要理! You only have too little hair to cut !5. 為您服務(wù)是我的榮幸！It is my honour to serve you!Step 9 Writing(Henry is walking down the street when he sees a sign for a place that cuts hair. He decides to have it cut. )H=Henry B=BarberH: Good afternoon, I’d like to have my hair cut, if I may. (The barber looks at Henry’s hair and continues cutting another man’s hair. ) Er, I’d really like a haircut. As you can see it’s much too long. B: (in a rude manner) Yes, I can see that. Indeed, I can. H: Fine, well, I’ll have a seat then. (He sits in one of the barber’s chairs. The barber turns to look at Henry. )B: It’s quite expensive here, you know! Are you sure you can afford it?H: Yes. I think so. (After his hair is cut, the barber tells Henry how much he must pay. Henry shows the barber the bank note. )B: Why Mr. . . (looks shocked)H: Adams. Henry Adams. I’m sorry. I don’t have any change. B: Please don’t worry! (wearing a big smile) Nothing to worry about! Nothing at all! Please come back whenever you want, even if you only have too little hair to cut! It will be my honour to serve you!Step 10 Pair workExchange drafts with a partner. Use this checklist to help your partner revise his/her draft.1. Are all the elements of a play included and in good order ?2. Do the character use suitable language ?3. Are the stage directions clear and useful ?4. Is the plot clear and exciting enough ?
反比例函數(shù)教案教學(xué)設(shè)計(jì)
本節(jié)的內(nèi)容主要是反比例函數(shù)的概念教學(xué).反比例函數(shù)概念的建立，不能從形式上進(jìn)行簡(jiǎn)單的抽象與概括，而是對(duì)這些實(shí)例從不同角度抽象出本質(zhì)屬性后，再進(jìn)行概括。教材設(shè)計(jì)的基本思路是從現(xiàn)實(shí)生活中大量的反比例關(guān)系中抽象出反比例函數(shù)概念，讓學(xué)生進(jìn)一步感受函數(shù)是反映現(xiàn)實(shí)世界中變量關(guān)系的一種有效數(shù)學(xué)模型，逐步從對(duì)具體反比例函數(shù)的感性認(rèn)識(shí)上升到對(duì)抽象的反比例函數(shù)概念的理性認(rèn)識(shí). 同時(shí)本節(jié)的學(xué)習(xí)內(nèi)容，直接關(guān)系到本章后續(xù)內(nèi)容的學(xué)習(xí)，也是繼續(xù)學(xué)習(xí)其它各類函數(shù)的基礎(chǔ)，其中蘊(yùn)涵的類比、歸納、對(duì)應(yīng)和函數(shù)的數(shù)學(xué)思想方法，對(duì)學(xué)生今后研究問(wèn)題、解決問(wèn)題以及終身的發(fā)展都是非常有益的.基于以上分析，本節(jié)教學(xué)設(shè)計(jì)是建立在一個(gè)個(gè)數(shù)學(xué)活動(dòng)的基礎(chǔ)上，經(jīng)過(guò)對(duì)情境理解、本質(zhì)抽象的積累而形成的.讓學(xué)生對(duì)一類問(wèn)題情境中兩個(gè)變量間的關(guān)系，在充分經(jīng)歷寫表達(dá)式，計(jì)算函數(shù)值和觀察函數(shù)值隨自變量變化規(guī)律的過(guò)程中，逐步概括形成反比例函數(shù)的概念.針對(duì)教學(xué)實(shí)際，我選取了貼學(xué)生現(xiàn)實(shí)的，有價(jià)值的實(shí)例“文具店里買學(xué)習(xí)用品”和“剪面積為定值的長(zhǎng)方形紙片”等作為問(wèn)題情境.
有理數(shù)復(fù)習(xí)教案教學(xué)設(shè)計(jì)
3）乘除運(yùn)算①有理數(shù)的乘法法則：（老師給出，學(xué)生一起朗讀）1. 兩數(shù)相乘，同號(hào)得正，異號(hào)得負(fù)，并把絕對(duì)值相乘；2. 任何數(shù)與零相乘都得零；3. 幾個(gè)不等于零的數(shù)相乘，積的符號(hào)由負(fù)因數(shù)的個(gè)數(shù)決定，當(dāng)負(fù)因數(shù)有奇數(shù)個(gè)數(shù)，積為負(fù)；當(dāng)負(fù)因數(shù)的個(gè)數(shù)為偶數(shù)個(gè)時(shí)，積為正；4. 幾個(gè)有理數(shù)相乘，若其中有一個(gè)為零，積就為零。②有理數(shù)的除法法則：（老師提問(wèn)，學(xué)生回答）1. 兩個(gè)有理數(shù)相除，同號(hào)得正，異號(hào)得負(fù)，并把絕對(duì)值相除；2. 除以一個(gè)數(shù)等于乘以這個(gè)數(shù)的倒數(shù)。③關(guān)系（老師給出）除法轉(zhuǎn)化為乘法進(jìn)行運(yùn)算。
《賣懶》教學(xué)設(shè)計(jì)教案
1.制作紅燈籠師：（展示漂亮的燈籠）小朋友們想不想自己親手制作一個(gè)呢？生：好呀師：那小朋友們知道制作燈籠需要什么材料嗎？生：彩紙、剪刀...師：沒(méi)錯(cuò)，那老師先來(lái)展示一下怎么制作燈籠吧?。ㄕ故就旰?，開(kāi)始讓小朋友兩兩組合共同制作）2.制作燈籠剪紙師：小朋友們，剛剛是不是已經(jīng)制作燈籠了呀？下面我們進(jìn)行一個(gè)更好玩的環(huán)節(jié)？生：好呀好呀！師：那我先來(lái)展示一下咯，小朋友們別眨眼呀！（展示完后，開(kāi)始讓小朋友們獨(dú)立完成）小結(jié)：通過(guò)制作共同合作制作燈籠與獨(dú)自完成燈籠剪影，不僅使他們更能感知燈籠的形狀，更能提高小朋友們的動(dòng)手能力和思考力。
《琵琶行》教學(xué)設(shè)計(jì)
文本分析《琵琶行》作為白居易最為出名的詩(shī)歌之一，內(nèi)容詳實(shí)，情感動(dòng)人，在詩(shī)歌中，白居易塑造了兩個(gè)形象極為鮮明的人物——琵琶女&作者本人。一個(gè)是江湖薄命人，一個(gè)是官場(chǎng)失意者。兩個(gè)本無(wú)交集的人因?yàn)榫┒寂寐曄嘤?，互訴衷腸后，發(fā)出“同是天涯淪落人，相逢何必曾相識(shí)“的感慨
北師大初中九年級(jí)數(shù)學(xué)下冊(cè)直線和圓的位置關(guān)系及切線的性質(zhì)教案
解析：(1)由切線的性質(zhì)得AB⊥BF，因?yàn)镃D⊥AB，所以CD∥BF，由平行線的性質(zhì)得∠ADC＝∠F，由圓周角定理的推論得∠ABC＝∠ADC，于是證得∠ABC＝∠F；(2)連接BD.由直徑所對(duì)的圓周角是直角得∠ADB＝90°，因?yàn)椤螦BF＝90°，然后運(yùn)用解直角三角形解答．(1)證明：∵BF為⊙O的切線，∴AB⊥BF.∵CD⊥AB，∴∠ABF＝∠AHD＝90°，∴CD∥BF.∴∠ADC＝∠F.又∵∠ABC＝∠ADC，∴∠ABC＝∠F；(2)解：連接BD，∵AB為⊙O的直徑，∴∠ADB＝90°，∴∠A＋∠ABD＝90°.由(1)可知∠ABF＝90°，∴∠ABD＋∠DBF＝90°，∴∠A＝∠DBF.又∵∠A＝∠C，∴∠C＝∠DBF.在Rt△DBF中，sin∠DBF＝sinC＝35，DF＝6，∴BF＝10，∴BD＝8.在Rt△ABD中，sinA＝sinC＝35，BD＝8，∴AB＝403.∴⊙O的半徑為203.方法總結(jié)：運(yùn)用切線的性質(zhì)來(lái)進(jìn)行計(jì)算或論證，常通過(guò)作輔助線連接圓心和切點(diǎn)，利用垂直構(gòu)造直角三角形解決有關(guān)問(wèn)題．
初中數(shù)學(xué)北京版七年級(jí)下冊(cè)《不等式的基本性質(zhì)》說(shuō)課稿
一、關(guān)于教學(xué)目標(biāo)的確定：第五章的主要內(nèi)容是一元一次不等式（組）的解法及其在簡(jiǎn)單實(shí)際問(wèn)題中的探索與應(yīng)用。探索不等式的基本性質(zhì)是在為本章的重點(diǎn)一元一次不等式的解法作準(zhǔn)備。不等式的基本性質(zhì)3更是本章的難點(diǎn)?？墒钦f(shuō)不等式的基本性質(zhì)這個(gè)概念既是不等式這一章的基礎(chǔ)概念又是學(xué)生學(xué)習(xí)的難點(diǎn)。因此我選擇此節(jié)課說(shuō)課。教參指導(dǎo)我們：教學(xué)要注重和學(xué)生已有的學(xué)習(xí)經(jīng)驗(yàn)和生活實(shí)際相聯(lián)系，注重讓學(xué)生經(jīng)歷和體會(huì)“從實(shí)際問(wèn)題中抽象出數(shù)學(xué)模型，并回到實(shí)際問(wèn)題中解釋和檢驗(yàn)”的過(guò)程。注重“概念的實(shí)際背景與形成過(guò)程”的教學(xué)。使學(xué)生在熟悉的實(shí)際問(wèn)題中，在已有的學(xué)習(xí)經(jīng)驗(yàn)的基礎(chǔ)上，經(jīng)歷“嘗試—猜想—驗(yàn)證”的探索過(guò)程，體會(huì)“轉(zhuǎn)化”的思想方法，體會(huì)數(shù)學(xué)的價(jià)值，激發(fā)學(xué)習(xí)興趣。在教學(xué)中要滲透函數(shù)思想。運(yùn)用數(shù)學(xué)中歸納、類比的方法，理解方程與不等式的異同點(diǎn)。
北師大初中數(shù)學(xué)八年級(jí)上冊(cè)正比例函數(shù)的圖象和性質(zhì)2教案
四、教學(xué)設(shè)計(jì)反思這節(jié)內(nèi)容是學(xué)生利用數(shù)形結(jié)合的思想去研究正比例函數(shù)的圖象，對(duì)函數(shù)與圖象的對(duì)應(yīng)關(guān)系有點(diǎn)陌生．在教學(xué)過(guò)程中教師應(yīng)通過(guò)情境創(chuàng)設(shè)激發(fā)學(xué)生的學(xué)習(xí)興趣，對(duì)函數(shù)與圖象的對(duì)應(yīng)關(guān)系應(yīng)讓學(xué)生動(dòng)手去實(shí)踐，去發(fā)現(xiàn)，對(duì)正比例函數(shù)的圖象是一條直線應(yīng)讓學(xué)生自己得出．在得出結(jié)論之后，讓學(xué)生能運(yùn)用“兩點(diǎn)確定一條直線”，很快作出正比例函數(shù)的圖象．在鞏固練習(xí)活動(dòng)中，鼓勵(lì)學(xué)生積極思考，提高學(xué)生解決實(shí)際問(wèn)題的能力．當(dāng)然，根據(jù)學(xué)生狀況，教學(xué)設(shè)計(jì)也應(yīng)做出相應(yīng)的調(diào)整。如第一環(huán)節(jié)：創(chuàng)設(shè)情境 引入課題，固然可以激發(fā)學(xué)生興趣，但也可能容易讓學(xué)生關(guān)注代數(shù)表達(dá)式的尋求，甚至對(duì)部分學(xué)生形成一定的認(rèn)知障礙，因此該環(huán)節(jié)也可以直接開(kāi)門見(jiàn)山，直入主題，如提出問(wèn)題：正比例函數(shù)的代數(shù)形式是y=kx，那么，一個(gè)正比例函數(shù)對(duì)應(yīng)的圖形具有什么特征呢？
北師大初中數(shù)學(xué)八年級(jí)上冊(cè)正比例函數(shù)的圖象和性質(zhì)1教案
探究點(diǎn)三：正比例函數(shù)的性質(zhì)已知正比例函數(shù)y＝－kx的圖象經(jīng)過(guò)一、三象限，P1(x1，y1)、P2(x2，y2)、P3(x3，y3)三點(diǎn)在函數(shù)y＝(k－2)x的圖象上，且x1>x3>x2，則y1，y2，y3的大小關(guān)系為()A．y1>y3>y2 B．y1>y2>y3C．y1y2>y1解析：由y＝－kx的圖象經(jīng)過(guò)一、三象限，可知－k>0即kx3>x2得y10時(shí)，y隨x的增大而增大；k<0時(shí)，y隨x的增大而減?。鍟O(shè)計(jì)1．函數(shù)與圖象之間是一一對(duì)應(yīng)的關(guān)系；2．作一個(gè)函數(shù)的圖象的一般步驟：列表，描點(diǎn)，連線；3．正比例函數(shù)的圖象的性質(zhì)：正比例函數(shù)的圖象是一條經(jīng)過(guò)原點(diǎn)的直線．經(jīng)歷函數(shù)圖象的作圖過(guò)程，初步了解作函數(shù)圖象的一般步驟：列表、描點(diǎn)、連線．已知函數(shù)的表達(dá)式作函數(shù)的圖象，培養(yǎng)學(xué)生數(shù)形結(jié)合的意識(shí)和能力．理解一次函數(shù)的表達(dá)式與圖象之間的一一對(duì)應(yīng)關(guān)系．
北師大初中數(shù)學(xué)九年級(jí)上冊(cè)反比例函數(shù)的性質(zhì)1教案
如圖，四邊形OABC是邊長(zhǎng)為1的正方形，反比例函數(shù)y＝kx的圖象經(jīng)過(guò)點(diǎn)B（x0，y0），則k的值為.解析：∵四邊形OABC是邊長(zhǎng)為1的正方形，∴它的面積為1，且BA⊥y軸.又∵點(diǎn)B（x0，y0）是反比例函數(shù)y＝kx圖象上的一點(diǎn)，則有S正方形OABC＝|x0y0|＝|k|，即1＝|k|.∴k＝±1.又∵點(diǎn)B在第二象限，∴k＝－1.方法總結(jié)：利用正方形或矩形或三角形的面積確定|k|的值之后，要注意根據(jù)函數(shù)圖象所在位置或函數(shù)的增減性確定k的符號(hào).三、板書設(shè)計(jì)反比例函數(shù)的性質(zhì)性質(zhì)當(dāng)k＞0時(shí)，在每一象限內(nèi)，y的值隨x的值的增大而減小當(dāng)k＜0時(shí)，在每一象限內(nèi)，y的值隨x的值的增大而增大反比例函數(shù)圖象中比例系數(shù)k的幾何意義通過(guò)對(duì)反比例函數(shù)圖象的全面觀察和比較，發(fā)現(xiàn)函數(shù)自身的規(guī)律，概括反比例函數(shù)的有關(guān)性質(zhì)，進(jìn)行語(yǔ)言表述，訓(xùn)練學(xué)生的概括、總結(jié)能力，在相互交流中發(fā)展從圖象中獲取信息的能力.讓學(xué)生積極參與到數(shù)學(xué)學(xué)習(xí)活動(dòng)中，增強(qiáng)他們對(duì)數(shù)學(xué)學(xué)習(xí)的好奇心與求知欲.
北師大初中數(shù)學(xué)九年級(jí)上冊(cè)正方形的性質(zhì)1教案
在Rt△ABC中，AC＝AB2＋BC2＝12＋12＝2(cm)，∴FC＝AC－AF＝2－1(cm)，∴BE＝2－1(cm)．方法總結(jié)：正方形被對(duì)角線分成4個(gè)等腰直角三角形，因此在正方形中解決問(wèn)題時(shí)常用到等腰三角形的性質(zhì)與直角三角形的性質(zhì)．【類型三】 利用正方形的性質(zhì)證明線段相等如圖，已知過(guò)正方形ABCD的對(duì)角線BD上一點(diǎn)P，作PE⊥BC于點(diǎn)E，PF⊥CD于點(diǎn)F，求證：AP＝EF.解析：由PE⊥BC，PF⊥CD知四邊形PECF為矩形，故有EF＝PC，這時(shí)只需說(shuō)明AP＝CP，由正方形對(duì)角線互相垂直平分可知AP＝CP.證明：連接AC，PC，如圖．∵四邊形ABCD為正方形，∴BD垂直平分AC，∴AP＝CP.∵PE⊥BC，PF⊥CD，∠BCD＝90°，∴四邊形PECF為矩形，∴PC＝EF，∴AP＝EF.方法總結(jié)：(1)在正方形中，常利用對(duì)角線互相垂直平分證明線段相等；(2)無(wú)論是正方形還是矩形，經(jīng)常連接對(duì)角線，這樣可以使分散的條件集中．
北師大初中數(shù)學(xué)八年級(jí)上冊(cè)平行線的性質(zhì)1教案
方法總結(jié)：平行線與角的大小關(guān)系、直線的位置關(guān)系是緊密聯(lián)系在一起的．由兩直線平行的位置關(guān)系得到兩個(gè)相關(guān)角的數(shù)量關(guān)系，從而得到相應(yīng)角的度數(shù)．探究點(diǎn)四：平行于同一條直線的兩直線平行如圖所示，AB∥CD.求證：∠B＋∠BED＋∠D＝360°.解析：證明本題的關(guān)鍵是如何使平行線與要證的角發(fā)生聯(lián)系，顯然需作出輔助線，溝通已知和結(jié)論．已知AB∥CD，但沒(méi)有一條直線既與AB相交，又與CD相交，所以需要作輔助線構(gòu)造同位角、內(nèi)錯(cuò)角或同旁內(nèi)角，但是又要保證原有條件和結(jié)論的完整性，所以需要過(guò)點(diǎn)E作AB的平行線．證明：如圖所示，過(guò)點(diǎn)E作EF∥AB，則有∠B＋∠BEF＝180°(兩直線平行，同旁內(nèi)角互補(bǔ))．又∵AB∥CD(已知)，∴EF∥CD(如果兩條直線都和第三條直線平行，那么這兩條直線也互相平行)，∴∠FED＋∠D＝180°(兩直線平行，同旁內(nèi)角互補(bǔ))．∴∠B＋∠BEF＋∠FED＋∠D＝180°＋180°(等式的性質(zhì))，即∠B＋∠BED＋∠D＝360°.方法總結(jié)：過(guò)一點(diǎn)作一條直線或線段的平行線是我們常作的輔助線．
