
【教學(xué)參考】對(duì)“新政”作用的評(píng)價(jià)史學(xué)界對(duì)“新政”作用的評(píng)價(jià)是仁者見(jiàn)仁、智者見(jiàn)智,但基本上有三種觀點(diǎn),即“功大于過(guò)論”、“過(guò)大于功論”和“功過(guò)參半論”。持“功大于過(guò)論”者認(rèn)為“新政”在美國(guó)歷史上基本上是一種進(jìn)步現(xiàn)象,首先,“新政”挽救了危機(jī),使美國(guó)人民擺脫了危機(jī)的困苦局面;其次,在缺少足夠的宏觀經(jīng)濟(jì)政策知識(shí)的時(shí)代,羅斯福所做的努力確實(shí)是開(kāi)創(chuàng)性的;再次,羅斯?!靶抡遍_(kāi)啟了美國(guó)以后歷屆政府實(shí)施國(guó)家干預(yù)政策的大門,成為緩解自由主義經(jīng)濟(jì)制度之弊病的一劑良方,并在實(shí)質(zhì)上加強(qiáng)了美國(guó)聯(lián)邦政府的權(quán)威;最后,在30年代資本主義世界經(jīng)濟(jì)危機(jī)的背景下,同日本、德國(guó)為轉(zhuǎn)嫁危機(jī)而發(fā)動(dòng)戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)的策略相比,“新政”無(wú)疑代表了一種進(jìn)步、民主的解救危機(jī)方式。持“過(guò)大于功論”者認(rèn)為“新政”未能使美國(guó)走出蕭條、步入繁榮。

無(wú)論她說(shuō)什么都不會(huì)對(duì)我們的安排有影響。Answers: for, arrangement3) Parents arrange everything for their children and spare no effort to pave the way for their success.父母為孩子安排好一切,不遺余力地為他們的成功鋪路。4. extremely adv 極其,非常extreme adj 非常的1) Mary found it extremely difficult to get a job.2) I’m extremely sorry to have troubled you.Answers:瑪麗發(fā)現(xiàn)找工作極其困難。給你添了麻煩,我十分抱歉。3) It had white-painted tunnels and bright red carriages, and proved _________ (extreme) popular with the public.它有白色的隧道和明亮的紅色車廂,結(jié)果證明它非常受大眾的歡迎。Answers: extremelyExercises1. I am continuing to apply_______ jobs though I have failed several times.2. All this had an _______ (extremely) bad effect on the criminal justice system.3. The invention would have wide ______ (apply) in industry.4. She’s happy with her unusual living _________ (arrange).5. I was banging so loudly that I’m ___________ (amaze) that they didn’t hear me.6. You haven’t changed at all you still look ___________ (exact) the same.7. “Was it what you expected?” “Yes, _________ (definite).”8. He was looking forward to______ (work) with the newPrime Minister. Answers: for extreme application arrangement amazed exactly definitely looking單句寫作:1. _______________ (你要說(shuō)些什么) when you get on the platform to accept the reward?2. Since_____________________(我們?yōu)檫@些事情做好了準(zhǔn)備), we have nothing to worry about.

Good expressions that students can choose to use: help the travelers choose which tour to take1. In my opinion, you could/might choose…, because you prefer to…2. …could be a perfect choice for you, for…3. As far as I am concerned, you would enjoy…, for…4. …would probably suit you, because you enjoy/love/hate doing…Step 5 Passage ConsolidationLanguage appreciation:1. You can then spend three days exploring the rainforest with a local guide and enjoying the plants and animals unique to the rainforest. 在接下來(lái)的三天里,您可以在當(dāng)?shù)貙?dǎo)游的陪同下,深入雨林進(jìn)行探索,欣賞雨林特有的動(dòng)植物。本句主體結(jié)構(gòu)為spend some time doing sth. 2. Inca builders cut stones to exact sizes so that nothing was needed to hold walls together other than the perfect fit of the stones. 印加的建筑工人將石頭切割成精確的尺寸,僅僅憑著石頭間的完美契合,即可穩(wěn)固墻體。本句為so that引導(dǎo)的結(jié)果狀語(yǔ)從句。nothing與the perfect fit為并列成分; other than在句中意為“除了”。Step 6 HomeworkSuppose you will travel to Peru, write a short essay about your three-day tour plan.

Is there a clear purpose for the trip? :Does each paragraph have a clear main idea? Does the writer use the present continuous tense for future plans?Does the writer use commas, stops, and question marks correctly? Are all the words spelt correctly?Are all the proper nouns capitalized?Revise your draft according to your partner's comments.Step 5:The summary of how to write a travel plan.旅游計(jì)劃是一種常見(jiàn)的應(yīng)用文寫作。旅游可分為觀光游、文化游、美食游及探險(xiǎn)游等不同類型,因此旅游計(jì)劃也要根據(jù)不同的旅游目的進(jìn)行設(shè)計(jì)。常規(guī)的旅游計(jì)劃需要明確以下幾個(gè)方面的問(wèn)題:Travel planWhen will you leave for? Where is your the destination?How will you get there?What will you do there?How long will you there?Is there a clear purpose for the trip? 為了提升旅行計(jì)劃的層級(jí),還需注意以下幾個(gè)方面的問(wèn)題:1.每段是否有明確清晰的主題;2.用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)代替一般將來(lái)時(shí);3.用更高級(jí)的形容詞詞匯。例如:表達(dá)“好”時(shí),不要總用“nice”,我們還可以用“smart, clean, excellent, exciting, beautiful, wonderful, clever, famous, grand”等表達(dá)更具有指向性的詞匯;4.用更高級(jí)的動(dòng)詞詞匯。比如:我們可以用“seem stand, lie .get stay, remain, look . sound, become . keep, grow”等代替"be";

1. This section focuses on "Understanding how a problem was solved”, which is aimed to guide students to analyze and discuss the challenges and problems faced by cultural heritage protection during the construction of Aswan Dam, as well as the solutions. On the basis of understanding, students should pay attention to the key role of international cooperation in solving problems, and attach importance to the balance and coordination between cultural heritage protection and social and economic development. Students are encouraged to face challenges actively, be good at cooperation, and make continuous efforts to find reasonable ways and means to solve problems.2. Enable students to understand the main information and text structure of the reading text;3. Motivate students to use the reading strategy "make a timeline" according to the appropriate text genre;4. Enable students to understand how a problem was solved;5. Enable students to understand the value of protecting cultural heritage by teamwork and global community;1. Guide students to pay attention to reading strategies, such as prediction, self-questioning and scanning.2. Help students sort out the topic language about protecting cultural relics and understand the narrative characteristics of "time-event" in illustrative style3. Lead students to understand the value of protecting cultural heritage by teamwork and global community;

This report is short, concise and has typical news content and language features. The title uses the verb phrases, embodying the characteristics of being concise and general. The introduction is the first two sentences in the first paragraph, describing the general situation of the cultural heritage protection project, including time, place, characters, events and other news elements, so that readers can see the main points of the news report at a glance. The main body is the second and third paragraphs, which report the important historical and cultural value of Mogao Grottoes and the production of Mogao Grottoes Material digital photos, which are of great significance to the inheritance of historical culture and the promotion of international cultural understanding, exchange and cooperation. Direct citation is used in the report, as well as background introduction and other news writing techniques.1. Get students to have a good understanding of some features about a news report by reading the text.2. Instruct students to write a summary about a news report properly using some newly acquired writing skills in this period.3. Develop students’ writing and cooperating abilities.4. Strengthen students’ great interest in writing discourses.1. Stimulate students to have a good understanding of how to a summary about a news report 2. Cultivate students to write a news report properly and concisely.Step 1: Lead in Do you think it is necessary for us to circulate our cultural heritage to the world? Why or why not?Do we need to learn more about other countries’ cultural heritage? Why or why not?Step 2: Read to discover details concerning the main body of the news report.

This teaching period mainly deals with grammar “The Present Perfect Passive Voice.” To begin with, teachers should lead students to revise what they have learned about the Present Perfect Passive Voice. And then, teachers move on to stress more special cases concerning this grammar。This period carries considerable significance to the cultivation of students’ writing competence and lays a solid foundation for the basic appreciation of language beauty. The teacher is expected to enable students to master this period thoroughly and consolidate the knowledge by doing some exercises. 1. Guide students to review the basic usages of the Present Perfect Passive Voice2. Lead students to learn to use some special cases concerning the Present Perfect Passive Voice flexibly.2. Enable students to use the basic phrases structures flexibly.3. Strengthen students’ great interest in grammar learning.1. Help students to appreciate the function of the Present Perfect Passive Voice in a sentence2. Instruct students to write essays using the proper the Present Perfect Passive Voice.觀察下列句子特點(diǎn),總結(jié)共同點(diǎn)。1.(教材P28)Much has been written about the wonders of the World Wide Web.2.(教材P28)But the Internet has done much more for people than simply make life more convenient.3.(教材P28)Many people have been helped by the club.4.(教材P28)She no longer feels lonely, and her company has become quite successful.5.(教材P32)Today I thought I’d blog about a question that has been asked many times—how do you stay safe online and avoid bad experiences on the Internet?

This unit is about the Internet, which has a great influence to our humans and our lives. During the Listening & Speaking & Talking and Reading and Thinking section, the influence in examples has been shown. Thus, use the Present Perfect Tense is appropriate. However, in order to show the justice or weaken the doer of the behavior/action, it’s better to use the Present Perfect Passive Voice than the Present Perfect Tense. Besides, having learned to use the Present Perfect Passive Voice, students can beautify their language in their writing. 1. Learn the structure of the Present Perfect Passive Voice and its functions. 2. Learn to change the sentences with the Present Perfect Passive Voice into the sentences with the Present Perfect Passive Voice. 3. Learn to write sentences with the Present Perfect Passive Voice flexibly according to the context. 1. Learn the structure of the Present Perfect Passive Voice and its functions. 2. Learn to change the sentences with the Present Perfect Passive Voice into the sentences with the Present Perfect Passive Voice. 3. Learn to write sentences with the Present Perfect Passive Voice flexibly according to the context. Step 1 Observe the following sentences, then change the sentences into passive voice.He has been selected to take part in the sports meeting.(肯定句)他已被挑選出來(lái)參加運(yùn)動(dòng)會(huì)。The ink has not been removed from his overcoat.(否定句)墨跡還沒(méi)有從他外套上去掉。

Listening and Speaking introduces the topic of “ask about online habits”. Many middle school students have been surfing the Internet for many years, but what they do with the Internet and how much time they spend every day may not be very clear to themselves, nor to other students. This section allows students to investigate their peers' Internet use, which is conducive to their mutual understanding and understanding of the Internet. It can also help them reflect on their own online behavior, learn from other people's good online habits, and get rid of their bad online behavior.The listening text of this section is an investigation interview. The investigators interview specific groups with the same questions to obtain information, so as to understand their views, practices or attitudes on this issue. There are two specific questions: “how much time do you spend online every day? What do you usually do online?”. The answers of the three respondents provide rich and different information, and achieve the purpose of the investigators. The oral discourse structure of survey interviews generally includes greeting and explaining the purpose of the interview, presenting the interview questions and the respondents' answers. Listening and Talking introduces the theme of “choosing the right application ". Listening text is a conversation between Laura and Xiao Bo. In this part of listening, “oink”; “piggy bank” may cause the students' hearing comprehension limitation. Oink refers to sound word and pig's sound. So, add some oink to my piggy bank is often used to describe "making a little money".1. Guide students to understand the content of listening texts in terms of listening for definitions.2. Cultivate students' ability to define words and understand an investigation interview.

This teaching period mainly deals with grammar: The past participle is used as attributive and objective complement.1. Guide students to review the basic usages of the past participle used as attributive and objective complement.2. Lead students to learn to use some special cases concerning the past participle used as attributive and objective complement flexibly.3. Strengthen students’ great interest in grammar learning.1. Help students to appreciate the function of the past participle used as attributive and objective complement.2. Instruct students to write essays using the past participle used as attributive and objective complement.Step1:溫故而知新。Analyze the underlined phrases and then sum up the common usages of the past participles.1.(教材P41)They had castles built(build) all around England, and made changes to the legal system.2.(教材P42)They use the same flag, known(know) as the Union Jack,...3.(教材P42)Judy and I had our car parked(park) in an underground car park near Trafalgar Square, where we could get our car battery charged(charge).Common points: f the past participle used as attributive and objective complement.Step 2:過(guò)去分詞作定語(yǔ)時(shí)的意義1.及物動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去分詞作定語(yǔ),在語(yǔ)態(tài)上表示被動(dòng);在時(shí)間上,常表示動(dòng)作已經(jīng)發(fā)生或完成,有時(shí)也不表示時(shí)間性。Our teacher watched us doing the experiment and gave us a satisfied smile at last.我們的老師看著我們做實(shí)驗(yàn),最后給了我們一個(gè)滿意的微笑。The plan put forward at the meeting will be carried out soon.會(huì)上提出的計(jì)劃將很快被執(zhí)行。2.不及物動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去分詞作定語(yǔ),它不表示被動(dòng)意義,只強(qiáng)調(diào)動(dòng)作完成。Many little kids like gathering fallen leaves in the yard.

Step 5 While reading---Task 3Read the text again and answer the following questions.Q1: How many countries does the UK consist of ?4 Q2: What are the four countries of the United Kingdom?England, Wales, Scotland and Northern Ireland Q3: Which two were the first to be joined together ?England and WalesQ4: What are the two chief advantages of studying the history of a country ?The first one is to help you understand more about the country and its traditions.The second one is to make visiting it more enjoyable.Q5: What’s the author’s attitude towards studying the history ?Supportive/positiveStep 6 Post reading---Retell the textThe United Kingdom, Great Britain, Britain, England—many people are confused by (1)_____ these different names mean. In the 16th century, the nearby country of Wales (2) __________(join) to the Kingdom of England. In the 19 th century, the Kingdom of Ireland was added to create the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland. Finally, the southern part of Ireland (3) ______ (break) away from the UK, which resulted in the full name we have today. However, most people just use the (4)_________(shorten) name: the UK. The four countries (5)__________ belong to the United Kingdom work together in some areas. There were four sets of invaders and the last group were the Normans. They had castles (6)_________(build) all around England and made changes (7)__________ the legal system. Studying the history of the country will make your visit much more (8)_________(enjoy). The capital city London is (9)___ ancient port city that has a history (10)______(date) back to Roman times. 1. what 2.was joined 3.broke 4.shortened 5.that 6. built 7.to 8.enjoyable 9.an 10.dating Step 6 Homework

Step 1 Lead inThere are many interest of places in the UK. What do you know ?The Big Ben the London Tower the Thames RiverStep 2 Before reading---analyze the titleBeautiful Ireland and its traditionWe know that the article mainly tells about the beauty and traditions of Ireland. Step 3 While reading---Task 1Read the text and answer the following questions.Q1: What makes the Irish countryside exciting and inspiring?Its beauty and how it offers something for all the scenes.Q2: What are the best ways to experience some Irish traditions and cultures?By stopping by a village pub and relaxing with a drink and traditional meal while listening to music and watching dancingQ3: What is the meaning of “breathe in the sweet scent of fresh flowers while birds greet the new day with their morning song ?”It means to not just smell but also breathe in the smell of fresh flowers early in the morning as the birds sing their first song of the new day.Q4: What are the best ways to experience Chinese traditions and customs ?By travelling to different places and using all your senses to experience everything and by interacting with local people.Step 4 While reading---Task 2Analyze the descriptive paragraph1. Identify and underline the paragraph’s introductory sentence and the ending sentence.Introductory sentence: Ireland’s beautiful countryside has always had a great influence on its people and traditions.Ending sentence: And if you introduce yourself to a friendly face, you are more than likely to experience local culture and customs first-hand.2. The paragraph talks about different senses in different places. Write the senses and places in the order that they appear.

1. Get basic information about Eric; read deeply to understand the history and development of the virtual choir.2. Understand what the function of the virtual choir is and how to make a virtual choir.3. Understand the meaning of some languages in the context of the text through question guidance, such as “Many people do not have close friends or contacts who have the same interest in music.” and so on.Step 1 Leading-in1. Answer the following questions.Q1:Do you know the Apps like Tik Tok and Quick Hand?Q2: Do you want to make a Tik Tok video or a Quick Hand video?2. Play a Tik Tok video Step 2: Understanding the title Q1:What does the title mean ?Q2: Is the article a narration or exposition? Why? Q3: Can you change the title ? If you can, what is the title?Step 3: Scanning the whole text and getting the basic information1. Answer the following questions.Q1:Who came up with the idea for a virtual choir?Q2: Where did Eric studied the musical composition?Q3: What is his song?2. Find the main idea of each paragraph3. Deal with some new words.Step 4: Reading carefully to get detailed informationPara 1 How to make a virtual choir1. PreparationA. tools: a virtual camera; an Internet connectionB. hero/heroin: friends or some individuals who have the same interests2. Process

This section focuses on "learning about experiencing music Online". This virtual choir is a new form of music performance. Members from all over the world don't need to love to come to a place. Instead, they use the new technology to model the various parts and wonderful virtual harmony group of music in the family. Students need to understand the main meaning of each paragraph. Finding topic sentences is an important way to understand the general idea of a paragraph. After the topic sentence, it is usually the detail sentence that supports and explains the topic sentence. Some paragraphs have obvious subject sentences, for example, the first sentence of the second paragraph is the subject sentence of the paragraph, and the following sentenceStudents need to pay attention to the topic sentences and key sentences, and then pay attention to how the sentences after the meaning explain, explain and support the topic sentences or key sentences before.1.Guide students to learn about experiencing music online2.Guide students to scan and circle the information in the text.3.Guide students to find the numbers and dates to fill in the timeline.4.Guide students to learn more about music by completing the sentences with the correct forms of the words and phrases. And then make a mind map about the outline of the passage.1. Guide students to pay attention to reading strategies, such as prediction, self-questioning and scanning.2. Help students sort out the main meaning of each paragraph and understand the narrative characteristics of "timeline” in illustrative style.3. Lead students to understand the changes that have been caused by the Internet.

(4)Now we have heard a number of outstanding speeches ... 我們已經(jīng)聆聽(tīng)了許多精彩的發(fā)言……(5)Because we wanted the nations of the world, working together, to deal with ... 因?yàn)槲覀兿M澜绺鲊?guó)團(tuán)結(jié)起來(lái)去應(yīng)對(duì)……(6)And if we do not act ... 如果我們不采取行動(dòng)……(7)Now, I share the concerns that have been expressed ... 我也同意對(duì)于……表達(dá)的擔(dān)心(8)Let us show the world that by working together we can ... 讓我們告訴全世界,通過(guò)一起努力我們可以……(9)It is now time for us to ... 是時(shí)候我們……(10)And I have always wished that ... 我一直希望……(11)Thank you for letting me share this day with me.感謝你們和我共度這一天。實(shí)踐演練:假如你是高中生李華,你校將舉辦一次以“音樂(lè)”為主題的演講比賽,請(qǐng)你按照主題,寫下你的演講稿。注意:詞數(shù)100左右。First of all, thank you for listening to my speech. My topic is: love music like love yourself.Music is like the air we need to maintain our normal lives around us. You can't imagine how terrible a world without music would be. Movies and TV shows have no music, only dry conversations and scenes; mobile phones only vibrations; streets only noisy crowds; cafes, western restaurants only depressed meals. What a terrible world it is!As a student, I hope we all can enjoy the fun brought by music in our spare time. Instead of just listening to music, we can even make our own music. Let's enjoy the fun of music!Thanks again for your attention!

展示幻燈片17、19——21視頻18,了解與中國(guó)建交的17個(gè)國(guó)家的概況,說(shuō)明這是新中國(guó)成立后外交上取得的首次突破。 第一個(gè)和中國(guó)建交的非社會(huì)主義國(guó)家印度繼承了英帝國(guó)主義在中國(guó)的特權(quán),建國(guó)后中印雙方多次就西藏問(wèn)題進(jìn)行談判,正是在這一過(guò)程中周總理創(chuàng)造性地提出了和平共處五項(xiàng)原則。 成就2和平共處五項(xiàng)原則的提出 展示幻燈片22、23及視頻24 探究:和平共處五項(xiàng)原則形成的過(guò)程是怎樣的??jī)?nèi)容是什么?有何意義? 結(jié)論(一)三個(gè)提出過(guò)程,強(qiáng)調(diào)重點(diǎn)是首次提出 (二)內(nèi)容及其修訂 (三)意義:標(biāo)志著新中國(guó)外交的成熟;它為開(kāi)創(chuàng)中國(guó)外交新局面奠定了基礎(chǔ);在世界上也產(chǎn)生深遠(yuǎn)的影響,成為解決國(guó)與國(guó)之間問(wèn)題的基本準(zhǔn)則。 展示幻燈片25、26 問(wèn)題情境3:三、步入世界外交舞臺(tái)

提問(wèn):城市環(huán)境污染源主要有哪些?有些同學(xué)基本同意自行車多是加劇南京空氣污染的間接原因,你同意他們的觀點(diǎn)嗎?在學(xué)生回答的基礎(chǔ)上,教師進(jìn)行歸納小結(jié):工業(yè)和交通是城市環(huán)境的主要污染源。而自行車是一種綠色交通工具,既環(huán)保又經(jīng)濟(jì)。只有當(dāng)它在某些機(jī)動(dòng)車和非機(jī)動(dòng)車不分的地段,影響車輛行駛速度的時(shí)候,它才可能成為加劇空氣污染的間接原因。問(wèn):那我們針對(duì)交通工具對(duì)環(huán)境造成的影響,有什么解決方法嗎?歸納小結(jié):? 實(shí)施減少汽車尾氣污染的技術(shù)措施? 加強(qiáng)道路綠化? 合理規(guī)劃城市道路,提高車速? 制定相關(guān)法規(guī)嚴(yán)禁各種車輛違規(guī)鳴喇叭? 在噪音嚴(yán)重的地區(qū)設(shè)置先進(jìn)的隔音設(shè)施總結(jié):通過(guò)前面的分析我們知道了自行車過(guò)多并不是造成北京交通擁擠的主要原因,但自行車多并且不遵守交通規(guī)則的確是造成交通擁堵的一個(gè)原因。從這方面來(lái)講,在一些混合車道地段,自行車是造成空氣污染加劇的間接原因。那么在北京到底是應(yīng)該鼓勵(lì)自行車的發(fā)展還是限制自行車的發(fā)展呢?

1、知識(shí)與能力:(1)識(shí)記:20 世紀(jì) 50 ~70 年代國(guó)家干預(yù)經(jīng)濟(jì)的政策、 70年代的經(jīng)濟(jì)“滯脹”“混合經(jīng)濟(jì)”;福利國(guó)家;第三產(chǎn)業(yè)的蓬勃發(fā)展;“新經(jīng)濟(jì)”的出現(xiàn);(2)理解當(dāng)代資本主義的新變化的實(shí)質(zhì)是資本主義的自我揚(yáng)棄,是在資本主義內(nèi)部的自我改善,是資本主義生產(chǎn)關(guān)系的自我調(diào)整;(3)掌握以美國(guó)為代表的主要資本主義國(guó)家在戰(zhàn)后的經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展歷程,分析各國(guó)經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展的共同原因。2、過(guò)程與方法:(1)引導(dǎo)學(xué)生利用教材和相關(guān)史料,培養(yǎng)歸納、再現(xiàn)歷史事件的能力,提高學(xué)生的歷史思維能力;通過(guò)討論提高學(xué)生的思辨能力,培養(yǎng)學(xué)生全面客觀地分析問(wèn)題的思維方式。(2)學(xué)生通過(guò)觀察1977年發(fā)達(dá)國(guó)家國(guó)有經(jīng)濟(jì)比重表,懂得提取有效信息、分析數(shù)據(jù)的能力;(3)學(xué)生通過(guò)思考討論西方福利制度的利弊,培養(yǎng)全面、客觀分析和比較歷史現(xiàn)象,辯證地觀察和分析歷史問(wèn)題的能力。

從質(zhì)量、體積、平均密度、公轉(zhuǎn)與自轉(zhuǎn)周期等各方面,地球沒(méi)有一項(xiàng)是最大值或最小值,這說(shuō)明地球僅僅是太陽(yáng)系中一顆最普通不過(guò)的一顆行星。2、地球又是一顆特殊的行星。問(wèn)題 :為什么?因?yàn)榈厍蚴悄壳拔覀円阎奈ㄒ淮嬖谏?,特點(diǎn)是存在高級(jí)智慧生物的天體。問(wèn)題:為什么地球上會(huì)存在生命?原因:(1)地球所處的宇宙環(huán)境來(lái)說(shuō):地球處于一種相對(duì)安全的宇宙環(huán)境。例:A、九大行星公轉(zhuǎn)的同向性、同面 性、及公 轉(zhuǎn)軌道的近圓性。B 太陽(yáng)光照條件的穩(wěn)定性。從地球產(chǎn)生到地球上有生物,幾十億年期間,太陽(yáng) 沒(méi)有明顯的變化,地球所處的光照條件一直較穩(wěn)定,生命演化沒(méi)有中斷。(2)地球自身的物質(zhì)條件:例:A 日地距離適中,形成了適宜的溫度:日地距離適中,地球表面平均溫度15度,適合生物的生存。(擴(kuò)展:地球自轉(zhuǎn)速度適中,大氣層的保溫效應(yīng))B 地球質(zhì)量與體積適中,使地球有了適合的大氣條件。C 原始海洋的形成 :使 生命的出現(xiàn)成為可能。

二、整體感知1.導(dǎo)入新課同學(xué)們《細(xì)胞生命的禮贊》是一個(gè)醫(yī)學(xué)家、生物學(xué)家關(guān)于生命、人生、社會(huì)乃至宇宙的思考。思想博大而深邃,信息龐雜而新奇,批評(píng)文明,嘲弄愚見(jiàn),開(kāi)闊眼界、激發(fā)思索。而其文筆又少見(jiàn)的優(yōu)美、清新、幽默、含蓄,無(wú)愧當(dāng)今科學(xué)散文中的大家手筆。無(wú)怪乎自1974年出版后,立即引起美國(guó)讀書(shū)界和評(píng)論界的巨大反響和熱烈歡呼,獲得當(dāng)年美國(guó)國(guó)家圖書(shū)獎(jiǎng),此后18年來(lái)由好幾家出版社印了二十多版,至今暢行不衰!年過(guò)花甲的劉易斯·托馬斯的名字因這一本小書(shū)而家喻戶曉,有口皆碑,以至于在他接連拋出后兩本書(shū)時(shí),書(shū)商都不用再作廣告,只喊聲"《細(xì)胞生命的禮贊》一書(shū)作者劉易斯·托馬斯的新著"就夠了。今天我們就來(lái)學(xué)習(xí)選自這部書(shū)的精彩章節(jié)《作為生物的社會(huì)》(板書(shū)課題)。
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