
設計意圖:使同學從各屆奧運會會徽的設計上看各國文化,讓學生體會不同會徽體現(xiàn)的不同的民族文化,了解不同民族的文化特色,感悟文化多樣性的價值,使學生產(chǎn)生情感認同,從而突破難點。探究活動5:教師多媒體呈現(xiàn)中法文化年的flash,顯示中國到法國舉辦中國文化年的圖片,比如:在法國街頭出現(xiàn)了中國的京劇臉譜,中國孩子玩的風車,中國的大熊貓。出示法國到中國舉辦文化年的圖片,比如:法國在北京舉辦的音樂會,法國空軍的飛行表演等。學生討論:中法文化年的舉辦對中法兩國來說有什么現(xiàn)實意義?探究活動6:播放理查德.克萊德曼演奏的《梁山伯與祝英臺》的視頻討論:(1)此曲吸引你之處在哪里?(2)由此可見,對待文化差異的正確態(tài)度是什么?活動5和活動6的設計意圖在于讓學生懂得,面對開放的世界,既要尊重本民族的文化,同時也要尊重其他民族的文化,從而突破難點。

二、巨大的作用,深刻地意義材料展示:魯迅在《狂人日記》中猛烈抨擊“吃人”的封建禮教,力圖通過自己的吶喊喚醒民眾。高爾基早期的作品多描繪俄國沙皇制度下人民的痛苦和他們對美好生活的憧憬。20世紀初,俄國革命形勢的發(fā)展使他講文學的筆鋒轉向革命,創(chuàng)作了《母親》等作品。合作探究:魯迅和高爾基的作品在當時的中國和俄國分別起到了什么作用?列舉喜愛的一些文學和藝術作品,說說創(chuàng)作者的意圖是什么?引導學生自主閱讀,培養(yǎng)自主學習能力,掌握分析歸納法和團結協(xié)作精神。學生回答之后師生共同總結:文化創(chuàng)新來源于社會實踐,同也會對于社會實踐產(chǎn)生新的影響,促進社會實踐的變化,同時也繁榮了民族文化。所以文化創(chuàng)新的巨大作用一方面表現(xiàn)為推動社會實踐的發(fā)展,另一方面表現(xiàn)為不斷促進民族文化的繁榮。既然文化創(chuàng)新具有如此巨大的作用,那么作為新時代祖國的建設者為了繁榮民族文化,又該作些什么呢?進入本課第三目和教學的第三個環(huán)節(jié)。[情景回歸參與生活]

1、 說教材的地位和作用《世界文化的多樣性》是人教版必修教材《文化生活》第二單元第一課的第一個框題。多樣性是當代世界文化的重要特征,也是文化交流和傳播的前提。因此,本框知識具有承前啟后的作用,在本單元中,它是一個引子,開啟了本單元知識的學習之門。2、 說教學的重、難點根據(jù)課程標準以及高二學生的知識結構和思維特點,我確定了教學重點和難點。教學重點:民族文化的多樣性。確定重點的依據(jù):豐富的世界文化表現(xiàn)在文字、建筑、服飾、飲食、宗教信仰、思想理論、文學藝術、風俗習慣等眾多方面。世界有許多輝煌的文化成就和著稱于世的文化遺產(chǎn)??梢哉f,世界文化的多樣性主要表現(xiàn)在民族文化的多樣性。在教材內容中有許多關于文化的論述和概念。其中“民族文化的多樣性”起著關鍵性的作用。難點:尊重文化多樣性必然性。

3、馬克思主義的三大思想來源之一——空想社會主義理論,教師可以采用多媒體技術、投放幻燈片、人物圖片等資料進行處理。這樣既能增強課堂的趣味性,激發(fā)學生的興趣,也容易讓學生理解什么是“空想社會主義”。可以分別投放圣西門的實業(yè)制度、傅立葉的“法朗吉”和歐文的“新和諧公社”等資料加深學生的理解。為了充分發(fā)揮學生的學習主體性地位,還可以利用教材中“學習思考”的問題設計:為什么說圣西門等思想家提出的設想是空想的?讓學生在教師提供的材料中探究答案。至于馬克思主義的另兩大思想來源:德意志古典哲學、英國古典政治經(jīng)濟學可以簡單處理。而馬克思、恩格斯為無產(chǎn)階級革命事業(yè)奮斗的事跡以及馬恩兩人的友誼是可以稍加擴長的部分,教師可事先布置學生任務,讓學生通過網(wǎng)絡或者書籍去查找相關知識,也或者由教師在課堂上補充相關資料,調節(jié)課堂氣氛。

四、說教法應該充分利用歷史學科蘊含豐富圖片、史料資料的特點,采用多媒體教學手段,創(chuàng)設含有真實事件或真實問題的情境,讓學生在探究事件或解決問題的過程中,自主地理解知識,使教學過程成為一個動態(tài)的、有機的整體。使學習過程成為“感知-理解-運用”的過程,更是掌握方法、積累經(jīng)驗、發(fā)展能力、生成情感的過程。五、說教學過程1.新課導入帶領同學們回顧一下第2、3課學習的內容,因為講的是專制主義中央集權的建立,講的是專制主義中央集權的發(fā)展,對這兩節(jié)課內容的復習將專制主義中央集權的發(fā)發(fā)展脈絡完整的呈現(xiàn)在學生面前。接下來就通過對胡惟庸案的講解導入本節(jié)課的內容。2.問題探究,突破重點、難點導入新課后,通過多媒體課件給學生們展示一段朱元璋大肆殺戮功臣的資料,提示學生大肆殺戮功臣是朱元璋加強中央集權的措施之一,接著引導學生看課本提問他們朱元璋為了加強中央集權還采取了哪些措施,從而得出明代加強中央集權的措施。

(一)本課教材地位分析本課教材的主題是世界格局多極化趨勢的出現(xiàn),在整個單元中有承前啟后的作用,前一課是它的大背景,后一課是它的延續(xù)。本課的核心問題是兩極格局下,20世紀六七十年代世界多極化趨勢的出現(xiàn)。通過走向聯(lián)合的歐洲、迅速崛起的日本、發(fā)展中國家的星期以及中國的崛起三方面內容,反映了世界格局多極化趨勢的出現(xiàn)。在教學中,應注意利用學生對時事的關心與熟悉,引導學生進行相應的探究活動,使學生對世界格局的發(fā)展變化能夠認識準確和完整把握。(二)三維目標A.知識與能力1.通過對歐洲一體化的進程、日本經(jīng)濟迅速崛起、不結盟運動和中國振興的基本史實的學習,掌握20世紀六七十年代世界多極化趨勢出現(xiàn)的史實,理解其世界大背景和“多極化”的概念。2.通過西歐、日本、中國的崛起,理解經(jīng)濟決定政治,政治反作用于經(jīng)濟。

二、君主專制的演進(即中央政治制度的演變)通過地方政治制度演變的學習,掌握方法以后,以學生歸納整理基本線索為主,教師適當點撥,注意糾錯。1. 漢承秦制,又有所變化。教師點撥強調繼承與發(fā)展兩個方面。創(chuàng)設情景:同學們看了電視連續(xù)劇《漢武大帝》后,知道漢武帝劉徹在繼位之后,就急于對西漢王朝的政治制度進行改革。那么,西漢初期中央政治制度的基本框架是怎樣的呢?漢武帝為什么要對它進行改革呢?改革后的西漢中央集權制度又是怎樣的呢?請大家議一議,想一想。主干知識:西漢初期的中央政治制度的最大特點是“漢承秦制”。具體表現(xiàn)在兩個方面:一是繼續(xù)實行皇帝制度,維護皇權,這一做法也為后來各王朝所沿用;二是在中央設立三公,分別掌管行政、監(jiān)察和軍事。到漢武帝時,“中朝”成為西漢重要的中央決策機構,尚書令的權力日益重要,以丞相為首的三公九卿的權力被削弱,演化為執(zhí)行機構。到了東漢光武帝時,進一步剝奪三公權限,擴大尚書的權力。

蘇聯(lián)文學的沿革,既反映了蘇聯(lián)社會的偉大思想性變革,又反映了蘇聯(lián)文壇活躍與混亂并存的局面,特別是其所具有強烈的意識形態(tài)色彩是蘇聯(lián)社會深層次變化的風向標。(2)20世紀的亞、非、拉美文學20世紀亞、非、拉美文學的繁榮伴隨著民族民主運動的高漲,其主流都體現(xiàn)了反對殖民壓迫、反對社會不公的愛國主義精神。出現(xiàn)了許多頗有影響的作家和作品。泰戈爾是印度近現(xiàn)代文學的光輝代表,為印度現(xiàn)代民族主義奠定了基礎。其代表作《戈拉》塑造了愛國的印度民族主義知識分子形象。泰戈爾是首位獲諾貝爾文學獎的東方作家。魯迅是中國文學革命的巨匠,他的《吶喊》集,昭示著中國新文學時代的到來。哥倫比亞作家馬爾克斯的《百年孤獨》,描繪加勒比海沿岸小城百年孤獨的原因及打破這種狀態(tài)的途徑。

畫中的諸多圖像反映了畫家對于傳統(tǒng)繪畫因素的吸收。那個懷抱死去孩子的母親圖像,似乎是源自哀悼基督的圣母像傳統(tǒng);手持油燈的女人,使人聯(lián)想起自由女神像的造型;那個高舉雙手仰天驚呼的形象,與戈雅畫中愛國者就義的身姿不無相似之處;而那個張臂倒地的士兵形象,則似乎與意大利文藝復興早期某些戰(zhàn)爭畫中的形象,有著姻親關系。由此可以看出,畢加索不僅是一位富于叛逆精神的大膽創(chuàng)新者,同時也是一位尊崇和精通傳統(tǒng)的藝術家。教師須強調:現(xiàn)代主義美術是現(xiàn)代美術流派的總稱,現(xiàn)代美術流派眾多,多姿多彩,但它們也表現(xiàn)出許多共同的特征。在技法上,它們大都反對傳統(tǒng)的寫實主義,追求新奇,空間結構錯亂,色彩配置隨意,點線紊亂,缺乏透視可謂它們共有的特點。在創(chuàng)作主旨上,它們都主張強調自我,表現(xiàn)個人情感和內心世界??梢哉f,現(xiàn)代美術藝術再現(xiàn)了20世紀西方世界的精神狀況。

教學目標:1、知識與能力:(1)識記:理性、啟蒙運動;伏爾泰、孟德斯鳩、盧梭等偉大的啟蒙思想家及其主張;康德及啟蒙運動的影響;(2)理解啟蒙運動興起的背景,分析啟蒙思想的巨大影響;(3)認識上層建筑對社會發(fā)展的巨大反作用。2、過程與方法:(1)指導學生用表格法掌握啟蒙運動主要代表人物及其思想主張;(2)運用比較法加深對啟蒙思想家觀點共性和個性的認識。(3)運用比較法對比文藝復興和啟蒙運動的異同,說明啟蒙運動對人文主義思想的發(fā)展。3、情感態(tài)度與價值觀:(1)通過本課的學習,讓學生認識到“一定的文化是一定社會的政治和經(jīng)濟在觀念上和形態(tài)上的反映”;(2)學習啟蒙思想家追求真理的精神,培養(yǎng)學生遠大的理想與抱負;(3)通過法國啟蒙思想產(chǎn)生的巨大影響的分析,使學生認識意識形態(tài)對社會發(fā)展所起的重大作用,從而提高學習理論的自覺性。

二、程朱理學:1、宋代“理學”的產(chǎn)生:(1)含義:所謂“理學”,就是用“理學”一詞來指明當時兩宋時期所呈現(xiàn)出來的儒學。廣義的理學,泛指以討論天道問題為中心的整個哲學思潮,包括各種不同的學派;狹義的理學,專指程顥、程頤、朱熹為代表的,以“理”為最高范疇的學說,稱為“程朱理學”。理學是北宋政治、社會、經(jīng)濟發(fā)展的理論表現(xiàn),是中國古代哲學長期發(fā)展的結果,是批判佛、道學說的產(chǎn)物。他們把“理”或“天理”視作哲學的最高范疇,認為理無所不在,不生不滅,不僅是世界的本原,也是社會生活的最高準則。在窮理方法上,程顥“主靜”,強調“正心誠意”;程頤“主敬”,強調“格物致知”。在人性論上,二程主張“去人欲,存天理”,并深入闡釋這一觀點使之更加系統(tǒng)化。二程學說的出現(xiàn),標志著宋代“理學”思想體系的正式形成。【合作探究】宋代“理學”興起的社會條件:

From the pictures in the text and the title--- choose the best app, we can know that this part is about how to save money by using apps.Step 2 While-listening1. Laura and Xiao Bo are talking about apps. Listen to their conversation and find out what apps they want.Xiao Bo is looking for a(n) exercise app to help him get in shape.Laura would like an app for getting rich and another that will make her grades better.2. Listen again. Are the sentences true T or false F?1). Both of Xiao Bo's apps keep track of the steps he takes._____2). Xiao Bo's second app can help him make a fitness plan._____3). Laura needs an app that will help her get discounts.______4). Laura needs an app that will add money to her bank account._______F T F T3. Listen once more and tick the sentence you hear. Underline the words used to express predictions, guesses, and beliefs.Predictions, Guesses, and Beliefs________It might help me walk more.________My guess is that it wouldn't work.________I imagine this app would help me get fit faster________I suppose that would be good.________I guess you could save a little with this app.________I suppose there would be some problems, too.________I believe this app could help me get thinner.

Q5:What's Jan's next goal?Her next goal is to start a charity website to raise money for children in poor countries.Q6:What can we learn from her experiences?We learn that when we go through tough times, we can find help and support from other people online. We learn that we can feel less lonelyStep 5: While reading---rethinkingQ1: What is Jan’s attitude to the Internet ?Thankful/Grateful, because it has changed her and her life.Q2: What writing skills is used in the article ?Examples(Jan’s example, the 59-year-old man’s and the 61-year-old woman’s example)Q3: Can you get the main idea of the article ?The Internet has changed Jan’s life/Jan’s life has been changed by the Internet.Step 6 Post reading---Retell the storyMuch has been written about the wonders of the World Wide Web. There are countless articles (1)telling(tell) us how the Internet has made our lives more convenient. But the Internet has done a lot (2)more(much) for people than simply make life more convenient. People’s lives (3) have been changed(change) by online communities and social networks so far. Take Jan for example, who developed a serious illness that made her (4)stuck(stick) at home with only her computer to keep (5)her(she) company. She joined an online group (6)where she could share problems, support and advice with others. She considered the ability to remove the distance between people as one of the greatest (7)benefits(benefit). She was so inspired (8)that she started an IT club in which many people have been helped. She has started to learn more about how to use the Internet to make society better. Her next goal is to start a charity website to raise money (9)for children in poor countries. Jan’s life has been (10)greatly(great) improved by the Internet.

This teaching period mainly deals with grammar “The Present Perfect Passive Voice.” To begin with, teachers should lead students to revise what they have learned about the Present Perfect Passive Voice. And then, teachers move on to stress more special cases concerning this grammar。This period carries considerable significance to the cultivation of students’ writing competence and lays a solid foundation for the basic appreciation of language beauty. The teacher is expected to enable students to master this period thoroughly and consolidate the knowledge by doing some exercises. 1. Guide students to review the basic usages of the Present Perfect Passive Voice2. Lead students to learn to use some special cases concerning the Present Perfect Passive Voice flexibly.2. Enable students to use the basic phrases structures flexibly.3. Strengthen students’ great interest in grammar learning.1. Help students to appreciate the function of the Present Perfect Passive Voice in a sentence2. Instruct students to write essays using the proper the Present Perfect Passive Voice.觀察下列句子特點,總結共同點。1.(教材P28)Much has been written about the wonders of the World Wide Web.2.(教材P28)But the Internet has done much more for people than simply make life more convenient.3.(教材P28)Many people have been helped by the club.4.(教材P28)She no longer feels lonely, and her company has become quite successful.5.(教材P32)Today I thought I’d blog about a question that has been asked many times—how do you stay safe online and avoid bad experiences on the Internet?

This unit is about the Internet, which has a great influence to our humans and our lives. During the Listening & Speaking & Talking and Reading and Thinking section, the influence in examples has been shown. Thus, use the Present Perfect Tense is appropriate. However, in order to show the justice or weaken the doer of the behavior/action, it’s better to use the Present Perfect Passive Voice than the Present Perfect Tense. Besides, having learned to use the Present Perfect Passive Voice, students can beautify their language in their writing. 1. Learn the structure of the Present Perfect Passive Voice and its functions. 2. Learn to change the sentences with the Present Perfect Passive Voice into the sentences with the Present Perfect Passive Voice. 3. Learn to write sentences with the Present Perfect Passive Voice flexibly according to the context. 1. Learn the structure of the Present Perfect Passive Voice and its functions. 2. Learn to change the sentences with the Present Perfect Passive Voice into the sentences with the Present Perfect Passive Voice. 3. Learn to write sentences with the Present Perfect Passive Voice flexibly according to the context. Step 1 Observe the following sentences, then change the sentences into passive voice.He has been selected to take part in the sports meeting.(肯定句)他已被挑選出來參加運動會。The ink has not been removed from his overcoat.(否定句)墨跡還沒有從他外套上去掉。

Listening and Speaking introduces the topic of “ask about online habits”. Many middle school students have been surfing the Internet for many years, but what they do with the Internet and how much time they spend every day may not be very clear to themselves, nor to other students. This section allows students to investigate their peers' Internet use, which is conducive to their mutual understanding and understanding of the Internet. It can also help them reflect on their own online behavior, learn from other people's good online habits, and get rid of their bad online behavior.The listening text of this section is an investigation interview. The investigators interview specific groups with the same questions to obtain information, so as to understand their views, practices or attitudes on this issue. There are two specific questions: “how much time do you spend online every day? What do you usually do online?”. The answers of the three respondents provide rich and different information, and achieve the purpose of the investigators. The oral discourse structure of survey interviews generally includes greeting and explaining the purpose of the interview, presenting the interview questions and the respondents' answers. Listening and Talking introduces the theme of “choosing the right application ". Listening text is a conversation between Laura and Xiao Bo. In this part of listening, “oink”; “piggy bank” may cause the students' hearing comprehension limitation. Oink refers to sound word and pig's sound. So, add some oink to my piggy bank is often used to describe "making a little money".1. Guide students to understand the content of listening texts in terms of listening for definitions.2. Cultivate students' ability to define words and understand an investigation interview.

Paragraph 3. Jan decided to start an IT club to teach old people how to use computers and the Internet. Paragraph 4. Jan has started taking online classes to learn more about how to use the Internet to make society better. Paragraph 5. Jan’s life has been greatly improved by the Internet. Step 5: Critical thinking:(1)How do you arrange your time spent on study and the Internet? Is it reasonable? I usually surf the Internet using my mobile phone for only an hour after class, and it is reasonable for me.(2)What are your online activities? Are they safe? I chat with my friends, read news and play games. I never give away my private information so I think they are safe.Step 4: summary Much has been written about the wonders of the World Wide Web. There are countless articles (1)______(tell) us how the Internet has made our lives more convenient. But the Internet has done a lot (2)_____(much) for people than simply make life more convenient. People’s lives (3) _________________(change) by online communities and social networks so far. Take Jan for example, who developed a serious illness that made her (4)_____(stick) at home with only her computer to keep (5)___(she) company. She joined an online group (6)______ she could share problems, support and advice with others. She considered the ability to remove the distance between people as one of the greatest (7)_______(benefit). She was so inspired (8)____ she started an IT club in which many people have been helped. She has started to learn more about how to use the Internet to make society better. Her next goal is to start a charity website to raise money (9)___ children in poor countries. Jan’s life has been (10)______(great) improved by the Internet. Step 5 Homework:Review what we have learned and find out the key language points in the text.

8. However, the more polite you are, the less likely it is you will be attacked. 然而, 你越有禮貌, 你被攻擊的可能性就越小。 Step 8 Writing---the articleHow to stay safe in the online chat roomToday I thought I’d blog about a question that has been asked many times--- how do you stay safe online and avoid bad experiences in the online chat room ? I’m not an expert, but many years as a blogger have taught me a thing or two.First of all, there’s the golden rule of the Internet: keep out of what makes you uneasy. Don’t post comments or click on anything. Second, protect your privacy. Don’t give out too much private information like your address, phone numbers, the ID numbers, etc. Third, be polite. If you are polite to others on the Internet, you won’t be attacked in normal situation. Finally, don’t believe in others easily and never meet someone you met online alone. It is very dangerous.Have you had any bad experiences online, or do you have some good advice for staying safe? Post your comments below!Step 9 Pair workExchange drafts with a partner. Use this checklist to help your partner revise his/her draft.1. Does the writer tell the reader what he/she know about the topic ?2. Are the tips and suggestions well organised ?3. Has the writer defined the new words ?4. Does the author include examples, comparison, or explanations ?5. Does the writer end by asking readers to leave comments and/or suggestions ?6. Can you find any grammar or spelling mistakes.Step 6 HomeworkPut up your revised draft in the classroom or read it to your class.

⑦identity theft 身份盜竊⑧chat room 聊天室⑨draft your blog post 起草博客帖子⑩post embarrassing photos 張貼尷尬照片 【話題句式】 1. How do you stay safe online and avoid bad experiences on the Internet? 你如何在網(wǎng)上保持安全, 避免在網(wǎng)上的不良經(jīng)歷? 2. I’m not an expert, but many years as a blogger have taught me a thing or two. 我不是專家, 但作為一個博主, 我已經(jīng)學了好幾年了。 3. If you see or read something that makes you feel uncomfortable, leave the site immediately. 如果你看到或讀到一些讓你覺得不舒服的東西, 立即離開這個網(wǎng)站。4. Don’t give out your address or phone number. 別告訴別人你的地址或電話號碼。 5. Identity theft is a common and serious problem. 身份盜竊是一個常見而嚴重的問題。6. Being online is no excuse for being rude, and you don’t want to become a target for a troll or cyberbully. 上網(wǎng)并不是無禮的借口, 你也不想成為發(fā)挑釁帖子的人或網(wǎng)絡惡霸的目標。 7. Trolls often use several false names so that they can stay on a site. 發(fā)挑釁帖子的人經(jīng)常使用幾個假名, 這樣他們就可以留在一個網(wǎng)站上。8. However, the more polite you are, the less likely it is you will be attacked. 然而, 你越有禮貌, 你被攻擊的可能性就越小。

Activity 41. Students complete the task of activity 4, then teachers and students check the answers. 2. The teacher organized the students to work together and asked them to use the tables and mind maps sorted out before to retold the important choices in Lin Qiaozhi's life and their resultsStep 5 Language points1. The teacher asks the students to read the text carefully, find out the core words and long and difficult sentences in the text and draw lines, understand the use of vocabulary, and analyze the structure of long and difficult sentences. 2. The teacher explains and summarizes the usage of core vocabulary and asks the students to take notes. 3. The teacher analyzes and explains the long and difficult sentences that the students don't understand, so that the students can understand them better. Step 6 Homework1. Read the text again, in-depth understanding of the text; 2. Master the use of core vocabulary and understand the long and difficult sentences. 3. Complete relevant exercises in the guide plan. 1、通過本節(jié)內容學習,學生是否理解和掌握閱讀文本中的新詞匯的意義與用法;2、通過本節(jié)內容學習,學生能否結合文本特點總結林巧稚的人生原則和人格品質特征;3、通過本節(jié)內容學習,學生能否針對人生抉擇發(fā)表自己的看法;能否全面地、客觀地、理性地看待問題,進而對道德和人性有更加深入的思考和理解。
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