
8. However, the more polite you are, the less likely it is you will be attacked. 然而, 你越有禮貌, 你被攻擊的可能性就越小。 Step 8 Writing---the articleHow to stay safe in the online chat roomToday I thought I’d blog about a question that has been asked many times--- how do you stay safe online and avoid bad experiences in the online chat room ? I’m not an expert, but many years as a blogger have taught me a thing or two.First of all, there’s the golden rule of the Internet: keep out of what makes you uneasy. Don’t post comments or click on anything. Second, protect your privacy. Don’t give out too much private information like your address, phone numbers, the ID numbers, etc. Third, be polite. If you are polite to others on the Internet, you won’t be attacked in normal situation. Finally, don’t believe in others easily and never meet someone you met online alone. It is very dangerous.Have you had any bad experiences online, or do you have some good advice for staying safe? Post your comments below!Step 9 Pair workExchange drafts with a partner. Use this checklist to help your partner revise his/her draft.1. Does the writer tell the reader what he/she know about the topic ?2. Are the tips and suggestions well organised ?3. Has the writer defined the new words ?4. Does the author include examples, comparison, or explanations ?5. Does the writer end by asking readers to leave comments and/or suggestions ?6. Can you find any grammar or spelling mistakes.Step 6 HomeworkPut up your revised draft in the classroom or read it to your class.

This teaching period mainly deals with grammar: The past participle is used as attributive and objective complement.1. Guide students to review the basic usages of the past participle used as attributive and objective complement.2. Lead students to learn to use some special cases concerning the past participle used as attributive and objective complement flexibly.3. Strengthen students’ great interest in grammar learning.1. Help students to appreciate the function of the past participle used as attributive and objective complement.2. Instruct students to write essays using the past participle used as attributive and objective complement.Step1:溫故而知新。Analyze the underlined phrases and then sum up the common usages of the past participles.1.(教材P41)They had castles built(build) all around England, and made changes to the legal system.2.(教材P42)They use the same flag, known(know) as the Union Jack,...3.(教材P42)Judy and I had our car parked(park) in an underground car park near Trafalgar Square, where we could get our car battery charged(charge).Common points: f the past participle used as attributive and objective complement.Step 2:過去分詞作定語時的意義1.及物動詞的過去分詞作定語,在語態(tài)上表示被動;在時間上,常表示動作已經發(fā)生或完成,有時也不表示時間性。Our teacher watched us doing the experiment and gave us a satisfied smile at last.我們的老師看著我們做實驗,最后給了我們一個滿意的微笑。The plan put forward at the meeting will be carried out soon.會上提出的計劃將很快被執(zhí)行。2.不及物動詞的過去分詞作定語,它不表示被動意義,只強調動作完成。Many little kids like gathering fallen leaves in the yard.

Features of languages1.Finally, in the 20th century, the southern part of Ireland broke away from the UK, which resulted in the full name we have today: the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland.該句是一個復合句。該句主句為:the southern part of Ireland broke away from the UK;which resulted in the full name we have today為which引導的定語從句代指前面整句話的內容,we have today為定語從句修飾先行詞name。譯文:最后,在20世紀,愛爾蘭南部脫離英國,這導致了我們今天有的英國的全名:大不列顛及北愛爾蘭聯(lián)合王國。2.Almost everywhere you go in the UK, you will be surrounded by evidence of four different groups of people who took over at different times throughout history.該句是一個復合句。該句主句為:you will be surrounded by evidence of four different groups of people;其中Almost everywhere you go in the UK為讓步狀語從句; who took over at different times throughout history為定語從句修飾先行詞people。譯文:幾乎無論你走到英國的任何地方,你都會發(fā)現(xiàn)歷史上有四種不同的人在不同的時期統(tǒng)治過英國。3.The capital city London is a great place to start, as it is an ancient port city that has a history dating all the way back to Roman times.該句是一個復合句。該句主句為:The capital city London is a great place to start; as it is an ancient port city that has a history dating all the way back to Roman times.為原因狀語從句;dating all the way back to Roman times為現(xiàn)在分詞短語作定語修飾history。

Step 1 Lead inThere are many interest of places in the UK. What do you know ?The Big Ben the London Tower the Thames RiverStep 2 Before reading---analyze the titleBeautiful Ireland and its traditionWe know that the article mainly tells about the beauty and traditions of Ireland. Step 3 While reading---Task 1Read the text and answer the following questions.Q1: What makes the Irish countryside exciting and inspiring?Its beauty and how it offers something for all the scenes.Q2: What are the best ways to experience some Irish traditions and cultures?By stopping by a village pub and relaxing with a drink and traditional meal while listening to music and watching dancingQ3: What is the meaning of “breathe in the sweet scent of fresh flowers while birds greet the new day with their morning song ?”It means to not just smell but also breathe in the smell of fresh flowers early in the morning as the birds sing their first song of the new day.Q4: What are the best ways to experience Chinese traditions and customs ?By travelling to different places and using all your senses to experience everything and by interacting with local people.Step 4 While reading---Task 2Analyze the descriptive paragraph1. Identify and underline the paragraph’s introductory sentence and the ending sentence.Introductory sentence: Ireland’s beautiful countryside has always had a great influence on its people and traditions.Ending sentence: And if you introduce yourself to a friendly face, you are more than likely to experience local culture and customs first-hand.2. The paragraph talks about different senses in different places. Write the senses and places in the order that they appear.

4. When he got absorbed in his world of music, he felt as if he could “see” the beauty of the world around him, like he had in his previous life.P·P as adverbial: _________________________________________________________________.Function: _______________________________________________________________________.Step 5 Solid Complete the passage with the words in brackets in their correct forms.Well known as a successful band, the Impact members show quite a few striking qualities. They never ever give up. When _____________(question) by the media, they are not _____________(discourage) and practise even harder. They are improving themselves by attending several master training class. They are united. _____________(fill with) team spirit, they act as a whole, always aiming for glory. Step 6 Difference and similarity from -ingObserve the following examples.1. He went out, shutting the door behind him.=He went out, ________________________________________________________.2. Not knowing what to do, he went to his parents for help.=__________________________________________, he went to his parents for help.Similarity: _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________.Difference : _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________.Step Practice1. ________ in a hurry, this article was not so good. 因為寫得匆忙, 這篇文章不是很好。2. ________ carefully, he found something he hadn’t known before. 他仔細讀書時, 發(fā)現(xiàn)了一些從前不知道的東西。3. ________ why he did it, the monitor said it was his duty. 當被問及他為什么要這么做時, 班長說這是他的職責

choir memberspeople to run food stands people to sell festival ticketspeople to sell music CDspeople to set up equipmentmusical performersStep 2: Listen to the announcement again and answer the questions. ? 1. What kind of songs will Grace Davis sing at the festival?? 2. Who can try out as a performer?? 3. What can those who think they do not have musical talent do?? 4. How can students volunteer to take part?? Talking about preferences:? Would you prefer doing ..?? What would you prefer to do?? Would you rather do .... or ….?? What would you rather do?? I'd prefer .... to ..? I'd rather have ... than .. Step 3: Speaking ProjectWork in groups. Role-play the conversation or make a new one.? Debbie: Where have you been? You missed the announcement about the music festival.? John: I was at the doctor's office. Music festival?? Frank: Yes, it's going to be next month on the school sports field. John, you can play the piano. How about playing it at the festival?? John: Well, I'd rather play the violin. I can play Liang Zhu.? Frank: Wow! Sounds good. What about you, Debbie? ? Debbie: Actually, I don't have much musical ability. I'd prefer just to help out with the crowds.? Frank: You can sell tickets or work at a food stand.? John: So can I assume that the aim of the festival is to raise money?? Debbie: Yes. All of the money will go to charity.

This lesson is about music. Students can classify the types of music through the instruments and its sound and can talk about their preferences about music, even join some activities and play a role in them according to their musical talents. On the basis, they are guided to use the languages to express their preferences and some plosive sounds and their rules.1. Classify the music types through the instruments and its sound.2. Listen and understand what the speakers’ preferences are and the reasons; talk about their own preferences and give their own reasons, using these sentences: “What kind of music do you like? And why? “ “Because it makes/gives me energy/peaceful.../touches my heart...”.3. Learn some plosives and the rules.4. Join some activities and play a role in them according to the talents. 1. Listen and understand what the speakers’ preferences are and the reasons;2. talk about their own preferences and give their own reasons, using these sentences: “What kind of music do you like? And why? “ “Because it makes/gives me energy/peaceful.../touches my heart...”.3. Learn some plosives and incomplete plosives and its rules.Step 1 Lead inPoint at the pictures on P50 and ask Q1: What are the people doing in the pictures below?Q2: What kind of music they are?Then play the MP3s one by oneStep 2 ListeningTask 1: A reporter from the school newspaper is interviewing students about music. Listen to the interviews. Draw lines between the words to make complete sentences. Some words will not be used.

The Internet celebrity Gao Yifeng. Years ago, he owned 5 companies and the staffs over 1,000, but during the economy crisis, he became nothing but debt. He was so worried that his hair became white overnight. There was a time when he wanted to killed himself. But after listening to the song Start Over by Liu Huan, he decided to cheer himself up. He started a steamed bun shop and gradually became a national chain shops. Now he became successful again.Walter Haddon said, “Music is the medicine of a troubled mind.” Music contains such a pleasant and inspiring force. Music gave him courage and bravery. When he listened to the song, it made his spirit fly like a kite in the wind. Music gave him strength and brought him relief. It was the rock I leant on to become strong and to get through those hard times. I hope none of us have to go through the same kind of suffering that he did. At the same time, we all go through various periods when we feel sad or alone. During those times, music can help us in the same way that it helped him. I hope we all will somehow begin to treasure music and make it a part of our life. Thank you for your listening !5.Revise your writing each other.Does he/she explain how music has changed his/her/someone else’s life?Are some of the rhetorical devices included and used properly ?Does he/she talk about how music makes him/her/someone feel?Is the first word in each sentences capitalised?Does he/she use correct punctuation ?

(4)Now we have heard a number of outstanding speeches ... 我們已經聆聽了許多精彩的發(fā)言……(5)Because we wanted the nations of the world, working together, to deal with ... 因為我們希望全世界各國團結起來去應對……(6)And if we do not act ... 如果我們不采取行動……(7)Now, I share the concerns that have been expressed ... 我也同意對于……表達的擔心(8)Let us show the world that by working together we can ... 讓我們告訴全世界,通過一起努力我們可以……(9)It is now time for us to ... 是時候我們……(10)And I have always wished that ... 我一直希望……(11)Thank you for letting me share this day with me.感謝你們和我共度這一天。實踐演練:假如你是高中生李華,你校將舉辦一次以“音樂”為主題的演講比賽,請你按照主題,寫下你的演講稿。注意:詞數(shù)100左右。First of all, thank you for listening to my speech. My topic is: love music like love yourself.Music is like the air we need to maintain our normal lives around us. You can't imagine how terrible a world without music would be. Movies and TV shows have no music, only dry conversations and scenes; mobile phones only vibrations; streets only noisy crowds; cafes, western restaurants only depressed meals. What a terrible world it is!As a student, I hope we all can enjoy the fun brought by music in our spare time. Instead of just listening to music, we can even make our own music. Let's enjoy the fun of music!Thanks again for your attention!

Activity 41. Students complete the task of activity 4, then teachers and students check the answers. 2. The teacher organized the students to work together and asked them to use the tables and mind maps sorted out before to retold the important choices in Lin Qiaozhi's life and their resultsStep 5 Language points1. The teacher asks the students to read the text carefully, find out the core words and long and difficult sentences in the text and draw lines, understand the use of vocabulary, and analyze the structure of long and difficult sentences. 2. The teacher explains and summarizes the usage of core vocabulary and asks the students to take notes. 3. The teacher analyzes and explains the long and difficult sentences that the students don't understand, so that the students can understand them better. Step 6 Homework1. Read the text again, in-depth understanding of the text; 2. Master the use of core vocabulary and understand the long and difficult sentences. 3. Complete relevant exercises in the guide plan. 1、通過本節(jié)內容學習,學生是否理解和掌握閱讀文本中的新詞匯的意義與用法;2、通過本節(jié)內容學習,學生能否結合文本特點總結林巧稚的人生原則和人格品質特征;3、通過本節(jié)內容學習,學生能否針對人生抉擇發(fā)表自己的看法;能否全面地、客觀地、理性地看待問題,進而對道德和人性有更加深入的思考和理解。

(2) students are divided into groups according to the requirements of activity 3. Each student shares a story of personal experience or hearing-witnessing kindness, and then selects the most touching story in the group and shares it with the whole class. Before the students share the story, the teacher can instruct them to use the words and sentence patterns in the box to express. For example, the words in the box can be classified:Time order: first of all, then, after that, later, finally logical relationship :so, however, although, butTeachers can also appropriately add some transitional language to enrich students' expression:Afterwards, afterwards, at last, in the end, eventuallySpatial order: next to, far from, on the left, in front ofOtherwise, nevertheless, as a result, therefore, furthermore, in addition, as well asSummary: in a word, in short, on the whole, to sum up, in briefStep 8 Homework1. Understand the definition of "moral dilemma" and establish a correct moral view;2. Accumulate vocabulary about attitudes and emotions in listening texts and use them to express your own views;3. Complete relevant exercises in the guide plan.1、通過本節(jié)內容學習,學生能否理解理解“道德困境”的定義;2、通過本節(jié)內容學習,學生能否通過說話人所表達的內容、說話的語氣、語調等來判斷其態(tài)度和情緒;3、通過本節(jié)內容學習,學生能否針對具體的道德困境發(fā)表自己的看法和見解,能否掌握聽力理訓練中的聽力策略。

中國古代商業(yè)的發(fā)展有哪些表現(xiàn)?綜觀中國古代歷史,商業(yè)在不同的歷史時期有不同的表現(xiàn)。主要表現(xiàn)在:(1)商業(yè)活動的場所的變化:先主要在城市中進行,后來農村集市貿易逐漸發(fā)展。唐時加快,明清時突出,出現(xiàn)了專業(yè)性的市集(如絲市、葉市、豬市等),以至逐漸形成了新興的市鎮(zhèn)(有的更是專業(yè)性的集散市集);而不是先有農村商業(yè),而后才有城市商業(yè)的發(fā)展。(2)交易內容的變化:商業(yè)開始時以販運、交流地區(qū)間的土特產品,經營統(tǒng)治者所需要的奢侈品為主要內容,以后隨著商品貨幣經濟的發(fā)展,市場商品種類增多、行業(yè)分細,為一般人民所需要的主要農副產品以及城市手工業(yè)所生產的大小商品在整個流通界地位提高。這種情況在宋代已經顯現(xiàn)。(3)交易媒介的變化:商品交換最原始的形態(tài)是物物交換,不存在交易的媒介。隨著商品交換的內容和地域的擴大,出現(xiàn)了以貝殼等為代表的一般等價物。

二、課堂教學(課前由科代表發(fā)回預習學案)1、教師根據(jù)預習學案檢查結果提出問題(用多媒體展示),引導全班討論(重點討論:①、為什么動能的表達式一定是 mV2 ?你如何得出這個結論?②、力在一個過程中對物體所做的功,和物體在這個過程中動能的變化量有什么關系?你如何得出這個結論?這個做功的力和F=ma中的力F有什么關系)。有困難的小組應及時問老師。老師在這個過程中巡視指導。2、學生自主閱讀課文“7 動能和動能定理”中的“動能的表達式”,然后完成如下練習(教師在此過程中巡視指導):2.1嘗試推出動能的表達式(鼓勵會推導的同學積極上臺板演,老師引導討論)。2.2寫出動能的小結(認真閱讀教材p66倒數(shù)第二段、第三段,結合你推導動能表達式的過程,認真思考后四人一組討論:①、動能是矢量還是標量?②、動能的單位是什么?③、你認為應從哪幾方面來理解動能?)

思考:洗衣機脫水時轉速高時容易甩干衣物,還是轉速低時容易甩干衣物?(2) 制作棉花糖的原理內筒與洗衣機的脫水筒相似,里面加入白砂糖,加熱使糖熔化成糖汁。內筒高速旋轉,黏稠的糖汁就做離心運動,從內筒壁的小孔飛散出去,成為絲狀到達溫度較低的外筒,并迅速冷卻凝固,變得纖細雪白,像一團團棉花。5.離心現(xiàn)象的防止在水平公路上行駛的汽車,轉彎時所需的向心力是由車輪與路面的靜摩擦力提供的。如果轉彎時速度過大,所需向心力F大于最大靜摩擦力Fmax,汽車將做離心運動而造成交通事故。因此,在公路彎道處,車輛行駛不允許超過規(guī)定的速度。當高速轉動的砂輪或者飛輪內部分子間相互作用力不足以提供所需向心力時,離心運動就會使他們破裂,甚至釀成事故。

(二)進行新課1、動能與勢能的相互轉化演示實驗1:如右圖,用細線、小球、帶有標尺的鐵架臺等做實驗。把一個小球用細線懸掛起來,把小球拉到一定高度的A點,然后放開,小球在擺動過程中,重力勢能和動能相互轉化。我們看到,小球可以擺到跟A點等高的C點,如圖甲。如果用尺子在某一點擋住細線,小球雖然不能擺到C點,但擺到另一側時,也能達到跟A點相同的高度,如圖乙。問題:這個小實驗中,小球的受力情況如何?各個力的做功情況如何?這個小實驗說明了什么?學生觀察演示實驗,思考問題,選出代表發(fā)表見解。小球在擺動過程中受重力和繩的拉力作用。拉力和速度方向總垂直,對小球不做功;只有重力對小球能做功。實驗證明,小球在擺動過程中重力勢能和動能在不斷轉化。在擺動過程中,小球總能回到原來的高度??梢?,重力勢能和動能的總和保持不變。即機械能保持不變。

3.適用條件(1)萬有引力定律只適用于質點間引力大小的計算。當兩物體間的距離遠遠大于每個物體的尺寸時,物體可以看成質點,直接使用萬有引力定律計算。(模型)研究相互接觸的兩個人之間的萬有引力時,不能把他們看作質點。(2)當兩物體是質量均勻分布的球體時,它們間的引力也可直接用公式計算,但式中的r是指兩球心間距離。研究太陽和地球之間的萬有引力,可以把它們看作質量均勻的球體。當研究物體不能看成質點時,可以把物體假想分割成無數(shù)個質點,求出兩個物體上每個質點與另一物體上所有質點的萬有引力,然后求合力,這是微積分的思想。萬有引力定律產生于對太陽系行星運動的研究,但它對物質運動的適用性卻要廣泛得多。可以這樣說,宇宙中凡有引力參與的一切復雜的現(xiàn)象,無不要歸結到這樣一條十分簡潔的定律之中,這不能不使人驚嘆宇宙萬物超乎尋常的和諧及人類理性思考所具有的統(tǒng)攝力。

1、教師先演示投影:把小鋼珠放在黑墨水瓶蓋里轉一下(內有一點點墨水),再放在半圓形有機玻璃軌道上運動并飛出,讓鋼珠在白紙上留下痕跡,同樣在3/5半圓周,4/5半圓周上運動飛出,讓學生猜測飛出方向由什么特點?(有機玻璃板說明:厚約5毫米,略小于小鋼珠直徑,圓弧半徑15厘米,MN邊稍長些,以便過MN做直線,根據(jù)半徑大小確定圓心O位置。)學生猜想:切線方向師:已知圓弧半徑為15厘米。如何驗證?請用幾何方法作圖驗證。生:標出飛出點和圓心,做圓心和飛出點的連線,用量角尺量出該連線和飛出軌跡直線的夾角,是否90度。2、再分組實驗,提醒同桌配合,小心鋼珠滾跑。實驗完畢,要求作圖驗證,并互相討論交流。3、交流和結論:師:要引導學生得出正確的科學結論:“圓周運動的物體的速度方向為該點的切線方向”,而不能直接得出“曲線運動的的物體速度方向為該點的切線方向”。

“做功的過程就是能量轉化過程”,這是本章教學中的一條主線。對于一種勢能,就一定對應于相應的力做功。類比研究重力勢能是從分析重力做功入手的,研究彈簧的彈性勢能則應從彈簧的彈力做功入手。然而彈簧的彈力是一個變力,如何研究變力做功是本節(jié)的一個難點,也是重點。首先,要引導學生通過類比重力做功和重力勢能的關系得出彈簧的彈力做功和彈簧的彈性勢能的關系。其次,通過合理的猜想與假設得出彈簧的彈力做功與哪些物理量有關。最后,類比勻變速直線運動求位移的方法,進行知識遷移,利用微元法的思想得到彈簧彈力做功的表達式,逐步把微分和積分的思想滲透到學生的思維中。本節(jié)課通過游戲引入課題,通過生活中拉弓射箭、撐桿跳高和彈跳蛙等玩具以及各種彈簧等實例來創(chuàng)設情景,提出問題。給學生感性認識,引起學生的好奇心;讓學生對彈簧彈力做功的影響因素進行猜想和假設,提出合理的推測,激發(fā)學生的探索心理,構思實驗,為定性探究打下基礎。然后,引導學生通過類比重力做功與重力勢能的關系得出彈簧彈性勢能與彈簧彈力做功的關系。

1.教材在學生的原有加速度概念的基礎上來討論“勻速圓周運動速度變化快慢”的問題,讓學生知道向心加速度能夠表示勻速圓周運動物體速度變化的快慢究竟是怎么一回事。2.教材把向心加速度安排在線速度和角速度知識之后,使學生對描述勻速圓周運動的幾個物理量有一個大致的了解。3.教材從了解運動的規(guī)律過渡到了解力跟運動關系的規(guī)律;把向心加速度放在向心力之前,從運動學的角度來學習向心加速度。4.教材為了培養(yǎng)學生“用事實說話”的“態(tài)度”,讓一切論述都合乎邏輯,改變了過去從向心力推導向心加速度的教學方式。1.采用理論、實驗、體驗相結合的教學安排。2.教師啟發(fā)引導,學生自主閱讀、思考,討論、交流。知識與技能1.會作矢量圖表示速度的變化量與速度之間的關系。2.加深理解加速度與速度、速度變化量的區(qū)別。3.體會勻速圓周運動向心加速度方向的分析方法。4.知道向心加速度的公式也適用于變速圓周運動;知道變速圓周運動的向心加速度的方向。

教學目標㈠知識與技能1.要弄清實驗目的,本實驗為驗證性實驗,目的是利用重物的自由下落驗證機械能守恒定律。2.要明確實驗原理,掌握實驗的操作方法與技巧、學會實驗數(shù)據(jù)的采集與處理,能夠進行實驗誤差的分析,從而使我們對機械能守恒定律的認識,不止停留在理論的推導上,而且還能夠通過親自操作和實際觀測,從感性上增加認識,深化對機械能守恒定律的理解。3.要明確織帶選取及測量瞬時速度簡單而準確的方法。㈡過程與方法1.通過學生自主學習,培養(yǎng)學生設計實驗、采集數(shù)據(jù),處理數(shù)據(jù)及實驗誤差分析的能力。2.通過同學們的親自操作和實際觀測掌握實驗的方法與技巧。3.通過對紙帶的處理過程培養(yǎng)學生獲取信息、處理信息的能力,體會處理問題的方法,領悟如何間接測一些不能直接測量的物理量的方法。
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