
Step 5 Practice一、完成下列句子。1. Judy and I _______________(把車停下來(park))in an underground car Park near Trafalgar Square, where we could ______________________(讓我們的車充電(charge)).2. When we finally reached the service desk to ask for audio guides, we heard it ___________ that there were no audio guides____________(留下,剩下).3. We__________________________(發(fā)現(xiàn)自己對...很驚訝)the large number of visitors and the amount of noise at the entrance of the National Gallery.4. Judy ____________________(眼神專注于) Van Gogh’s Sunflowers. It was hard to approach the painting as there were so many people around.5. She ____________________(把這幅畫的復制品裝箱(box)) to ensure that it was delivered safely.答案:1.had our car parked get our car battery charged 2. announced left 3. found ourselves very surprised 4. had her eyes fixed on 5. had a copy of the painting boxed二、用過去分詞對下列句子進行改寫。1. Loch Ness was surrounded by beautiful natural landscape, which made it look amazing.2. Carl and his friend stayed with a generous family who offered them bread with butter and honey that was homemade.3. The family’s ancestors once attended to soldiers who were wounded in the First World War.4. The young people were attracted by the legend of Loch Ness. They watched over the lake with their cameras and binoculars, which were positioned on the hill.答案:1. Loch Ness surrounded by beautiful natural landscape looks amazing.2. Carl and his friends stayed with a generous family who offered them homemade bread with butter and honey.3. The family’s ancestors once attended to wounded soldiers in the First World War.4. The young people attracted by the legend of Loch Ness watched over the lake with their cameras and binoculars positioned on the hill.

This unit is about history and traditions. From the opening page, we can know that this unit will introduce the history and traditions around the world. As Marcus Garvey says “A people without the knowledge of their past history, origin and culture is like a tree without roots”, it is important for students to realize the importance and value of knowing the history and traditions and their further meanings. And this part ( listening and speaking ) is divided into two parts: Part A---share views on historic sites, Part B ---talk about a visit to a historic tourist destination. By talking with a foreigner, the speakers introduce the historic attractions and their cultures. Part A is that William, a British student, who was going to visit the Confucius Temple and a Chinese student, Xiao Kong, who was going to the Confucius Temple to meet with the members of the research group, went together and exchanged their views on the Confucius Temple, Confucius, Confucius' descendants and Confucius' educational thoughts. Part B is a conversation between Xiao Yan, a youth hostel receptionist and Paul, a backpacker about the feelings and experience after visiting the Chinese famous tourist attraction Pingyao.1. Guide students to understand the content of listening texts in terms of the whole and key details; 2. Cultivate students' ability to guess the meaning of words in listening; discuss with their peers how to talk about historic spots and great person.3. Instruct students to use functional sentences of showing one’s excitement, surprise and disappointment.1. Guide students to understand the content of listening texts in terms of the whole and key details; 2. Cultivate students' ability to discuss with their peers the related topics.3. Enable students to use the functional items of showing one’s excitement, surprise and disappointment.

This teaching period mainly deals with grammar: The past participle is used as attributive and objective complement.1. Guide students to review the basic usages of the past participle used as attributive and objective complement.2. Lead students to learn to use some special cases concerning the past participle used as attributive and objective complement flexibly.3. Strengthen students’ great interest in grammar learning.1. Help students to appreciate the function of the past participle used as attributive and objective complement.2. Instruct students to write essays using the past participle used as attributive and objective complement.Step1:溫故而知新。Analyze the underlined phrases and then sum up the common usages of the past participles.1.(教材P41)They had castles built(build) all around England, and made changes to the legal system.2.(教材P42)They use the same flag, known(know) as the Union Jack,...3.(教材P42)Judy and I had our car parked(park) in an underground car park near Trafalgar Square, where we could get our car battery charged(charge).Common points: f the past participle used as attributive and objective complement.Step 2:過去分詞作定語時的意義1.及物動詞的過去分詞作定語,在語態(tài)上表示被動;在時間上,常表示動作已經(jīng)發(fā)生或完成,有時也不表示時間性。Our teacher watched us doing the experiment and gave us a satisfied smile at last.我們的老師看著我們做實驗,最后給了我們一個滿意的微笑。The plan put forward at the meeting will be carried out soon.會上提出的計劃將很快被執(zhí)行。2.不及物動詞的過去分詞作定語,它不表示被動意義,只強調動作完成。Many little kids like gathering fallen leaves in the yard.

Step 5 While reading---Task 3Read the text again and answer the following questions.Q1: How many countries does the UK consist of ?4 Q2: What are the four countries of the United Kingdom?England, Wales, Scotland and Northern Ireland Q3: Which two were the first to be joined together ?England and WalesQ4: What are the two chief advantages of studying the history of a country ?The first one is to help you understand more about the country and its traditions.The second one is to make visiting it more enjoyable.Q5: What’s the author’s attitude towards studying the history ?Supportive/positiveStep 6 Post reading---Retell the textThe United Kingdom, Great Britain, Britain, England—many people are confused by (1)_____ these different names mean. In the 16th century, the nearby country of Wales (2) __________(join) to the Kingdom of England. In the 19 th century, the Kingdom of Ireland was added to create the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland. Finally, the southern part of Ireland (3) ______ (break) away from the UK, which resulted in the full name we have today. However, most people just use the (4)_________(shorten) name: the UK. The four countries (5)__________ belong to the United Kingdom work together in some areas. There were four sets of invaders and the last group were the Normans. They had castles (6)_________(build) all around England and made changes (7)__________ the legal system. Studying the history of the country will make your visit much more (8)_________(enjoy). The capital city London is (9)___ ancient port city that has a history (10)______(date) back to Roman times. 1. what 2.was joined 3.broke 4.shortened 5.that 6. built 7.to 8.enjoyable 9.an 10.dating Step 6 Homework

Listening and Speaking introduces the topic of “Take part in a youth project”. The listening text is an interview about "sharing views on historical sites". Through listening to a dialogue between Chinese and foreign students on the way to the Confucius Temple, students can understand their views on the Confucius Temple, Confucius, Confucius' descendants and Confucius' educational thoughts, so as to realize and think about the profound influence of Confucius and his thoughts on Chinese historical tradition. At the same time, the dialogue naturally integrates English idioms and mentions Shakespeare, the British playwright, so as to provide language materials and context for students to understand English idioms and related cultural allusions, as well as to compare Chinese and foreign cultures, which is helpful for students to understand and express the language such as history, tradition, culture and custom significant impact.Text analysis: listening text is a dialogue between a British student and a Chinese student when he goes to the Confucius Temple. When William, a British student, visited the Confucius Temple, he asked Xiao Kong, a Chinese student, for directions. Xiao Kong was just going to the Confucius Temple to meet with the members of the research group, so they went together and exchanged their views on the Confucius Temple, Confucius, Confucius' descendants and Confucius' educational thoughts. From the perspective of foreign tourists, this paper describes their thoughts on Confucius, the great son of Confucius, who had a profound impact on Chinese history and cultural tradition, and his education.Listening and Talking introduces a visit to a historic tourist destination. Tourism is a common way to understand a country's history, culture, and customs and so on. Students listen to the dialogue between Xiao Yan, a youth hostel Usher, and Paul, a backpacker, to learn about Pingyao's famous historical and cultural attractions and Paul's travel experience and experience as a foreign tourist.

Features of languages1.Finally, in the 20th century, the southern part of Ireland broke away from the UK, which resulted in the full name we have today: the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland.該句是一個復合句。該句主句為:the southern part of Ireland broke away from the UK;which resulted in the full name we have today為which引導的定語從句代指前面整句話的內容,we have today為定語從句修飾先行詞name。譯文:最后,在20世紀,愛爾蘭南部脫離英國,這導致了我們今天有的英國的全名:大不列顛及北愛爾蘭聯(lián)合王國。2.Almost everywhere you go in the UK, you will be surrounded by evidence of four different groups of people who took over at different times throughout history.該句是一個復合句。該句主句為:you will be surrounded by evidence of four different groups of people;其中Almost everywhere you go in the UK為讓步狀語從句; who took over at different times throughout history為定語從句修飾先行詞people。譯文:幾乎無論你走到英國的任何地方,你都會發(fā)現(xiàn)歷史上有四種不同的人在不同的時期統(tǒng)治過英國。3.The capital city London is a great place to start, as it is an ancient port city that has a history dating all the way back to Roman times.該句是一個復合句。該句主句為:The capital city London is a great place to start; as it is an ancient port city that has a history dating all the way back to Roman times.為原因狀語從句;dating all the way back to Roman times為現(xiàn)在分詞短語作定語修飾history。

這個地區(qū)有著深厚的傳統(tǒng)。既學既練:為了讓更多的外國游客了解中國文化,欣賞中國美麗的自然風光,感受中國發(fā)生的巨大變化,某外文雜志社將出版一本英語小冊子來介紹中國的旅游景點。該雜志社邀請你為該小冊子寫一篇英語短文來介紹杭州,內容包括:1.杭州的位置(中國東南部)、面積(16 000多平方公里)及歷史(2 200多年)等;2.杭州的旅游特色(自然風景、傳統(tǒng)文化、特色小吃等);3.希望更多的游客來杭州參觀。注意:1.詞數(shù)80左右;2.可適當增加細節(jié),以使行文連貫。Located in the southeast of China, Hangzhou is a beautiful city.Dating back more than 2,200 years, Hangzhou covers an area of more than 16,000 square kilometers.In Hangzhou, you can visit the West Lake, whose scenery is fascinating.In addition, you can’t miss its cultural relics and historical sites, from which you will learn more about excellent Chinese traditional culture and traditions.In Hangzhou, the special snacks are famous and visitors from different parts of the world think highly of them.As a tourist attraction, Hangzhou attracts a large number of visitors from home and abroad every year.Once you come to China, Hangzhou is a scenic spot you can’t miss.

choir memberspeople to run food stands people to sell festival ticketspeople to sell music CDspeople to set up equipmentmusical performersStep 2: Listen to the announcement again and answer the questions. ? 1. What kind of songs will Grace Davis sing at the festival?? 2. Who can try out as a performer?? 3. What can those who think they do not have musical talent do?? 4. How can students volunteer to take part?? Talking about preferences:? Would you prefer doing ..?? What would you prefer to do?? Would you rather do .... or ….?? What would you rather do?? I'd prefer .... to ..? I'd rather have ... than .. Step 3: Speaking ProjectWork in groups. Role-play the conversation or make a new one.? Debbie: Where have you been? You missed the announcement about the music festival.? John: I was at the doctor's office. Music festival?? Frank: Yes, it's going to be next month on the school sports field. John, you can play the piano. How about playing it at the festival?? John: Well, I'd rather play the violin. I can play Liang Zhu.? Frank: Wow! Sounds good. What about you, Debbie? ? Debbie: Actually, I don't have much musical ability. I'd prefer just to help out with the crowds.? Frank: You can sell tickets or work at a food stand.? John: So can I assume that the aim of the festival is to raise money?? Debbie: Yes. All of the money will go to charity.

Step1:自主探究。1.(教材P52)Born(bear) in the USA on 2 January 1970, Whitacre began studying music at the University of Nevada in 1988.2.(教材P52) Moved(move) by this music, he said, “It was like seeing color for the first time.”3.(教材P56)I was very afraid and I felt so alone and discouraged(discourage).4.(教材P58)Encouraged(encourage) by this first performance and the positive reaction of the audience, I have continued to play the piano and enjoy it more every day.Step2:語法要點精析。用法1:過去分詞作表語1).過去分詞可放在連系動詞be, get, feel, remain, seem, look, become等之后作表語,表示主語所處的狀態(tài)Tom was astonished to see a snake moving across the floor.湯姆很驚訝地看到一條蛇正爬過地板。Finally the baby felt tired of playing with those toys.終于嬰兒厭倦了玩那些玩具。注意:1).過去分詞作表語時與被動語態(tài)的區(qū)別過去分詞作表語時,強調主語所處的狀態(tài);而動詞的被動語態(tài)表示主語是動作的承受者,強調動作。The library is now closed.(狀態(tài))圖書館現(xiàn)在關閉了。The cup was broken by my little sister yesterday.(動作)昨天我妹妹把杯子打碎了。2)感覺類及物動詞的現(xiàn)在分詞與過去分詞作表語的區(qū)別過去分詞作表語多表示人自身的感受或事物自身的狀態(tài),常譯作“感到……的”;現(xiàn)在分詞多表示事物具有的特性,常譯作“令人……的”。

This lesson is about music. Students can classify the types of music through the instruments and its sound and can talk about their preferences about music, even join some activities and play a role in them according to their musical talents. On the basis, they are guided to use the languages to express their preferences and some plosive sounds and their rules.1. Classify the music types through the instruments and its sound.2. Listen and understand what the speakers’ preferences are and the reasons; talk about their own preferences and give their own reasons, using these sentences: “What kind of music do you like? And why? “ “Because it makes/gives me energy/peaceful.../touches my heart...”.3. Learn some plosives and the rules.4. Join some activities and play a role in them according to the talents. 1. Listen and understand what the speakers’ preferences are and the reasons;2. talk about their own preferences and give their own reasons, using these sentences: “What kind of music do you like? And why? “ “Because it makes/gives me energy/peaceful.../touches my heart...”.3. Learn some plosives and incomplete plosives and its rules.Step 1 Lead inPoint at the pictures on P50 and ask Q1: What are the people doing in the pictures below?Q2: What kind of music they are?Then play the MP3s one by oneStep 2 ListeningTask 1: A reporter from the school newspaper is interviewing students about music. Listen to the interviews. Draw lines between the words to make complete sentences. Some words will not be used.

1. Get basic information about Eric; read deeply to understand the history and development of the virtual choir.2. Understand what the function of the virtual choir is and how to make a virtual choir.3. Understand the meaning of some languages in the context of the text through question guidance, such as “Many people do not have close friends or contacts who have the same interest in music.” and so on.Step 1 Leading-in1. Answer the following questions.Q1:Do you know the Apps like Tik Tok and Quick Hand?Q2: Do you want to make a Tik Tok video or a Quick Hand video?2. Play a Tik Tok video Step 2: Understanding the title Q1:What does the title mean ?Q2: Is the article a narration or exposition? Why? Q3: Can you change the title ? If you can, what is the title?Step 3: Scanning the whole text and getting the basic information1. Answer the following questions.Q1:Who came up with the idea for a virtual choir?Q2: Where did Eric studied the musical composition?Q3: What is his song?2. Find the main idea of each paragraph3. Deal with some new words.Step 4: Reading carefully to get detailed informationPara 1 How to make a virtual choir1. PreparationA. tools: a virtual camera; an Internet connectionB. hero/heroin: friends or some individuals who have the same interests2. Process

The Internet celebrity Gao Yifeng. Years ago, he owned 5 companies and the staffs over 1,000, but during the economy crisis, he became nothing but debt. He was so worried that his hair became white overnight. There was a time when he wanted to killed himself. But after listening to the song Start Over by Liu Huan, he decided to cheer himself up. He started a steamed bun shop and gradually became a national chain shops. Now he became successful again.Walter Haddon said, “Music is the medicine of a troubled mind.” Music contains such a pleasant and inspiring force. Music gave him courage and bravery. When he listened to the song, it made his spirit fly like a kite in the wind. Music gave him strength and brought him relief. It was the rock I leant on to become strong and to get through those hard times. I hope none of us have to go through the same kind of suffering that he did. At the same time, we all go through various periods when we feel sad or alone. During those times, music can help us in the same way that it helped him. I hope we all will somehow begin to treasure music and make it a part of our life. Thank you for your listening !5.Revise your writing each other.Does he/she explain how music has changed his/her/someone else’s life?Are some of the rhetorical devices included and used properly ?Does he/she talk about how music makes him/her/someone feel?Is the first word in each sentences capitalised?Does he/she use correct punctuation ?

五、說反思:通過本節(jié)課的學習,我預期學生達到如下的效果:1、培養(yǎng)學生的全面地思考問題和觀察、分析及推理能力。通過擺數(shù)字卡片、握手、服裝搭配等活動,培養(yǎng)學生多渠道獲取信息的能力,從中培養(yǎng)學生的全面地思考問題和觀察、分析及推理等實踐能力。2、培養(yǎng)師生的合作意識和合作能力。通過師生、生生的交流和交往,開展各種靈活多樣的研究活動,有利于提高學生的交際能力和表達能力。有利于培養(yǎng)學生的合作意識和合作能力。3、激勵參與,培養(yǎng)學生的主動性。在擺數(shù)字、握一握、搭配服裝的時候,幾個學生一個小組圍在一起,小聲討論研究。每個題目都先由學生分析、討論,教師不失時機地追問,鼓勵學生積極參與,激發(fā)學生的創(chuàng)新思維。鼓勵學生充分表現(xiàn)自己,增強自信,發(fā)揮創(chuàng)造性思維,培養(yǎng)初步培養(yǎng)有序地、全面地思考問題的能力和初步的觀察、分析、及推理能力,激發(fā)了學生的參與意識。

6、解決問題全班共要握:44+43+……+2+1=990(次)7、揭題:我們生活中尋常的握手就用到我們數(shù)學的《簡單的組合》三、應用規(guī)律解決問題1、02年世界杯背景簡單介紹。例3:(出示圖片)世界杯足球賽是全世界足球愛好者四年一度的足球盛宴。2002年世界杯將為歷史寫下新的一頁:這是世界杯史上第一次由兩個國家(韓國和日本)共同主辦的大型單項錦標賽。2002年世界杯對全世界華人來說,也是個值得驕傲的日子,中國國家男子足球隊第一次闖進世界杯決賽圈。中國隊將在小組賽上對陣巴西隊、哥斯達黎加隊、土耳其隊。理解題意:2002年世界杯足球賽C組球隊如下:巴西、土爾其、中國、哥斯達黎加。要求每兩個球隊踢一場,問我們一共要踢多少場?2、數(shù)線段:(1)線段上共有10個點,共有多少條線段?

2、確立教育優(yōu)先發(fā)展地位,提出“科教興國”戰(zhàn)略:①提出“三個面向”指導方針;(即教育要面向現(xiàn)代化,面向世界,面向未來)1983年,當我們國家的改革開放處在起步階段時,鄧小平同志以歷史的眼光,從戰(zhàn)略的高度,為北京景山學校題詞:“教育要面向現(xiàn)代化,面向世界,面向未來?!倍嗄陙恚@“三個面向”的題詞所蘊含的深刻的教育理念,已經(jīng)成為中國教育改革與發(fā)展的指針,“三個面向”的思想,已經(jīng)深入人心;成為我們教育改革的旗幟和靈魂。②改革教育制度,基礎、中等和高等教育全面發(fā)展;基礎教育——普及九年義務教育,制定《義務教育法》(2006年)中等教育——實行普通教育與職業(yè)教育并舉;高等教育——增設邊緣學科,建立學位制,擴大自主權③實施發(fā)展高等教育的“211工程”計劃;211工程"就是面向21世紀,重點建設100所左右的高等學校和一批重點學科點。

(一)知識目標(1)識記中華 文化源遠流長的主要見證是文字和史學典籍 ,文字的作用、意義 ,史學典籍 ,中華文化的包容性。(2)說明中華文化源遠流長的發(fā)展過程,是世界上唯一沒有中斷的文明 ,漢字與史學典籍是中華文化源遠流長和見證,如何再創(chuàng)中華文化新的輝煌(3)分析說明中華文化源遠流長,是當今世界上唯一沒有中斷的文明(二)能力目標通過學生課外探究、信息資源的收集整合,培養(yǎng)學生的信息素養(yǎng)、實踐能力,激發(fā)學生的生活智慧與學習智慧、時代創(chuàng)新精神與團隊合作精神。培養(yǎng)同學們綜合思維能力,全面、辯證、歷史地分析中華文化的基本特征。培養(yǎng)同學們辯證分析能力,辨析中華文化的區(qū)域特征,說明中華文化是中國各族人民共同創(chuàng)造的;展現(xiàn)源遠流長的中華文化是中華民族延續(xù)和發(fā)展的重要標識。

3、探究四:課本P115《民族的科學的大眾的號角》提出問題:為什么說中國特色社會主義文化是“民族的”、科學的”、“大眾的”?老師引導,學生自主學習,共同合作歸納出:民族的:代表和維護中華民族的根本利益,淵源于中華民族五千多年文明,植根于中國社會主義現(xiàn)代化建設的實踐是先進文化的立身之本??茖W的:以馬克思主義為指導,積極吸收了所有的科學的、進步思想的思想文化。大眾的:植根于中國最廣大人民群眾的社會主義現(xiàn)代化建設的實踐,體現(xiàn)和滿足人民群眾不同的層次的精神需求。4、通過視頻舞蹈《較量》,創(chuàng)設情景(1.>只選了中國傳統(tǒng)的哪類樂器?意圖是什么?2、>與你剛才所看到的軍人舞蹈有何區(qū)別,它最特殊的魅力在哪里?),點拔學生比較、分析,引入下一環(huán)節(jié)。5、溫故知新:結合以上探究及視頻,共同探討:在當代中國,我們應該建設什么樣的先進文化? 怎樣建設中國特色社會主義文化?

(2)蒙古族音樂的最典型的代表就是馬頭琴,代表曲目《馬頭琴》。維吾爾古典樂曲《十二木卡姆八十二部大曲》,是維吾爾民間音樂向套曲形式發(fā)展的重大成果,也是一部維吾爾民間音樂和舞蹈完美結合的藝術瑰寶,它包括古典敘詠歌曲、民間敘事組歌、舞蹈樂曲和器樂曲340多首,長期流傳于南北疆各地。維吾爾族的古老樂器是彈布爾,主要曲目為《烏扎勒》。哈薩克族著名的《瑪依拉)Ⅺ我的花兒》已成為國內乃至國際聲樂壇上經(jīng)常演唱的曲目。2.多民族文化對中華文化的意義此知識點教材從四個方面分析:第一,分析民族文化與中華文化關系;第二,分析了民族文化的地位;第蘭,分析r民族文化之問的關系;第四,總結其意義。(1)中華民族是多民族的共同體,中華文化呈現(xiàn)多種民族文化的豐富色彩。中華各民族的文化,既有中華文化的共性,義有各自的民族特性。(2)地位。它們都足中華文化的瑰寶,都是中華民族的驕傲。(3)各民族文化的關系。各兒弟民族文化相互交融、相互促進,共同創(chuàng)造中華文化。

1.愛國主義是中華民族精神的核心愛國主義是中華民族精神的核心,它貫穿民族精神的各個方面。愛國主義是動員和鼓舞中國人團結奮斗的一面旗幟,是各族人民風雨同舟、自強不息的精神支柱?!簏c撥:“文化名人”介紹了古代偉大的愛固詩人-一屈原愛祖國、愛人民、堅持真理、寧死不屈的偉大民族精神?!笳n堂探究:你能說出它們的來歷嗎?你還知道哪些表達愛國情感的名言警句?◇探究提示:“茍利固家生死以,豈因禍福避趨之”是清代著名政治家和民族英雄林則徐的愛國名言;“天下興亡,匹夫有責”是明末清初著名思想家顧炎武的名言;“寄意寒星荃不察,我以我血薦軒轅”是魯迅的愛國名句。◇課堂探究:結合其中的一點,淡談自己打算如何做?!筇骄刻崾荆航Y合高中學生的實際。來談自己的打算,不要脫離實際泛泛而談。2.愛國主義是具體的在不同的歷史時期,愛國主義有共同的要求,也有不同的具體內涵。在當代中國,建設國特色社會主義,擁護祖國統(tǒng)一,就是新時期愛國主義的主題。

②在經(jīng)濟上:資本主義經(jīng)濟產(chǎn)生并發(fā)展,產(chǎn)生工業(yè)革命,開始沖擊封建自然經(jīng)濟。③思想上:繼文藝復興后產(chǎn)生啟蒙運動,人們的思想觀念更加開放,動搖了封建統(tǒng)治的思想,沖擊封建統(tǒng)治,人們的民族、民主意識增強。④在文化上:近代自然科學蓬勃發(fā)展,奠定近代自然科學的基礎。⑤隨著新航路的開辟,工業(yè)革命開展,西方國家展開殖民掠奪與,各大洲之間相對孤立狀態(tài)被打破,世界日益成為一個相互影響、聯(lián)系緊密的整體。(2)①清朝統(tǒng)治者極力提供程朱理學,殘酷壓抑進步思想.中國思想界“萬馬齊喑”,死氣沉沉。②中國傳統(tǒng)科技進入總結時期,現(xiàn)代科技水平落后,日益落在世界潮流后面;③人們封建落后意識濃厚.民族、民主意識薄弱。④以中因為中心的東亞文化圈浙漸稿失。⑤西學大量傳入中田,西學東漸現(xiàn)象不斷發(fā)晨,沖擊中國傳統(tǒng)思想文化。(3)①國家衰落使文化失去發(fā)展的政治、經(jīng)濟條件,加速了文化的衰落。國家衰落是文化衰落的決定性因素。②文化衰落是國家衰落的重要表現(xiàn),反映了國家衰落.不利于國家發(fā)展。
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