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人教版高中語文必修4《蘇武傳》教案
二、課堂教學：1、學生簡介背景：教師掌握：漢武帝開始對匈奴進行長期的討伐戰(zhàn)爭，其中取得了三次具有決定意義的勝利，時間為公元前127年、前121年、前119年。匈奴的威勢大大削弱之后，表示愿意與漢講和，但雙方矛盾還是根深蒂固。所以，到公元前100年，蘇武出使匈奴時，卻被扣留，并迫使他投降?！短K武傳》集中敘寫了蘇武出使匈奴被扣留期間的事跡，熱烈頌揚了他在敵人面前富貴不能淫，貧賤不能移，威武不能屈，饑寒壓不倒，私情無所動的浩然正氣，充分肯定了他堅毅忠貞，大義凜然，視死如歸的民族氣節(jié)。2、作者介紹：班固（32——92年），字孟堅，扶風安陵（今陜西咸陽市東）人。東漢著名的史學家?！逗鬂h書·班固傳》稱他“年九歲，能屬文，誦詩賦。及長，遂博貫載籍，九流百家之言，無不窮究。所學無常師，不為章句，舉大義而已”。其父班彪曾續(xù)司馬遷《史記》作《史記后傳》，未成而故。
新人教版高中英語必修1Unit 4 Natural Disasters- Reading for writing教案
①標題——標題應(yīng)當簡潔明了。②導(dǎo)語——導(dǎo)語是消息開頭的第一段或第一句話，簡明扼要地揭示出消息的核心內(nèi)容。③主體——主體是消息的主要部分，要用充足的事實表現(xiàn)主題，對導(dǎo)語的內(nèi)容作進一步的展開和闡述。④結(jié)束語——通常是對全文內(nèi)容進行概括性的總結(jié)。3. 新聞報道增分句子（1）陳述事實常用的句型:①A terrible storm hit/struck ... , killing ..②It was a cool autumn night when the earthquake happened. A large number of buildings fell down and roads were destroyed, leaving a great many people homeless.地震發(fā)生在一個涼爽的秋夜。大量的建筑物倒塌，道路被毀,許多人無家可歸。③With the help of the rescue team, people who were the trapped in the flood were saved.在救援隊的幫助下，困在洪水中的人們得救了。（2）陳述觀點常用的句型:①Clearly/Obviously/In my opinion/It seemed that people were shocked.顯然/在我看來/似乎人們震驚了。②The whole city was in ruins after the earthquake.地震后整個城市成了一片廢墟。（3）揭示原因常用的句型:Because of/As a result of/Thanks to the help of the army, people who got injured were sent to the hospital immediately.
新人教版高中英語必修2Unit 4 History and Traditions-Reading and Thinking教案一
Features of languages1．Finally, in the 20th century, the southern part of Ireland broke away from the UK, which resulted in the full name we have today: the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland．該句是一個復(fù)合句。該句主句為：the southern part of Ireland broke away from the UK；which resulted in the full name we have today為which引導(dǎo)的定語從句代指前面整句話的內(nèi)容，we have today為定語從句修飾先行詞name。譯文：最后，在20世紀，愛爾蘭南部脫離英國，這導(dǎo)致了我們今天有的英國的全名：大不列顛及北愛爾蘭聯(lián)合王國。2．Almost everywhere you go in the UK, you will be surrounded by evidence of four different groups of people who took over at different times throughout history．該句是一個復(fù)合句。該句主句為：you will be surrounded by evidence of four different groups of people；其中Almost everywhere you go in the UK為讓步狀語從句； who took over at different times throughout history為定語從句修飾先行詞people。譯文：幾乎無論你走到英國的任何地方，你都會發(fā)現(xiàn)歷史上有四種不同的人在不同的時期統(tǒng)治過英國。3．The capital city London is a great place to start, as it is an ancient port city that has a history dating all the way back to Roman times．該句是一個復(fù)合句。該句主句為：The capital city London is a great place to start; as it is an ancient port city that has a history dating all the way back to Roman times．為原因狀語從句；dating all the way back to Roman times為現(xiàn)在分詞短語作定語修飾history。
人教版高中語文必修4《李賀小傳》教案
一、明確目標1．注意小傳的寫作特色，如小傳的“小”以及是怎樣小中見大的。2．引導(dǎo)學生進行綜合把握和比較閱讀以更好地理解課文內(nèi)容，看看在寫法上各自有什么不同。3．一詞多義的準確知識運用二、整體感知1．解題李商隱的《李賀小傳》有別于一般傳記文的客觀直敘，是一篇性情之文；同時也和作者的詩歌風格相異，寫得樸實自然而又不乏意趣。2．本文所體現(xiàn)的“小傳”的特點本文最大的特點在于：小傳雖小，但小中有大、以小見大。其“小”在于：作者并沒有全面勾勒詩人李賀的一生，對他的生平經(jīng)歷也記敘不多，而是選取了他生活中的若干小片段進行插敘，以小片段撐起傳記的主干。此外，在篇幅上，全文寥寥數(shù)百字，語言極為精練。而其“大”又體現(xiàn)在：極小極短的篇幅卻具有很大的容量，集敘事、議論和曲折的抒情于一體。內(nèi)容渾厚，意味深長。
人教版高中語文必修4《張衡傳》教案
采用明段意分段法：先逐段概括段意，然后用合并同類項法把相關(guān)聯(lián)緊縮密的自然段合在一起。全文五個自然段中，二、三、四自然段講的都是張衡取得的科學成就，自然應(yīng)合為一大段。這樣，就理清了文章的結(jié)構(gòu)。全文可分為三個部分：(1)寫張衡的品格和文才①(2)寫張衡在科學技術(shù)上取得的成就(②③④)(3)寫張衡的政治才干(⑤)第二部分是文章的重點，又可分為兩層：一是仕途情況，以及制作渾天儀和著《靈憲》、《算圖論》的情況；一是專門介紹候風地支儀。顯然，后者又是第二部分的重點。作者這樣處理文章的詳略安排。無疑是非常正確的，因為張衡一生有多方面的才能和成就，而他在科技方面的才能和創(chuàng)造發(fā)明最為突出，理應(yīng)成為本文記敘的重點。四、小結(jié)1.了解全文的內(nèi)容和結(jié)構(gòu)，掌握明段意分段法。2.了解文章的詳略安排。五、作業(yè)
人教版高中語文必修4《長亭送別》教案
三．分析第三部分：1．夫妻贈詩表現(xiàn)了二人怎樣的心情？提示：崔鶯鶯告誡張生切勿忘記她；張生則發(fā)誓永無別戀。這充分展示了二人深厚的情誼。2．怎樣理解[耍孩兒]中的典故？提示：“紅淚”借王嘉《拾遺記》的典故，司馬青衫借白居易《琵琶行》的典故，表現(xiàn)主人公因離別而生的傷心之情。“伯勞飛去燕西歸”則用牛郎織女的典故表現(xiàn)兩人纏綿難舍的心情。3．[五煞]表明了主人公怎樣的心情？提示：對張生的生活的關(guān)心，千叮萬囑，真情自現(xiàn)。4．[二煞]中所用是幾個典故？這些典故的作用是什么？提示：三個典故，見課本。其作用是表明崔鶯鶯對張生的擔心。四．分析第四部分：1．[一煞]中再寫環(huán)境，其作用是否與先前所寫相同？提示：稍有不同，這里是表現(xiàn)崔鶯鶯目送張生遠去時那種凄愴悲苦的眷戀之情。以所見之物，寫內(nèi)心深藏之情。2．[收尾]中寫‘殘照’其含義是什么？提示：以“殘照”表現(xiàn)內(nèi)心的悵惘失意之情。
人教版高中語文必修4《短文三篇》教案
③于是，大自然出現(xiàn)了驚人的奇跡，不毛的石縫間叢生出倔強的生命。④或者就只是一簇一簇無名的野草，春綠秋黃。歲歲枯榮。它們只有三兩片長長的細瘦的薄葉，那細微的葉脈，告知你生存該是多么艱難；更有的。它們就在一簇一簇瘦葉下自己生長出根須，只為了少向母體吮吸一點乳汁，便自去尋找那不易被覺察到的石縫。這就是生命，如果這是一種本能，那么它正說明生命的本能是多么尊貴，生命有權(quán)自認為輝煌壯麗，生機竟是這樣地不可扼制。⑤或者就是一團一團小小的山花，大多又都是那苦苦的蒲公英。它們不似田野上的同宗長得那樣茁壯，它們的莖顯得堅韌而蒼老。它們的葉因枯萎而失卻光澤。它們已經(jīng)不能再去為人們作佐餐的鮮嫩的野菜，卻默默地為攀登山路的人準備了一個可靠的抓手。生命就這樣地被環(huán)境規(guī)定著，又被環(huán)境改變著，適者生存的規(guī)律盡管無情。但一切適者就是戰(zhàn)勝環(huán)境的強者。生命現(xiàn)象告訴你，生命就是拼搏。
人教版高中語文必修4《李清照詞兩首》教案
2．【提問】《醉花陰》反映的是早年丈夫趙明誠游宦在外，作者一個人留在家中的生活狀況和內(nèi)心感受。對于這樣的“閨怨”題材，應(yīng)當怎樣評價呢？【明確】作者作為一個封建時代的婦女，能夠坦率地表達出自己對于丈夫深深的思戀之情，描寫了閨中生活的孤獨寂寞，這在當時乃是一種很大膽的行為。所以，有人批評說：李清照作詞是“無顧忌”地“肆意落筆”。其實，感情的充沛、真摯，敢于正面地展露自己的行為和內(nèi)心世界，正是她創(chuàng)作成功的重要原因之一，也正是她的詞最值得珍視的地方。3．【提問】古人常常愛用花比喻人之美貌，如“芙蓉如面柳如眉”，“人面桃花相映紅”等，而李清照卻說“人比黃花瘦”，這樣的比喻有什么豐富的內(nèi)涵？【明確】黃色的菊花不止外形上雅淡、清秀，與作者因相思而消瘦的體態(tài)相近，而且在菊花品格的傳統(tǒng)象征意義上，也酷似作者清高、淡泊的精神，這樣的比喻正比較恰切地反映了當時作者由于離開丈夫而孤獨、愁悶的生活狀態(tài)和內(nèi)心情感。
人教版高中語文必修4《哈姆萊特》教案
一、作者簡介：威廉·莎士比亞（1564～1616），英國文藝復(fù)興時期偉大的戲劇家和詩人。（人文主義：歐洲文藝復(fù)興時期新興資產(chǎn)階級反封建的社會思潮。資產(chǎn)階級人道主義的最初形式。它肯定人性和人的價值，要求享受人世的歡樂，要求人的個性解放和自由平等，推崇人的感性經(jīng)驗和理性思維。）一生共寫有37部戲劇，154首14行詩，兩首長詩和許多其他詩歌。主要代表作有早期的歷史劇、喜劇———《亨利四世》、《仲夏夜之夢》、《威尼斯商人》和《羅密歐與朱麗葉》等；中期的悲劇———《哈姆萊特》、《奧瑟羅》、《李爾王》和《麥克白》等；后期的傳奇劇———《暴風雨》等。二、莎士比亞創(chuàng)作《哈姆萊特》的社會背景:莎士比亞是歐洲文藝復(fù)興時期英國偉大的戲劇家和詩人。他生活在歐洲歷史上封建制度日趨沒落、資本主義興起的交替時代。哈姆萊特是丹麥古代的王子。莎士比亞故意以超越時代的誤差將哈姆萊特搬到伊麗莎白統(tǒng)治未年的英國現(xiàn)實中來。
新人教版高中英語必修1Unit 4 Natural Disasters-Discovering Useful Structures教案
【教材分析】This teaching period mainly deals with the grammar: the restrictive relative clauses.This period carries considerable significance to the cultivation of students’ writing competence and lays a solid foundation for the basic appreciation of language beauty. The teacher is expected to enable students to master this period thoroughly and consolidate the knowledge by doing some exercise of good quality.【教學目標與核心素養(yǎng)】1. Get students to have a good understanding of the basic usages of the restrictive relative clauses.2. Enable students to use the restrictive relative clauses flexibly.3. Develop students’ speaking and cooperating abilities.4. Strengthen students’ great interest in grammar learning.【教學重難點】How to enable students to have a good understanding of the restrictive relative clauses, especially the uses of the relative words such as which, that, who, whom.【教學過程】Step1: 語法知識呈現(xiàn)定語從句（一）—關(guān)系代詞的用法在復(fù)合句中, 修飾名詞或代詞的從句叫定語從句。定語從句通常由關(guān)系代詞或關(guān)系副詞引導(dǎo)，說明事物的具體信息，從句位于被修飾詞之后。被定語從句修飾的詞叫先行詞，引導(dǎo)定語從句的詞叫關(guān)系詞，關(guān)系詞指代先行詞，并在定語從句中充當成分。關(guān)系詞有兩種：關(guān)系代詞who, whom ,whose, that, which, as和關(guān)系副詞when, where, why。
新人教版高中英語必修1Unit 4 Natural Disasters-Listening and Speaking教案
【教材分析】高考聽力材料的選用非常重視語言真實性和交際性的原則，語言材料一般來源于實際生活，對話的內(nèi)容大都取材于日常生活，即衣、食、住、行、工作、學習、天氣、生活環(huán)境等話題，可分為校園、公共場所、家庭等方面，如: shopping, finding the way, doing one’s homework, seeing a doctor, making a phone call, weather report, asking for different kinds of information等。新教材的特點就是利用生活中真實文本，只是降低難度，讓學生注重語言的應(yīng)用，將是我們高考把握方向的重要因素?！窘虒W目標與核心素養(yǎng)】學習能力目標：在聽力當中，學生應(yīng)該有效規(guī)劃學習方法，選擇恰當?shù)牟呗耘c方法。這節(jié)課的訓練目標是讓學生有正確的預(yù)測和抓住問題的關(guān)鍵信息，從而用心去聽來找尋關(guān)鍵信息。根據(jù)生活中實際情況和高考常見語境，我們不難發(fā)現(xiàn)提前預(yù)測和抓住題干中的w很重要，即what, where, when, why等等。
新人教版高中英語必修1Unit 4 Natural Disasters-Reading & Thinking教案
5. Read to get detailed information about Paragraph 5.Q1. What shows the revival of Tangshan?Q2. How can Tangshan revive itself and get up on its feet again?Q3. In times of disasters, how can we go through it?T: In times of disasters, we should unify, show the wisdom and stay positive.Step 4 Activity 4 Highlighting the theme and reflecting1. Make a summary of the text.2. Further understand the titleQ: After our learning, why do you think the earth didn’t sleep on that night?T: An earthquake happened. The people in the earthquake suffered a lot, and the people outside Tangshan were concerned about the people there a lot.3. Reflect through discussion on what can be learnt after reading.T: Disasters are powerful. Unpreparedness can be deadly. Life is weak, but if people work together to help each other, disasters can be defeated.There is no love from disaster, but we have love in the human heart.Step 5 Assignment How does the writer convey that the earthquake was deadly, and that people were helpless during the earthquake? Try to find some attractive and impressive expressions and note them down.
新人教版高中英語必修2Unit 4 History and Traditions-Discovering Useful Structure教案一
Step 5 Practice一、完成下列句子。1. Judy and I _______________（把車停下來(park)）in an underground car Park near Trafalgar Square, where we could ______________________(讓我們的車充電（charge)).2. When we finally reached the service desk to ask for audio guides, we heard it ___________ that there were no audio guides____________(留下，剩下）.3. We__________________________（發(fā)現(xiàn)自己對...很驚訝）the large number of visitors and the amount of noise at the entrance of the National Gallery.4. Judy ____________________(眼神專注于） Van Gogh’s Sunflowers. It was hard to approach the painting as there were so many people around.5. She ____________________(把這幅畫的復(fù)制品裝箱（box)） to ensure that it was delivered safely.答案：1.had our car parked get our car battery charged 2. announced left 3. found ourselves very surprised 4. had her eyes fixed on 5. had a copy of the painting boxed二、用過去分詞對下列句子進行改寫。1. Loch Ness was surrounded by beautiful natural landscape, which made it look amazing.2. Carl and his friend stayed with a generous family who offered them bread with butter and honey that was homemade.3. The family’s ancestors once attended to soldiers who were wounded in the First World War.4. The young people were attracted by the legend of Loch Ness. They watched over the lake with their cameras and binoculars, which were positioned on the hill.答案：1. Loch Ness surrounded by beautiful natural landscape looks amazing.2. Carl and his friends stayed with a generous family who offered them homemade bread with butter and honey.3. The family’s ancestors once attended to wounded soldiers in the First World War.4. The young people attracted by the legend of Loch Ness watched over the lake with their cameras and binoculars positioned on the hill.
新人教版高中英語必修2Unit 4 History and Traditions-Listening＆Speaking＆Talking教案一
This unit is about history and traditions. From the opening page, we can know that this unit will introduce the history and traditions around the world. As Marcus Garvey says “A people without the knowledge of their past history, origin and culture is like a tree without roots”, it is important for students to realize the importance and value of knowing the history and traditions and their further meanings. And this part ( listening and speaking ) is divided into two parts: Part A---share views on historic sites, Part B ---talk about a visit to a historic tourist destination. By talking with a foreigner, the speakers introduce the historic attractions and their cultures. Part A is that William, a British student, who was going to visit the Confucius Temple and a Chinese student, Xiao Kong, who was going to the Confucius Temple to meet with the members of the research group, went together and exchanged their views on the Confucius Temple, Confucius, Confucius' descendants and Confucius' educational thoughts. Part B is a conversation between Xiao Yan, a youth hostel receptionist and Paul, a backpacker about the feelings and experience after visiting the Chinese famous tourist attraction Pingyao.1. Guide students to understand the content of listening texts in terms of the whole and key details; 2. Cultivate students' ability to guess the meaning of words in listening; discuss with their peers how to talk about historic spots and great person.3. Instruct students to use functional sentences of showing one’s excitement, surprise and disappointment.1. Guide students to understand the content of listening texts in terms of the whole and key details; 2. Cultivate students' ability to discuss with their peers the related topics.3. Enable students to use the functional items of showing one’s excitement, surprise and disappointment.
新人教版高中英語必修2Unit 4 History and Traditions-Reading for Writing教案
Step 1 Lead inThere are many interest of places in the UK. What do you know ?The Big Ben the London Tower the Thames RiverStep 2 Before reading---analyze the titleBeautiful Ireland and its traditionWe know that the article mainly tells about the beauty and traditions of Ireland. Step 3 While reading---Task 1Read the text and answer the following questions.Q1: What makes the Irish countryside exciting and inspiring?Its beauty and how it offers something for all the scenes.Q2: What are the best ways to experience some Irish traditions and cultures?By stopping by a village pub and relaxing with a drink and traditional meal while listening to music and watching dancingQ3: What is the meaning of “breathe in the sweet scent of fresh flowers while birds greet the new day with their morning song ?”It means to not just smell but also breathe in the smell of fresh flowers early in the morning as the birds sing their first song of the new day.Q4: What are the best ways to experience Chinese traditions and customs ?By travelling to different places and using all your senses to experience everything and by interacting with local people.Step 4 While reading---Task 2Analyze the descriptive paragraph1. Identify and underline the paragraph’s introductory sentence and the ending sentence.Introductory sentence: Ireland’s beautiful countryside has always had a great influence on its people and traditions.Ending sentence: And if you introduce yourself to a friendly face, you are more than likely to experience local culture and customs first-hand.2. The paragraph talks about different senses in different places. Write the senses and places in the order that they appear.
新人教版高中英語必修2Unit 4 History and traditions教案
這個地區(qū)有著深厚的傳統(tǒng)。既學既練：為了讓更多的外國游客了解中國文化，欣賞中國美麗的自然風光，感受中國發(fā)生的巨大變化，某外文雜志社將出版一本英語小冊子來介紹中國的旅游景點。該雜志社邀請你為該小冊子寫一篇英語短文來介紹杭州，內(nèi)容包括：1．杭州的位置(中國東南部)、面積(16 000多平方公里)及歷史(2 200多年)等；2．杭州的旅游特色(自然風景、傳統(tǒng)文化、特色小吃等)；3．希望更多的游客來杭州參觀。注意：1．詞數(shù)80左右；2．可適當增加細節(jié)，以使行文連貫。Located in the southeast of China, Hangzhou is a beautiful city．Dating back more than 2，200 years, Hangzhou covers an area of more than 16，000 square kilometers．In Hangzhou, you can visit the West Lake, whose scenery is fascinating．In addition, you can’t miss its cultural relics and historical sites, from which you will learn more about excellent Chinese traditional culture and traditions．In Hangzhou, the special snacks are famous and visitors from different parts of the world think highly of them．As a tourist attraction, Hangzhou attracts a large number of visitors from home and abroad every year．Once you come to China, Hangzhou is a scenic spot you can’t miss．
新人教版高中英語必修3Unit 4 Space Exploration-Discovering Useful Structures導(dǎo)學案
【點津】 1.不定式的復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)作目的狀語 ,當不定式或不定式短語有自己的執(zhí)行者時，要用不定式的復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)?即在不定式或不定式短語之前加 for ＋名詞或賓格代詞?作狀語。He opened the door for the children to come in. 他開門讓孩子們進來。目的狀語從句與不定式的轉(zhuǎn)換 英語中的目的狀語從句，還可以變?yōu)椴欢ㄊ交虿欢ㄊ蕉陶Z作狀語，從而使句子在結(jié)構(gòu)上得以簡化。可分為兩種情況： 1?當目的狀語從句中的主語與主句中的主語相同時，可以直接簡化為不定式或不定式短語作狀語。We'll start early in order that/so that we may arrive in time. →We'll start early in order to/so as to arrive in time. 2?當目的狀語從句中的主語與主句中的主語不相同時，要用動詞不定式的復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)作狀語。I came early in order that you might read my report before the meeting. →I came early in order for you to read my report before the meeting.
人教版高中歷史必修2羅斯福新政教案
【教學參考】對“新政”作用的評價史學界對“新政”作用的評價是仁者見仁、智者見智，但基本上有三種觀點，即“功大于過論”、“過大于功論”和“功過參半論”。持“功大于過論”者認為“新政”在美國歷史上基本上是一種進步現(xiàn)象，首先，“新政”挽救了危機，使美國人民擺脫了危機的困苦局面；其次，在缺少足夠的宏觀經(jīng)濟政策知識的時代，羅斯福所做的努力確實是開創(chuàng)性的；再次，羅斯?！靶抡遍_啟了美國以后歷屆政府實施國家干預(yù)政策的大門，成為緩解自由主義經(jīng)濟制度之弊病的一劑良方，并在實質(zhì)上加強了美國聯(lián)邦政府的權(quán)威；最后，在30年代資本主義世界經(jīng)濟危機的背景下，同日本、德國為轉(zhuǎn)嫁危機而發(fā)動戰(zhàn)爭的策略相比，“新政”無疑代表了一種進步、民主的解救危機方式。持“過大于功論”者認為“新政”未能使美國走出蕭條、步入繁榮。
人教版高中語文必修5《歸去來兮辭（并序）》教案
【教學目標】1.理解作者反抗黑暗，辭官歸田，不與當時黑暗的上層社會同流合污而熱愛田園生活的積極精神，學習其高潔的理想志趣和堅定的人生追求。2.掌握“胡、奚、曷、焉、何”五個疑問代詞，歸納“行、引、乘、策”等四個詞的一詞多義，了解“以、而、之、兮、來”等文言虛詞的用法。3.背誦全文?！窘虒W重點】1.了解作者辭官歸田的原因，深刻體味詩人鄙棄官場，熱愛田園的無限欣喜之情。2.背誦全文?！窘虒W難點】1.理解記述中滲透出的或喜或哀，或決絕或猶疑的復(fù)雜感情。2.歸納實詞、虛詞的用法，掌握省略句、倒裝句兩種句式?！窘叹邷蕚洹客队皟x投影膠片【課時安排】2課時【教學過程】第一課時[教學要點]了解陶淵明及其作品。讀課文，利用注釋、工具書，初步把握文章，朗讀課文，找出押韻的字，由押韻歸納各層大意，幫助學生理清背誦思路，背誦全文。[教學步驟]一、導(dǎo)語《桃花源記》是我們在初中接觸過的陶淵明的作品。師生一同背誦?！短一ㄔ从洝分杏崎e自得的田園生活正是作者精神追求的形象反映。今天我們學習的《歸去來兮辭》正是作者決別官場，同上層社會分道揚鑣的宣言書。
人教版新課標高中物理必修1彈力教案2篇
一般情況下，凡是支持物對物體的支持力，都是支持物因發(fā)生形變而對物體產(chǎn)生彈力。所以支持力的方向總是垂直于支持面而指向被支持的物體。例1：放在水平桌面上的書書由于重力的作用而壓迫桌面，使書和桌面同時發(fā)生微小形變，要恢復(fù)原狀，對桌面產(chǎn)生垂直于桌面向下的彈力f1，這就是書對桌面的壓力；桌面由于發(fā)生微小的形變，對書產(chǎn)生垂直于書面向上的彈力f2，這就是桌面對書的支持力。學生分析：靜止地放在傾斜木板上的書，書對木板的壓力和木板對書的支持力。并畫出力的示意圖。結(jié)論：壓力、支持力都是彈力。壓力的方向總是垂直于支持面而指向被壓的物體，支持力的方向總是垂直于支持面而指向被支持的物體。引導(dǎo)學生分析靜止時，懸繩對重物的拉力及方向。引導(dǎo)得出：懸掛物由于重力的作用而拉緊懸繩，使重物、懸繩同時發(fā)生微小的形變。重物由于發(fā)生微小的形變，對懸繩產(chǎn)生豎直向下的彈力f1，這是物對繩的拉力；懸繩由于發(fā)生微小形變，對物產(chǎn)生豎直向上的彈力f2，這就是繩對物體的拉力。
