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人教版高中語文必修2《歸園田居（其一）》說課稿2篇
我還運用多媒體投影幻燈片給學生設置兩組相互對照的選項，讓同學們根據幻燈片選擇：你贊同每組中那一種價值取向？一組是功名、進取、高官、厚祿與自然、隱逸、本性、自由。另一組是科學、發(fā)展、強大、集中與詩意、和諧、柔弱、個體。經過合作探究，討論解答，學生結合陶淵明的歸隱對第一組討論探究的應該比較容易，而對第二組的理解探究會出現一定的難度，教師可以就學生的情感價值觀方面適當的給予點撥引導：幻燈片上面的第二組文字通過對比，給我們提供了兩種價值取向，你是要通過科學、發(fā)展、強大和集中來實現遨游太空等童話，那就勢必會令我們放棄了詩意的童話，只關注工業(yè)的發(fā)展，城市面積的擴大，鄉(xiāng)村田園必將減少 。你還是要維護生態(tài)平衡，保護一切的多樣性呢？我認為詩意永遠要領導科學，梅羅和陶淵明就共同表達了八個字——詩意、和諧、柔弱和個體。你的本性在田園，當我們身心疲憊時，我們都需要一個心靈的家園，所以我希望大家無論做何選擇都能夠守住我們那片寧靜、祥和的心靈家園。
人教版高中語文必修1《別了，“不列顛尼亞”》說課稿2篇
一、說教材《別了，不列顛尼亞》是編排在人教版《普通高中課程標準實驗教科書語文1（必修）》第四單元的課文，是精讀課文《短新聞兩篇》中的一篇，另一篇是《奧斯維辛沒有什么新聞》。這一單元的學習內容是新聞和報告文學，還有兩篇作品分別是中國報告文學三大里程碑之一的《包身工》和記錄中國航天事業(yè)輝煌發(fā)展的《飛向太空的航程》。在當今信息大爆炸的時代，如何快速獲得信息，如何在新聞中解讀事件的真相，感悟生活的內涵成為語文教學的又一重大任務。因此這一單元的編入便更多地具有了時代意義，體現了語文學科與日常生活的密切關系。不僅如此，新聞特寫和報告文學的選入，拓寬了學生對新聞類文章的了解，體現語文學科的工具性作用。在選文的過程中，新教材同時注重語文學科的人文性，四篇作品不僅傳遞著新鮮、真實的信息，同時更張顯人文性的厚度，他們以飽滿的情感，縱橫的歷史經驗。
《媒介信息的辨識與表達》說課稿-2021-2022學年統(tǒng)編版高中語文必修下冊
②癌癥患者在治療過程中，會有很大的身體損耗，而黃鱔有很好的滋補作用，適當吃一點黃鱔，既能夠為患者補充營養(yǎng)，也能夠提高患者的身體免疫力。 （來源于報紙）經過討論交流，每一組一名同學自主發(fā)言，老師點撥，最后形成小結。看來源 要權威發(fā)布，不要道聽途說看內容 要事實清晰，不要模糊遺漏看立場 要客觀公允，不要情緒煽動看邏輯 要嚴謹準確，不要簡單斷言情感判斷 理性判斷 理性表達（四）活動三，重實踐新課標提到，語文課程應引導學生在真實的語言運用情境中，通過自主的語言實踐活動，積累經驗，把握規(guī)律，培養(yǎng)能力。據此，我設計了以下貼近學生生活、可參與性強的活動。多媒體展示案例，仍然是先討論交流，再自主發(fā)言，說出案例有哪些問題。這是某校園論壇上的一則尋物啟示。
人教版高中歷史必修1甲午中日戰(zhàn)爭說課稿
3．甲午中日戰(zhàn)爭中國戰(zhàn)敗的原因 對于“中國戰(zhàn)敗的原因”這一難點的突破，主要通過設置問題“中國之敗敗在實力遜于日本嗎？”通過幻燈片全方位分析其實中國的綜合國力當時是強于日本的。并且在戰(zhàn)前，日本毫無取勝的把握。讓學生結合剛學習過的戰(zhàn)爭原因和經過進行討論，從多方面分析中國戰(zhàn)敗的原因。經過討論，學生可以得出以下結論：避戰(zhàn)自保方針，沒有積極備戰(zhàn)，將領臨陣脫逃，教師肯定并總結答案進行補充。中日對比：中國士兵出身農民，軍事訓練落后，散兵游勇；日本士兵出身武士，訓練有素；中國將領大多臨陣脫逃，并相互猜忌，受當時惡劣的官風影響；李鴻章深知北洋海軍實情，缺乏軍費，軍備廢弛。為政治資本奉行避戰(zhàn)自保政策，慈禧太后挪用海軍軍費過壽，支持李鴻章。使中方處于被動的局面，一再貽誤戰(zhàn)機。而日本在天皇的帶動下，全民備戰(zhàn)，做了充分的戰(zhàn)爭準備。
人教版高中歷史必修1八國聯(lián)軍侵華說課稿
4,教師重點點撥以下幾個問題⑴廊坊戰(zhàn)役:義和團浴血奮戰(zhàn),對敵人毫不退縮, 其勝利，挫敗了西摩爾聯(lián)軍進犯北京的計劃，沉重打擊了侵略者的氣焰，粉碎了所謂“西方軍隊無敵”的神話。這是對學生進行愛國主義的重要素材之一，教師重點點撥突出其情感教育的重要作用。⑵讓學生（閱讀教材小字和材料，結合插圖，認清八國聯(lián)軍對中國人民犯下的滔天罪行。）并讓學生分組探討自己的看法,一方面培養(yǎng)學生的語言表訴能力,另一方面通過學生的訴說激發(fā)學生的愛國情感,樹立落后就要挨打的觀念.⑶指導學生通過對條約主要內容進行了分析，并自然得出結論：清政府完全成為帝國主義統(tǒng)治中國的工具，中國完全陷入半殖民地半封建社會。讓學生逐步學會分析和歸納能力(4)進行拓展訓練出示中國近代史上列強的大規(guī)模的侵華戰(zhàn)爭和中國人民的反抗斗爭
人教版高中歷史必修1辛亥革命說課稿2篇
三、辛亥革命的結局1.袁世凱竊取革命果實由課件給出竊取革命果實的簡單過程，幫學生理清思路，創(chuàng)設問題情境，由學生分析革命果實被竊取的原因，教師給以補充并揭示根本原因，貫穿整個革命的資產階級的軟弱性和妥協(xié)性，再次加深對難點的理解。2.歷史功績辛亥革命性質、功績由學生閱讀書本進行總結，再加以補充讓學生在書本上做好記錄，強調最大功績是結束了兩千多年的君主專制政體。辛亥革命的失敗及其評價很易搞成生硬的一言堂形式，可以從多種角度把學生思維調動起來。這里采用列舉一個合作探究,自由討論的題目“有人認為辛亥革命因為沒有完成反帝反封建的革命任務而失敗，有人則認為辛亥革命是中國“從君主到民主”社會轉型的成功開始。你同意哪種看法？”要求同學們自由討論.各抒己見,大膽創(chuàng)新,言之在理即可.教師在一旁引導學生,活躍課堂氣氛.最后教者歸納總結學習歷史從不同的角度看問題可以得出不同的結論,學會用辯證的觀點看待歷史問題，對辛亥革命有個全面的認識。
人教版高中歷史必修1鴉片戰(zhàn)爭說課稿2篇
“第二次鴉片戰(zhàn)爭”爆發(fā)的原因的講析，可通過出示英國在鴉片戰(zhàn)爭后在中國與洪都拉斯的正當貿易對比表，讓學生觀察和創(chuàng)設情景來得出結論。戰(zhàn)爭的經過及影響,可以通過兩次鴉片戰(zhàn)爭形勢圖,以及一張相關的表格,從戰(zhàn)爭的根本目的、性質、過程及影響等方面來比較兩次戰(zhàn)爭的異同，從而讓學生理解掌握“戰(zhàn)火再燃”其實就是中英鴉片戰(zhàn)爭的繼續(xù)和擴大。并理解“第二次鴉片戰(zhàn)爭”的如何使中國社會半殖民地半封建化的程度大大加深了。并突出英法兩國殖民者在占領北京期間所犯的滔天罪行。3、結：結合板書設計，讓生自己總結這節(jié)課所學的內容，并通過課后習題練于講相結合，來鞏固本課知識。在此基礎上對本課線索及主要知識點進行簡要的梳理。4、課題延伸：教材后探究學習總結中的一段材料，即《英國駐華商務監(jiān)督義律致英國外交大臣巴麥尊的機密件》，讓學生究義律對中國發(fā)動鴉片戰(zhàn)爭原因的說辭來展開探討，啟發(fā)學生運用辨證唯物主義的基本觀點，澄清和批駁在在一問題上的一些錯誤和謬論，從而提高學生辨別是非的能力和批判的能力．
人教版高中生物必修1細胞增殖說課稿
f.有絲分裂的意義（討論分析教學），首先引導學生結合所學知識討論有絲分裂的的作用，最后有教師歸納總結，并要求學生在理解的基礎上記憶。g.無絲分裂（圖形直觀教學、簡介），本部分內容不是教學的重點，內容也相對簡單，所以我的教學方法是直接給學生展示掛圖，再進行簡短介紹，讓學生了解即可。h.引出減數分裂的概念，為第五章學習打下基礎。小結：新課講完以后由教師對本節(jié)內容進行總結鞏固和反饋：進行一些課堂練習達到鞏固和反饋的作用。最后布置作業(yè)，各種難度的作業(yè)題目均設置一些，其中簡單題比重大，難題要求學生選作，這樣提高學生學習積極性。2教學媒體程序設計: 細胞周期的概念（多媒體課件演示周期動畫）植物細胞有絲分裂（多媒體課件演示分裂各期動畫）動植物細胞有絲分裂異同點（多媒體課件演示分裂各期動畫）有絲分裂過程中DNA和染色體數量的變化規(guī)律（掛圖演示，包括表格和函數圖象）
人教版高中生物必修2基因在染色體上說課稿
三、孟德爾遺傳規(guī)律的現代解釋①分離定律：在雜合體的細胞中，位于一對同源染色體上的等位基因，具有一定的獨立性；在減數分裂形成配子的過程中，等位基因隨同源染色體的分開而分離，獨立地隨配子遺傳給后代。②自由組合定律：位于非同源染色體上的非等位基因的分離或組合是互不干擾的；在減數分裂過程中，同源染色體的等位基因彼此分離的同時，非同源染色體上的非等位基因自由組合?？偨Y：再次強調孟德爾遺傳定律的現代解釋課堂練習：書本31頁6、教學反思：本節(jié)課設置了一系列問題情境，層層設問，在學生答問、質疑、討論過程中讓學生建構新概念和新的知識體系，并通過教師及時掌握反饋信息，適時點撥、調節(jié)，讓學生在推理判斷中培養(yǎng)良好的思維習慣和對知識的遷移能力，而且通過留出一定的時間讓學生提問，體現了以學生為主體的思想。
人教版高中生物必修2染色體變異說課稿
四、說教學程序（一）.溫故知新、導入新課復習提問:基因突變導致生物變異的原因是什么?回答:基因突變是基因結構發(fā)生改變，從而使遺傳信息改變，使蛋白質結構改變、生物性狀改變，即生物發(fā)生了變異。那么，基因是什么?它和染色體又有何關系?回答:基因是有遺傳效應的DNA片斷，染色體是DNA的載體，基因在染色體上呈線形排列。引出新知:對于一個生物體來說，正常情況下，其染色體的結構和數量都是穩(wěn)定的。但在自然條件或人為因素的影響下，染色體的結構和數量均會發(fā)生改變，從而導致生物性狀的改變，這就屬于染色體變異。（二）.把握重點、突破難點重點的把握：1、染色體結構的變異播放影片:貓叫綜合征幼兒。讓學生觀察: 患兒哭聲輕、音調高，很像貓叫。教師補充: 患兒的征狀---兩眼較低、耳位低下，存在著嚴重的智力障礙。闡述病因---染色體片段缺失
人教版高中英語必修1Journey Down the Mekong說課稿
2. let the Ss complete the forms paragraph by paragraph. Purpose here is to help Ss to get the habit of reading a passage as a whole, and pay attention to the organization of the text, as a result the Ss will fully understand the whole passage.3. ask Ss to retell the passage with the help of the key words in the form.Since the Ss in the class are in different levels, so I let them to fill in the blank to understand the meaning of the words and phrases better. ( That’s all for the while-reading. Now let’s move to the fifth step.)Step V: Post-reading (10mins) ---DiscussionIn this part students are asked to discuss in groups and list Wang Kun’s and Wang Wei’s attitudes about the trip. After that, Ss are encouraged to express their attitudes with the whole class. Collect their answers and don’t forget to praise them even if their answers may not be perfect.In this activity, discussion provides a vivid and active learning environment for Ss to communicate in English with newly learned language items. (Finally it comes to the homework.)StepⅥ: Homework (1min)1. Ss are required to read the text again after class and figure out the meaning of some complex sentences.2. Do the exercises on P19; This can help Ss to consolidate what they’ve learnt and make preparation for the next lessonPart4. Blackboard design.（說板書設計）On the top, there is the title of this lesson. On the left, there are main ideas for each paragraph. On the right, there are some new words and expressions.Unit 3 Travel journalJourney down the MekongMain idea of each para.:Para1: deciding to take a great bike trip along the Mekong river.Para2: Different attitudes between Wang kun and Wang wei.
人教版高中英語必修4Body Language說課稿4篇
Textbook: Senior English for China (Book 4), by Liu Daoyi Time Allotment: 1 period (40 minutes)Date: March 20, 2014Teaching aids: blackboard, Multi-media, Power Point, chalk I. Text Analysis （教材分析）This unit is about body language, and the text selected in the reading part demonstrates the difference and similarity of body language in many parts of the world. Through learning this passage, students are required to raise their awareness of using body language in different parts of the world. As body language is closely related to our daily life, it is easy to arouse students’ interest in learning this text. Reading skills and speaking training are designed around the text.II. Teaching Objectives （教學目標）By the end of the lesson, students will be able to:1. Language Skill Objective（語言技能目標）: develop reading ability （skimming and scanning）as well as speaking ability.2. Cultural Knowledge Objective（文化知識目標）: know about the cultural differences of using body language.3. Affective Objective（情感目標）: increase students’ awareness of using body language correctly in different cultures. III.Teaching Focuses and Difficulties（教學重點和難點）1. Teaching Focuses（教學重點）: the difference and similarity of body language in many parts of the world.2. Teaching Difficulties（教學難點）: develop students’ reading abilities of skimming and scanning and ask the students to show their opinions with fluent English.
人教版高中英語必修1Anne's best friend說課稿
Step 7 Language points 1．Vocabulary (1) go through (2) set down (3) a series of (4) on purpose (5) in order to (6)at dusk (7)entirely (8)face to face 2．Important sentences (1)…I’ve grown so crazy about everything to do with nature. (2)There was a time when … (3)I stayed awake on purpose until … (4)It was the first time … that I’d seen the night … (5)It’s no pleasure looking through … Purpose: 1．Master the required vocabulary and sentence structures. 2．Use them freely. Step 8 Consolidation 1．Find out the topic sentences 2．Retell the text according to the topic sentences Purpose: I want to know if my students understand the text. Step 9 Discussion Imagine you have to go into hiding like Anne and her family, what would you miss most? Giveyour reasons. Purpose: Train Ss’ oral English ability. Step 10 Homework Write an article on Friends. Purpose: 1． Improve the Ss’ writing ability. 2 Train the Ss’ ability of self—teaching and looking up information by themselves. Part 5 Blackboard design（說板書設計）Unit 1 Friendship Reading Anne’s Best Friend 1．Main idea of each paragraph: Para. 1 Anne made her diary her best friend. Para .2 Anne wrote her feelings in her diary. Para .3 Anne missed nature. Para.4 Anne saw the night face to face Para.5 Anne wanted to experience nature outdoors. 2．Listening: Exx.1 P3 3．Discussion: Exx.3 P3 Purpose: 1．Make Ss familiar with the passage 2．Make the design inductive, instructive and artistic.
人教版高中英語必修1English around the world說課稿
(3)v. 給：提出；展現，顯現present sb. with sth. ; present sth. to sb. 把. . 交給；頒發(fā)；授予present sth. (for sth. )/present sth. to sb. e. g. Om his birthday, his friends presented him a collection of stamps. 在他生日時，他的朋友們送給他一套郵票作為禮物。The sword was presented by the family to the museum. 這家人把寶劍捐贈給了博物館。The committee will present the final report to Parliament in June. 委員會將在六月向議會提交最后的報告。You need to present yourself better. 你需要更善于展現自己。It is essential that we present a united front. 至關重要的是我們要表現得更加團結。Step 4 ConsolidationT:Now that we have got a general idea of these words and phrases. Lets make up some sentences using them to master them. Suggested sentences:1. Your duties include typing letters and answering the telephone. 2. It is one of the greatest roles that she has played. 3. A large number of people have applied for the job. 4. The number of the panda is declining. 5. I'11 go there, even if I have to walk. 6. He came up to me to ask for a light. 7. The novel is about a family who can't communicate with each other. 8. He based his plan on interests of most people. 9. Why doesn't he make use of his singing talent?Step 5 Summary and homeworkT:Today we dealt with several new words and phrases. After class I hope that youcan read them again and again to keep them in mind. That's all for today. You aredismissed.
人教版高中英語必修1Nelson Mandela--A Modern Hero說課稿
In this step, give students a few minutes to read the passage . While they are reading, I will write some key words of the text on the blackboard. Then ask students to retell the passage according to the key words.By retelling, students can improve their ability of language organization and have an overall understanding of the article.Step 4 Group discussionIn this step, students will be divided into groups of 4 to discussion the following question: What qualities make a great person?After their discussion, invite a few groups to make a report to the class.This group discussion can practice students’ oral English and cultivate their abilities of cooperation and communication.Step 5. HomeworkLet students write a short passage to introduce a great person he or she admires.The homework can consolidate the knowledge the students have learned and cultivate their writing ability. Part 6 Blackboard Design（板書設計）That’s all my teaching procedures. Finally, I’d like to say sth about part 6 blackboard design. On the top is the title. On the left, there will be some new words and expressions. In the middle of the blackboard, I will write some useful sentence structures so that the students can know clearly what they’ve learned and then try to master the knowledge.OK. That’s all for my presentation. Thank you for your attention.
人教版高中英語必修2Cultural Relics說課稿2篇
Ⅲ. Analysis of the teaching material:The topic of this unit is cultural relics. Students are quite interested in topics about different cultures around the world. This is the second period of the whole unit. As a reading class, the passage mainly talks about the history of the amber room (how it was made, sent as a gift, lost and rebuilt).According to the new national curriculum, when teaching reading, much emphasis should be put on training the students’ reading skills.Ⅳ. Teaching objectives1. Language objectives:1) Students are required to master the key words and phrases occurred in the passage (e.g. amazing, decorate, belong, in return, less than etc.)2) Students are required to learn the attributive clause and acquire the sentence pattern.2. 1) Students are required to describe a certain thing by using the new sentence patterns.2) Students are required to master two kinds of reading skills—skimming and scanning, and learn to use them in their daily reading.3. 1) Students are required to know the history of the amber room.2) Students are required to appreciate cultural relics and understand the importance of protecting them.Ⅴ. Teaching important and difficult points1) the new words, phrases, and sentence pattern in the course of reading.2) Teaching difficult point: Help the students master two kinds of reading skills—skimmingand scanning and learn to apply them in daily use.Ⅵ. Teaching methods:Task-based method & Top-down model Ⅶ. Teaching aids: PPT, pictures, blackboard Ⅷ. Teaching procedure:
人教版高中英語必修2The Olympic Games說課稿2篇
Purpose of my design:To ask the students to do these two tasks will make the Ss predict the story of this passage. As a result, it will deepen Ss’ memory of this story because they will have their own understanding of this story.Step 3. While-readingTask 1. (Individual work _____min)Skimming: ask students to skim the text and the main ideas of each paragraph in this passage. Please read it quickly and then match the sentences with the letters.Task 2. (Individual work _____min)Scanning: read the text quickly and decide the whether the following statements are true or false and give reasons.Task 3. (Pair work _____min)Listen to the tape and fill in the banks. Then read the paragraph with expression to your partner.Task4 (individual work min)Listen to the tape again and write down the main idea in one sentence.Purpose of my design: Enable students to understand the given material better by using different reading skills. And proper competition can arouse the Ss’ interest in English learning. “Task-based” teaching method is used here todevelop the Ss’ ability of communication and also their ability of co-operation will be well trainedStep 4. Post-readingTask 1. (Individual work, pair work, group work, class work; _____min)Discussion (group of 4):1. If you were Hippomenes, would you run against Atlanta?2. Do you think Hippomenes deserved to win the race? Why or why not?Step 5. HomeworkPlease read the story again carefully after class and imagine: What will happen during the race between Hippomenes and Atlanta? Who do you think will win the race? Do you think Atlanta would marry Hippomenes? Write an end for the story with thses questions.Purpose of my design: Homework is so important and necessary for to master the knowledge they learned after class. It will check whether the Ss achieve the teaching aims.Part 5 Blackboard design
人教版高中英語必修4Women of achievement說課稿4篇
Good morning, distinguished judges:It’s my honor to talk about my teaching ideas with you. Today my topic is Women of Achievement. My presentation consists of six parts: the analysis of teaching material and student, teaching aims, key and difficult points, teaching and studying method, teaching procedures and blackboard design.First, let’s focus on the analysis of teaching material. This lesson is from New Senior English for China Student’s Book 4 Unit 1, the reading part. The main topic of the passage is the introduction of a student of Africanwildlife. After this lesson, the students will learn more information about her studying chimps in Africa, and their reading and speaking abilities can be developed as well.The next part is the analysis of students. My students are in senior high students. They have learnt English for many years, they’ve known many words and sentences, but their speaking and reading abilities are still not very good. So I will practice their speaking and reading abilities through different exercises.According to the New Standard Curriculum and the present situation, I set the teaching aims as follows: firstly, knowledge aims. Students can grasp some new words, such as worthwhile, move off. Moreover, students can understand the content of the passage and get familiar with the topic of studying chimps in wildlife. Secondly, ability aims. Students can use reading strategies such as skimming and scanning in reading process. Thirdly, emotional aims. Students can have the awareness of protecting animals and care about animals.Based on the above analysis, the key point of this lesson is to get the main idea and the detailed information from the passage; the difficult point is to talk about the wildlife protection and use reading strategies.
人教版高中英語必修5First aid說課稿6篇
In this class, I have 3 teaching aims, that is, knowledge aims, ability aims and emotion aims.1) Knowledge-Teach students new words and expressions, such as temporary, bleed,sprain choke, first aid, fall ill and so on.-Enable students to have a better understanding for some basic knowledge of first aid.2) Ability-Train students’ speaking, reading and writing abilities by different teaching activities, such as skimming, comprehending, team work, role play, retelling and writing.-Develop students’ reading strategy on how to move general idea to specific information.3) Emotion-Promote students’ awareness of giving first aid.- Cultivate students’ creativities.Then let’s come to my teaching methods and activities.III. Teaching methods and activities:To achieve different teaching aims, various kinds of teaching methods and activities will be adopted throughout this period, such as TBL (task-based learning), skimming, team work, brainstorm and others, which can offer students opportunities to fulfill tasks in which they can use language to achieve a specific outcome.IV. Teaching aids:Computer and blackboardV. Teaching important points:1) Make students have a clear mind for the structure of the text.2) Help students understand the theme of the text.VI. Teaching difficulties:1) So many new words may affect students’ understanding.2) How to get students to know about the functions of the skin and thecauses, characteristics and treatments for different degree burns,and the knowledge about giving first aid. VII. Blackboard design:
人教版高中英語必修5Making the news說課稿4篇
今天我們來介紹一下必修五第四單元的授課方式。這個單元的題目是Making the news。應該是學生比較感興趣的話題，學生往往對新聞工作充滿好奇，所以我們可以利用這個機會多設計一些師生互動和學生互動，來激發(fā)起學習的積極性，提高學習效率。同時我們可以利用這個單元不僅幫助學生掌握語言知識，培養(yǎng)語言能力，同時讓其了解新聞工作的重要性，培養(yǎng)起社會智能感。這個單元分為六個課時，它的教學目標是這樣的：語言目標是掌握詞匯表中的常用單詞和短語，掌握倒裝句的一些基本用法。 技能目標是能初步掌握約會的基本句型并在真實的場景下正確運用。新聞報道類文章的寫作技能。采訪的基本規(guī)范和溝通技能。情感目標是對新聞報道的客觀性和真實性有更好的理解。對新聞記者的職業(yè)有更深入的了解，并能體會其工作的重要性。下面我們來介紹一下第一課時的授課方式，第一課的教學目標是這樣的第一課時的教學目標語言目標:單詞：Occupation, journalist, editor, photographer, curious, personality, enthusiasm
