
The topic of this part is “Discover the reasons for festivals and celebrations.The Listening & Speaking & Talking part aims at talking about the experiences and feelings or emotions about the festivals and celebrations. This section aims at detecting the reason why the people celebrate the festivals, the time, the places, the types and the way of celebrations. It also explains why some traditions in the old celebrations are disappearing, like the firecrackers in the big cities and some new things are appearing like the prosperity of business or commerce. 1. Students can talk about what festivals they know and the reasons and the way of celebrating them.2. Students should learn the reading skills such as the headline and get the topic sentences, the structures of articles.3. Students can understand the past, the present situation of some festival around the world and why there are some changes about them. 4. Students can have the international awareness about the festivals.1. Students should learn the reading skills such as the headline and get the topic sentences, the structures of articles.2. Students can understand the past, the present situation of some festival around the world and why there are some changes about them.Step 1 Lead in---Small talkWhat festival do you like best ? Why ?I like the Spring Festivals because I can set off the fireworks, receive the lucky money and enjoy the Gala with my families.Step 2 Before reading---Pair workWhy do people celebrate different festivals ?The Spring Festivals is to celebrate the end of winter and the coming of spring and new life.The Mid-autumn Day is to celebrate the harvest and admire the moon.

The theme of this section is “Talk about festival activities and festival experiences”.Festival and holiday is a relaxing and interesting topic for students. This part talks about the topic from the daily life of students’. In the part A ---Listening and Speaking, there are three conversations among different speakers from three countries(Japan, Rio and China), where the speakers are participating in or going to participate in the festivals and celebrations. So listening for the relationship among them is a fundamental task. Actually, with the globalization and more international communication, it is normal for Chinese or foreigners to witness different festivals and celebrations in or out of China. In the Conversation 1, a foreign reporter is interviewing a Japanese young girl who just had participated in the ceremony of the Coming-of-Age Day on the street and asking her feeling about the ceremony and the afterwards activities. Conversation 2, Chinese girl Li Mei is witnessing the Rio Carnival for the first time, and her friend Carla gives her some advice on the costumes which enables her to match with the carnival to have a good time. Conversation 3, a Chinese guide is showing a group of foreign visitors around the Lantern Festival and introducing the customs of the festival to them. The three conversations have a strong vitality and insert the festival and cultural elements from different countries. So perceiving the festivals and cultures from different countries is the second task. At the same time, the scripts also insert the targeted grammar --- v-ing as attributive and predicative, which students can perceive and experience in a real context and make a road for the further study. That is the third task. In the Part B--- Listening and Talking, the theme is “Talk about festival experience”, which is the common topic in our daily conversations. During the conversation, Song Lin, a Chinese student, asked Canadian friend Max about how to spend Christmas. In the conversation, Song Lin talked about experience and the feelings during the Chinese Spring Festival, during which there are not only some enjoyable things but some unpleasant things. After the listening, perhaps students find there are some similarities between Christmas and the Chinese Spring Festival as there are some differences in the origins and celebrations. For example, people always visit friends and relatives, decorate their houses, have a big dinner together, chat and give presents to each other.

Step 3 Analyzing article structureActivity 31. Teachers raise questions to guide students to analyze the chapter structure of this diary and think about how to describe the festival experience. (1)What should be included in the opening/body/closing paragraph(s)?(2)How did the writer arrange his/her ideas?(3)What kind of interesting details did the writer describe?(4)How did the writer describe his/her feelings/emotions during the event?2. Students read and compare the three sentence patterns in activity 2. Try to rewrite the first paragraph of the diary with these three sentence patterns. After that, students exchange corrections with their partners. Such as:●This was my first time spending three days experiencing the Naadam Festival in China’s Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region and it was an enjoyable and exciting experience. ●I'll never forget my experience at the Naadam Festival because it was my first time to watch the exciting Mongolian games of horse racing, wrestling, and archery so closely. ●I'll always remember my first experience at the Naadam Festival in China’s Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region because it was so amazing to spend three days witnessing a grand Mongolian ceremony. Step 4 Accumulation of statementsActivity 41. Ask the students to read the diary again. Look for sentences that express feelings and emotions, especially those with the -ing form and the past participle. Such as:● …h(huán)orse racing, wrestling, and archery, which are all so exciting to watch. ● some amazing performances● I was surprised to see…● I was a little worried about. . . ● feeling really tiredOther emotional statements:●I absolutely enjoyed the archery, too, but the horse races were my favourite part. ●I'm finally back home now, feeling really tired, but celebrating Naadam with my friend was totally worth it. ●He invited me back for the winter to stay in a traditional Mongolian tent and cat hot pot. I can’t wait!2. In addition to the use of the -ing form and the past participle, the teacher should guide the students in the appreciation of these statements, ask them to memorize them, and encourage them to use them reasonably in writing practice.

The topic of this part is “Write about your festival experience”.During the Listening and Speaking and Talking, students are just asked to say out their festival experiences such as the Spring Festival, Mid-autumn Day, but this part students will be asked to write down their own festival experiences. During the reading part, it introduces the Naadam Festival in Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, which can give students a good example to imitate. Students not only learn the festival, but touch and feel the Inner Mongolian’s character, the spirit and cultural atmosphere, which can help students form the cultural awareness and learn to enjoy and value the diversity of Chinese culture.Concretely, the dairy tells the experience that the author spent the Naadam Festival in Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region with his/her friend. The structure is clear. In the opening paragraph, it introduces the topic of the Naadam Festival and the whole feeling. Then it introduces the items of the festival like the ceremony, wrestling and horse racing. Finally, it summarizes this experience. Because this part is a travel journal, we must guide students pay more attention to these details: 1. use the first person. 2. use the past tense to tell the past thing and use the present or future tense to describe the scenery. 3. use the timeline to tell the development. 4. be careful for the author’s psychology, emotion and feeling, etc.1. Read quickly to get main idea; read carefully to get the detailed information about Naadam Festival.2. Learn the structure of the reading article and language.3. Write an article about a festival experience4. Learn to use the psychology, emotions and feeling in the writing.1. Write an article about a festival experience.2. Use the structure of the reading article and language.

氣候變化對(duì)健康的影響 氣候變化對(duì)人體健康的不良影響是不難發(fā)現(xiàn)的:熱浪沖擊頻繁加重可致死亡率及某些疾病、特別是心臟呼吸系統(tǒng)疾病發(fā)病率增加;對(duì)氣候變化敏感的傳染性疾病如瘧疾和登革熱的傳播范圍可能增加。極端氣候事件, 如干旱、水災(zāi)、暴風(fēng)雨等, 使死亡率、傷殘率及傳染病疾病率上升, 并增加社會(huì)心理壓力。某些媒介疾病的加重也可能與氣候變化有間接的關(guān)系, 如瘧疾是通過蚊子傳播的疾病,氣候變化可能使某些變暖地區(qū)的蚊子數(shù)目增加, 從而加重了瘧疾的發(fā)生。我國(guó)1994年瘧疾的發(fā)病率為5.3408/10萬(wàn), 居全國(guó)法定傳染病的第六位。血吸蟲病的發(fā)展與高溫及灌溉系統(tǒng)的擴(kuò)增有關(guān)。我國(guó)1994年南方12省市血吸蟲病患者的檢出率高達(dá)3.67%,不能忽視氣候變化對(duì)此的可能影響。還有一些疾病,如睡眠病、登革熱、黑熱病等也有與氣候關(guān)系的報(bào)道。另外, CO2、一些空氣污染物如氮氧化物、臭氧等可增加過敏疾患及心臟呼吸系統(tǒng)疾病和死亡。

生:環(huán)境承載力是指環(huán)境能持續(xù)供養(yǎng)的人口數(shù)量。師:對(duì)了。但是有同學(xué)仍然會(huì)感到這是一個(gè)很抽象的概念。下面我們具體來(lái)了解什么是環(huán)境承載力。我們可以從兩個(gè)部分去理解:一、環(huán)境,它主要是指環(huán)境的單個(gè)要素(如:土地、水、氣候、植被等。)及其組合方式。二、是承載力,它指在特定的條件下,具體某事物能承受的某種活動(dòng)的最大值。那環(huán)境承載力的科學(xué)定義是怎樣表達(dá)的呢?生:環(huán)境承載力是指某一時(shí)期,某種狀態(tài)條件下,某地區(qū)環(huán)境所能承受的人類活動(dòng)作用的閾值。師:很對(duì)。 我們可以用一個(gè)生動(dòng)的例子來(lái)說明。一只木桶里面的水的多少在底面積固定不變的情況下是由哪塊木板來(lái)決定?生:最短的那塊。師:確實(shí)如此。這就是我們平常所講的 “木桶效應(yīng)”。那影響環(huán)境承載力的大小也是由環(huán)境個(gè)要素里面最緊缺的那個(gè)要素來(lái)決定的。下面我們用一個(gè)例子來(lái)印證一下。

[補(bǔ)充]:鄭州是特大城市,我們對(duì)燈火通明的夜晚都有深刻的體會(huì),我們都體會(huì)過光給他們帶來(lái)的好處,而對(duì)過多過亮的光帶來(lái)的危害則很少認(rèn)真地思考過,且光污染給都市人們和其他生物和環(huán)境帶來(lái)的不利影響也越來(lái)越大,所以,我在這兒給同學(xué)們補(bǔ)充光污染,目的是提醒他們要增強(qiáng)環(huán)保意識(shí),要理解城市在建設(shè)過程中要減少城市各類活動(dòng)對(duì)環(huán)境的污染;另外,隨著城市的不斷發(fā)展,還可能會(huì)產(chǎn)生新 的污染物。還培養(yǎng)了學(xué)生用發(fā)展的眼光來(lái)看世界。[思考]:如何降低城市化對(duì)地理環(huán)境產(chǎn)生的影響?[答]:發(fā)展生態(tài)城市,使人工環(huán)境和自然環(huán)境和諧統(tǒng)一起來(lái)。一方面在城市建設(shè)中,要發(fā)展低污染的節(jié)能建筑和綠色交通,減少城市各類活動(dòng)對(duì)環(huán)境的污染;另一方面使城市景觀盡可能地與山、河、湖、海、植被等自然景觀保持協(xié)調(diào),建立一種良性循環(huán)。

3.適用條件(1)萬(wàn)有引力定律只適用于質(zhì)點(diǎn)間引力大小的計(jì)算。當(dāng)兩物體間的距離遠(yuǎn)遠(yuǎn)大于每個(gè)物體的尺寸時(shí),物體可以看成質(zhì)點(diǎn),直接使用萬(wàn)有引力定律計(jì)算。(模型)研究相互接觸的兩個(gè)人之間的萬(wàn)有引力時(shí),不能把他們看作質(zhì)點(diǎn)。(2)當(dāng)兩物體是質(zhì)量均勻分布的球體時(shí),它們間的引力也可直接用公式計(jì)算,但式中的r是指兩球心間距離。研究太陽(yáng)和地球之間的萬(wàn)有引力,可以把它們看作質(zhì)量均勻的球體。當(dāng)研究物體不能看成質(zhì)點(diǎn)時(shí),可以把物體假想分割成無(wú)數(shù)個(gè)質(zhì)點(diǎn),求出兩個(gè)物體上每個(gè)質(zhì)點(diǎn)與另一物體上所有質(zhì)點(diǎn)的萬(wàn)有引力,然后求合力,這是微積分的思想。萬(wàn)有引力定律產(chǎn)生于對(duì)太陽(yáng)系行星運(yùn)動(dòng)的研究,但它對(duì)物質(zhì)運(yùn)動(dòng)的適用性卻要廣泛得多??梢赃@樣說,宇宙中凡有引力參與的一切復(fù)雜的現(xiàn)象,無(wú)不要?dú)w結(jié)到這樣一條十分簡(jiǎn)潔的定律之中,這不能不使人驚嘆宇宙萬(wàn)物超乎尋常的和諧及人類理性思考所具有的統(tǒng)攝力。

二、課堂教學(xué)(課前由科代表發(fā)回預(yù)習(xí)學(xué)案)1、教師根據(jù)預(yù)習(xí)學(xué)案檢查結(jié)果提出問題(用多媒體展示),引導(dǎo)全班討論(重點(diǎn)討論:①、為什么動(dòng)能的表達(dá)式一定是 mV2 ?你如何得出這個(gè)結(jié)論?②、力在一個(gè)過程中對(duì)物體所做的功,和物體在這個(gè)過程中動(dòng)能的變化量有什么關(guān)系?你如何得出這個(gè)結(jié)論?這個(gè)做功的力和F=ma中的力F有什么關(guān)系)。有困難的小組應(yīng)及時(shí)問老師。老師在這個(gè)過程中巡視指導(dǎo)。2、學(xué)生自主閱讀課文“7 動(dòng)能和動(dòng)能定理”中的“動(dòng)能的表達(dá)式”,然后完成如下練習(xí)(教師在此過程中巡視指導(dǎo)):2.1嘗試推出動(dòng)能的表達(dá)式(鼓勵(lì)會(huì)推導(dǎo)的同學(xué)積極上臺(tái)板演,老師引導(dǎo)討論)。2.2寫出動(dòng)能的小結(jié)(認(rèn)真閱讀教材p66倒數(shù)第二段、第三段,結(jié)合你推導(dǎo)動(dòng)能表達(dá)式的過程,認(rèn)真思考后四人一組討論:①、動(dòng)能是矢量還是標(biāo)量?②、動(dòng)能的單位是什么?③、你認(rèn)為應(yīng)從哪幾方面來(lái)理解動(dòng)能?)

世界能源問題的解決途徑是什么?能源,是人類敕以生存和進(jìn)行生產(chǎn)的不可缺少的資源.近年來(lái),隨著生產(chǎn)力的發(fā)展和能源消費(fèi)的增長(zhǎng).能源問題已被列為世界上研究的重大問題之一.解決世界能源問題的根本途徑,主要有兩個(gè)方面:其一是廣泛開源,其二是認(rèn)真節(jié)流.所謂開源,就是積極開發(fā)和利用各種能源.在繼續(xù)加緊石油勘探和尋找新的石油產(chǎn)地的同時(shí),積極開發(fā)豐富的煤炭資源,還要大力開發(fā)水能,生物能等常規(guī)能源,加強(qiáng)核能、太陽(yáng)能,風(fēng)能、沼氣,海洋能,地?zé)崮芤约捌渌鞣N新能源的研究和利用,從而不斷擴(kuò)大人類的能源資源的種類和來(lái)源.所謂節(jié)流,就是要大力提倡節(jié)約能源.節(jié)能是世界上許多國(guó)家關(guān)心和研究的重要課題,甚至有人把節(jié)能稱為世界的“第五大能源”,與煤、石油和天然氣、水能、核能等并列.在節(jié)能方面,在有計(jì)劃地控制人口增長(zhǎng)的同時(shí),重點(diǎn)要發(fā)揮先進(jìn)科學(xué)技術(shù)的優(yōu)勢(shì),提高各國(guó)的能源利用效率.

1、教師先演示投影:把小鋼珠放在黑墨水瓶蓋里轉(zhuǎn)一下(內(nèi)有一點(diǎn)點(diǎn)墨水),再放在半圓形有機(jī)玻璃軌道上運(yùn)動(dòng)并飛出,讓鋼珠在白紙上留下痕跡,同樣在3/5半圓周,4/5半圓周上運(yùn)動(dòng)飛出,讓學(xué)生猜測(cè)飛出方向由什么特點(diǎn)?(有機(jī)玻璃板說明:厚約5毫米,略小于小鋼珠直徑,圓弧半徑15厘米,MN邊稍長(zhǎng)些,以便過MN做直線,根據(jù)半徑大小確定圓心O位置。)學(xué)生猜想:切線方向師:已知圓弧半徑為15厘米。如何驗(yàn)證?請(qǐng)用幾何方法作圖驗(yàn)證。生:標(biāo)出飛出點(diǎn)和圓心,做圓心和飛出點(diǎn)的連線,用量角尺量出該連線和飛出軌跡直線的夾角,是否90度。2、再分組實(shí)驗(yàn),提醒同桌配合,小心鋼珠滾跑。實(shí)驗(yàn)完畢,要求作圖驗(yàn)證,并互相討論交流。3、交流和結(jié)論:師:要引導(dǎo)學(xué)生得出正確的科學(xué)結(jié)論:“圓周運(yùn)動(dòng)的物體的速度方向?yàn)樵擖c(diǎn)的切線方向”,而不能直接得出“曲線運(yùn)動(dòng)的的物體速度方向?yàn)樵擖c(diǎn)的切線方向”。

教學(xué)目標(biāo)㈠知識(shí)與技能1.要弄清實(shí)驗(yàn)?zāi)康?,本?shí)驗(yàn)為驗(yàn)證性實(shí)驗(yàn),目的是利用重物的自由下落驗(yàn)證機(jī)械能守恒定律。2.要明確實(shí)驗(yàn)原理,掌握實(shí)驗(yàn)的操作方法與技巧、學(xué)會(huì)實(shí)驗(yàn)數(shù)據(jù)的采集與處理,能夠進(jìn)行實(shí)驗(yàn)誤差的分析,從而使我們對(duì)機(jī)械能守恒定律的認(rèn)識(shí),不止停留在理論的推導(dǎo)上,而且還能夠通過親自操作和實(shí)際觀測(cè),從感性上增加認(rèn)識(shí),深化對(duì)機(jī)械能守恒定律的理解。3.要明確織帶選取及測(cè)量瞬時(shí)速度簡(jiǎn)單而準(zhǔn)確的方法。㈡過程與方法1.通過學(xué)生自主學(xué)習(xí),培養(yǎng)學(xué)生設(shè)計(jì)實(shí)驗(yàn)、采集數(shù)據(jù),處理數(shù)據(jù)及實(shí)驗(yàn)誤差分析的能力。2.通過同學(xué)們的親自操作和實(shí)際觀測(cè)掌握實(shí)驗(yàn)的方法與技巧。3.通過對(duì)紙帶的處理過程培養(yǎng)學(xué)生獲取信息、處理信息的能力,體會(huì)處理問題的方法,領(lǐng)悟如何間接測(cè)一些不能直接測(cè)量的物理量的方法。

(一)知識(shí)與技能1.理解重力勢(shì)能的概念,會(huì)用重力勢(shì)能的定義進(jìn)行計(jì)算。2.理解重力勢(shì)能的變化和重力做功的關(guān)系,知道重力做功與路徑無(wú)關(guān)。3.知道重力勢(shì)能的相對(duì)性,知道重力勢(shì)能是物體和地球系統(tǒng)共有的(二)過程與方法:用所學(xué)功的概念推導(dǎo)重力做功與路徑的關(guān)系,親身感受知識(shí)的建立過程(三)情感、態(tài)度與價(jià)值觀1.滲透從對(duì)生活中有關(guān)物理現(xiàn)象的觀察,得到物理結(jié)論的方法,激發(fā)和培養(yǎng)學(xué)生探索自然規(guī)律的興趣.2.培養(yǎng)學(xué)生遵守社會(huì)公德,防止高空墜物?!窘虒W(xué)重點(diǎn)】重力勢(shì)能的概念及重力做功跟物體重力勢(shì)能改變的關(guān)系。【教學(xué)難點(diǎn)】重力勢(shì)能的系統(tǒng)性和相對(duì)性?!窘虒W(xué)方法】啟發(fā)、引導(dǎo)、講練結(jié)合【教學(xué)過程】一、新課引入有句話是“搬起石頭砸自己的腳”,從物理的角度看待這一問題,搬起的石頭有了做功的本領(lǐng),它就具有了能,這種能我們稱為重力勢(shì)能。我們今天就來(lái)學(xué)習(xí)重力勢(shì)能。二、新課教學(xué)

一、學(xué)習(xí)任務(wù)分析1.教材的地位和作用在物理學(xué)中,能量并不是由功定義的。能量的概念是在人類追尋“運(yùn)動(dòng)中的守恒量是什么”的過程中發(fā)展起來(lái)的。能量概念之所以重要,就是因?yàn)樗且粋€(gè)守恒量。守恒關(guān)系是自然中十分重要的關(guān)系,從中學(xué)開始加強(qiáng)學(xué)生對(duì)守恒關(guān)系的認(rèn)識(shí)是有益的,因?yàn)樗菢O為重要的研究方向。根據(jù)這種認(rèn)識(shí),所以本節(jié)從追尋守恒量出發(fā)引入能量概念,為能量學(xué)習(xí)奠定了基礎(chǔ)并把這種物理思想滲透在能量學(xué)習(xí)的全過程。2.學(xué)習(xí)的主要任務(wù)“追尋守恒量”一節(jié),主要是使學(xué)生了解守恒思想的重要性。學(xué)生在學(xué)習(xí)本節(jié)課前已經(jīng)學(xué)習(xí)了能量的有關(guān)知識(shí),在過去的教學(xué)中,是先學(xué)習(xí)能量的概念,而后研究一兩個(gè)具體問題,發(fā)現(xiàn)動(dòng)能與勢(shì)能之和在某些過程中不變,由此引出機(jī)械能守恒定律?!皺C(jī)械能守恒”這個(gè)詞學(xué)生并不陌生,但是讓學(xué)生說出自己對(duì)它的認(rèn)識(shí)又不是一件容易的事。

(給出儀器后先讓學(xué)生思考如何設(shè)計(jì)實(shí)驗(yàn)、安裝儀器、設(shè)計(jì)實(shí)驗(yàn)步驟,而后教師總結(jié))實(shí)驗(yàn)步驟如下:①安裝調(diào)整斜槽 :用圖釘把白紙釘在豎直板上,在木板的左上角固定斜槽。②調(diào)整木板 :用懸掛在槽口的重錘線把木板調(diào)整到豎直方向,并使木板平面與小球下落的豎直面平行,然后把重錘線方向記錄到釘在木板上的白紙上,固定木板,使在重復(fù)實(shí)驗(yàn)的過程中,木板與斜槽的相對(duì)位置保持不變。③確定坐標(biāo)原點(diǎn):把小球放在槽口處,用鉛筆記下小球在槽口時(shí)球心在木板上的水平投影點(diǎn)O,O即為坐標(biāo)原點(diǎn)。④描繪運(yùn)動(dòng)軌跡 :用鉛筆的筆尖輕輕地靠在木板的平面上,不斷調(diào)整筆尖的位置,使從斜槽上滾下的小球正好碰到筆尖,然后就用鉛筆在該處白紙上點(diǎn)上一個(gè)黑點(diǎn),這就記下了小球球心所對(duì)應(yīng)的位置。保證小球每次從槽上開始滾下的位置都相同,用同樣的方法可找出小球平拋軌跡上的一系列位置。取下白紙,描繪小球做平拋運(yùn)動(dòng)的軌跡。

動(dòng)畫展示三個(gè)宇宙速度(四) 讓學(xué)生具有振興中華的使命感與責(zé)任感本節(jié)課的最后,播放了一段美國(guó)登月的視頻,讓學(xué)生發(fā)現(xiàn)一些奇妙的物理現(xiàn)象,引導(dǎo)學(xué)生發(fā)現(xiàn)月球的背景是什么顏色,宇航員行走的模樣等等,預(yù)計(jì)不久的將來(lái),哪個(gè)國(guó)家也將登上月球,同學(xué)們高呼“中國(guó)”,那么我們現(xiàn)在能做些什么呢,讓同學(xué)感想到:我們是祖國(guó)的未來(lái)的希望,現(xiàn)在需要努力學(xué)習(xí)科學(xué)文化知識(shí),將來(lái)為祖國(guó)的航天事業(yè)做貢獻(xiàn)。要培養(yǎng)學(xué)生堅(jiān)韌不撥、勇于探索、協(xié)力合作的科學(xué)精神以及嚴(yán)謹(jǐn)求實(shí)、謙虛謹(jǐn)慎、勇于質(zhì)疑科學(xué)態(tài)度;也要培養(yǎng)學(xué)習(xí)者熱愛科學(xué)、熱愛祖國(guó)的情感;努力學(xué)習(xí)、振興中華的責(zé)任感。這些策略在本案例中得到了體現(xiàn)。(五)練習(xí)反饋,拓展延伸:[例題1]“2003年10月15日9時(shí),我國(guó)神舟五號(hào)宇宙飛船在酒泉衛(wèi)星發(fā)射中心成功發(fā)射,把我國(guó)第一位航天員楊利偉送入太空。飛船繞地球飛行14圈后,于10月16日6時(shí)23分安全降落在內(nèi)蒙古主著陸場(chǎng)?!?/p>

《勻速圓周運(yùn)動(dòng)》為高中物理必修2第五章第4節(jié).它是學(xué)生在充分掌握了曲線運(yùn)動(dòng)的規(guī)律和曲線運(yùn)動(dòng)問題的處理方法后,接觸到的又一個(gè)美麗的曲線運(yùn)動(dòng),本節(jié)內(nèi)容作為該章節(jié)的重要部分,主要要向?qū)W生介紹描述圓周運(yùn)動(dòng)的幾個(gè)基本概念,為后繼的學(xué)習(xí)打下一個(gè)良好的基礎(chǔ)。人教版教材有一個(gè)的特點(diǎn)就是以實(shí)驗(yàn)事實(shí)為基礎(chǔ),讓學(xué)生得出感性認(rèn)識(shí),再通過理論分析總結(jié)出規(guī)律,從而形成理性認(rèn)識(shí)。教科書在列舉了生活中了一些圓周運(yùn)動(dòng)情景后,通過觀察自行車大齒輪、小齒輪、后輪的關(guān)聯(lián)轉(zhuǎn)動(dòng),提出了描述圓周運(yùn)動(dòng)的物體運(yùn)動(dòng)快慢的問題。二、教學(xué)目標(biāo)1.知識(shí)與技能①知道什么是圓周運(yùn)動(dòng)、什么是勻速圓周運(yùn)動(dòng)。理解線速度的概念;理解角速度和周期的概念,會(huì)用它們的公式進(jìn)行計(jì)算。②理解線速度、角速度、周期之間的關(guān)系:v=rω=2πr/T。③理解勻速圓周運(yùn)動(dòng)是變速運(yùn)動(dòng)。④能夠用勻速圓周運(yùn)動(dòng)的有關(guān)公式分析和解決具體情景中的問題。

(二)進(jìn)行新課1、動(dòng)能與勢(shì)能的相互轉(zhuǎn)化演示實(shí)驗(yàn)1:如右圖,用細(xì)線、小球、帶有標(biāo)尺的鐵架臺(tái)等做實(shí)驗(yàn)。把一個(gè)小球用細(xì)線懸掛起來(lái),把小球拉到一定高度的A點(diǎn),然后放開,小球在擺動(dòng)過程中,重力勢(shì)能和動(dòng)能相互轉(zhuǎn)化。我們看到,小球可以擺到跟A點(diǎn)等高的C點(diǎn),如圖甲。如果用尺子在某一點(diǎn)擋住細(xì)線,小球雖然不能擺到C點(diǎn),但擺到另一側(cè)時(shí),也能達(dá)到跟A點(diǎn)相同的高度,如圖乙。問題:這個(gè)小實(shí)驗(yàn)中,小球的受力情況如何?各個(gè)力的做功情況如何?這個(gè)小實(shí)驗(yàn)說明了什么?學(xué)生觀察演示實(shí)驗(yàn),思考問題,選出代表發(fā)表見解。小球在擺動(dòng)過程中受重力和繩的拉力作用。拉力和速度方向總垂直,對(duì)小球不做功;只有重力對(duì)小球能做功。實(shí)驗(yàn)證明,小球在擺動(dòng)過程中重力勢(shì)能和動(dòng)能在不斷轉(zhuǎn)化。在擺動(dòng)過程中,小球總能回到原來(lái)的高度??梢姡亓?shì)能和動(dòng)能的總和保持不變。即機(jī)械能保持不變。

一、描述圓周運(yùn)動(dòng)的物理量 探究交流 打籃球的同學(xué)可能玩過轉(zhuǎn)籃球,讓籃球在指尖旋轉(zhuǎn),展示自己的球技,如圖5-4-1所示.若籃球正繞指尖所在的豎直軸旋轉(zhuǎn),那么籃球上不同高度的各點(diǎn)的角速度相同嗎?線速度相同嗎? 【提示】 籃球上各點(diǎn)的角速度是相同的.但由于不同高度的各點(diǎn)轉(zhuǎn)動(dòng)時(shí)的圓心、半徑不同,由v=ωr可知不同高度的各點(diǎn)的線速度不同.

(2) 中國(guó)文人的悲秋情結(jié)。3.《荷塘月色》中,作者為什么要離開家來(lái)到荷塘散步?4. 思考:作者的心里為何“頗不寧?kù)o?”(教師補(bǔ)充:寫作背景)5. 出門散步后,作者的心情發(fā)生變化了嗎? 有怎樣的變化?6.思考討論:為什么作者說“我”與“地壇”間有著宿命般的緣分,二者有何相似之處?(閱讀1-5段)7.思考:作者從他同病相憐的“朋友“身上理解了怎樣的”意圖“?三、課堂總結(jié)李白說:“天地者,萬(wàn)物之逆旅也?!比松缤粓?chǎng)旅行,在人生的旅途中,時(shí)而高山,時(shí)而峽谷,時(shí)而坦途,時(shí)而歧路。我們或放歌,或悲哭,然而,大自然始終以其不變的姿勢(shì)深情地看著我們,而我們,也應(yīng)該學(xué)會(huì)在與自然的深情對(duì)望中,找到生命的契合。正如敬亭山之于李白,故都的秋之于郁達(dá)夫,荷塘月色之于朱自清,地壇之于史鐵生,他們從中或得到心靈的慰藉、精神的寄托,或得到生存的智慧與勇氣,最終完成精神的超脫。
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