
教學(xué)目標(biāo)知識(shí)目標(biāo):讓學(xué)生更好理解如何恰當(dāng)?shù)貙懸粋€(gè)人的信息介紹,并能讓學(xué)生熟練地使用一些寫作技能。能力目標(biāo):培養(yǎng)學(xué)生的寫作能力和團(tuán)隊(duì)協(xié)作能力。情感目標(biāo):提升學(xué)生對(duì)寫作的興趣。教學(xué)重難點(diǎn) 教學(xué)重點(diǎn):如何能讓學(xué)生更好地理解個(gè)人信息介紹。教學(xué)難點(diǎn):如何能讓學(xué)生通過適當(dāng)?shù)厥褂靡恍懽骷寄軄韺懸黄^好的個(gè)人信息介紹。教學(xué)準(zhǔn)備 多媒體、黑板、粉筆一、Pre-class1. Greetings2. Leading-inAsk students how to write a profile. What kinds of aspects should be included? The teacher asks students to discuss the topic with each other and put forward to much more ideas about the answer.二、While-class1. The teacher lets students to read the student profiles on Page 8 silently and then asks students to discuss the questions below.1. What is Ann like? How do you know?2. What are Thando’s hobbies?3. Where does Thando come from?4. What is Thando’s dream?5. What does “You will never see me without a book or a pen” mean?

【教材分析】The topic of this unit is about teenage life, which belongs to the theme context of “humans and oneself”.As teenagers who shoulder the responsibility of “Chinese great dream”, they must fully know themselves, including their strengths, weaknesses and challenges etc. They are supposed to improve themselves continuously and readily study their subjects, and thus foster their strategies and confidence in lifelong studies.This period is entitled the freshmen challenges, which mainly concerns some big challenges for new students in Senior high school. In this period, a teacher should lead students to find out what their challenges are and guide them to figure out how to crack the challenges and better themselves. More importantly, a teacher should instruct students to absorb new language points and appreciate the language. Besides, a teacher must instruct students to acquire some skills concerning reading efficiently and inspire them to talk more about their new school life, especially their new problems and solutions both at school and in life.【教學(xué)目標(biāo)與核心素養(yǎng)】1. Enable students to acquire the basic usage of the new words and expressions concerning the freshmen challenges and learn to use them flexibly.2. Enable students to have a good understanding of the freshmen challenges in the new senior high school which is quite different from junior middle school.3. Develop students’ sense of cooperative learning and individual thinking capability. 4. Develop students’ different learning skills to solve different reading comprehensive problems.

【教材分析】This teaching period mainly deals with reading for writing a letter of advice. Students are expected to learn the knowledge about how to write a suggestion letter. The teacher is expected to enable students to master some writing skills concerning suggestion letters and learn to write one.【教學(xué)目標(biāo)與核心素養(yǎng)】1. Get students to have a good understanding of how to write a suggestion letter properly.2. Enable students to use some writing skills flexibly.3. Develop students’ writing and cooperating abilities.4. Strengthen students’ great interest in writing discourses.【教學(xué)重難點(diǎn)】1. How to enable students to have a good understanding of the skills of writing a suggestion letter2.How to enable students to write a good recommendation letter using some writing skills properly.【教學(xué)過程】Step 1: Lead in Begin the class with the lead-in questions: how to write a letter for advice? What kinds of aspects should be included? It is strongly recommended that the teacher should ask students to discuss the topic freely with their partners and brainstorm some ideas concerning the topic. In this way, students can come up with more ideas and avoid being nervous at the beginning of the class.Step 2: Read to discover details concerning advice letters’ writing style.The teacher is expected to ask students to read a letter offering some advice on page 18 silently and then request students to discuss the questions below.

①標(biāo)題——標(biāo)題應(yīng)當(dāng)簡(jiǎn)潔明了。②導(dǎo)語——導(dǎo)語是消息開頭的第一段或第一句話,簡(jiǎn)明扼要地揭示出消息的核心內(nèi)容。③主體——主體是消息的主要部分,要用充足的事實(shí)表現(xiàn)主題,對(duì)導(dǎo)語的內(nèi)容作進(jìn)一步的展開和闡述。④結(jié)束語——通常是對(duì)全文內(nèi)容進(jìn)行概括性的總結(jié)。3. 新聞報(bào)道增分句子(1)陳述事實(shí)常用的句型:①A terrible storm hit/struck ... , killing ..②It was a cool autumn night when the earthquake happened. A large number of buildings fell down and roads were destroyed, leaving a great many people homeless.地震發(fā)生在一個(gè)涼爽的秋夜。大量的建筑物倒塌,道路被毀,許多人無家可歸。③With the help of the rescue team, people who were the trapped in the flood were saved.在救援隊(duì)的幫助下,困在洪水中的人們得救了。(2)陳述觀點(diǎn)常用的句型:①Clearly/Obviously/In my opinion/It seemed that people were shocked.顯然/在我看來/似乎人們震驚了。②The whole city was in ruins after the earthquake.地震后整個(gè)城市成了一片廢墟。(3)揭示原因常用的句型:Because of/As a result of/Thanks to the help of the army, people who got injured were sent to the hospital immediately.

【教材分析】This teaching period mainly deals with the grammar: the restrictive relative clauses.This period carries considerable significance to the cultivation of students’ writing competence and lays a solid foundation for the basic appreciation of language beauty. The teacher is expected to enable students to master this period thoroughly and consolidate the knowledge by doing some exercise of good quality.【教學(xué)目標(biāo)與核心素養(yǎng)】1. Get students to have a good understanding of the basic usages of the restrictive relative clauses.2. Enable students to use the restrictive relative clauses flexibly.3. Develop students’ speaking and cooperating abilities.4. Strengthen students’ great interest in grammar learning.【教學(xué)重難點(diǎn)】How to enable students to have a good understanding of the restrictive relative clauses, especially the uses of the relative words such as which, that, who, whom.【教學(xué)過程】Step1: 語法知識(shí)呈現(xiàn)定語從句(一)—關(guān)系代詞的用法在復(fù)合句中, 修飾名詞或代詞的從句叫定語從句。定語從句通常由關(guān)系代詞或關(guān)系副詞引導(dǎo),說明事物的具體信息,從句位于被修飾詞之后。被定語從句修飾的詞叫先行詞,引導(dǎo)定語從句的詞叫關(guān)系詞,關(guān)系詞指代先行詞,并在定語從句中充當(dāng)成分。關(guān)系詞有兩種:關(guān)系代詞who, whom ,whose, that, which, as和關(guān)系副詞when, where, why。

【教材分析】高考聽力材料的選用非常重視語言真實(shí)性和交際性的原則,語言材料一般來源于實(shí)際生活,對(duì)話的內(nèi)容大都取材于日常生活,即衣、食、住、行、工作、學(xué)習(xí)、天氣、生活環(huán)境等話題,可分為校園、公共場(chǎng)所、家庭等方面,如: shopping, finding the way, doing one’s homework, seeing a doctor, making a phone call, weather report, asking for different kinds of information等。新教材的特點(diǎn)就是利用生活中真實(shí)文本,只是降低難度,讓學(xué)生注重語言的應(yīng)用,將是我們高考把握方向的重要因素。【教學(xué)目標(biāo)與核心素養(yǎng)】學(xué)習(xí)能力目標(biāo):在聽力當(dāng)中,學(xué)生應(yīng)該有效規(guī)劃學(xué)習(xí)方法,選擇恰當(dāng)?shù)牟呗耘c方法。這節(jié)課的訓(xùn)練目標(biāo)是讓學(xué)生有正確的預(yù)測(cè)和抓住問題的關(guān)鍵信息,從而用心去聽來找尋關(guān)鍵信息。根據(jù)生活中實(shí)際情況和高考常見語境,我們不難發(fā)現(xiàn)提前預(yù)測(cè)和抓住題干中的w很重要,即what, where, when, why等等。

II Learn the technical terms-2.1. What can be used as “Subject, Object, Predicative, Direct Object, Indirect Object and objective complement” in a sentence?2. What can be used as “adverbial” in a sentence?3. What can be used as “verb” in a sentence?Answers to questions 1-3:1. Nouns, pronouns and appellations can be used as “Subject, Object, Predicative, Direct Object, Indirect Object and Objective Complement”. Besides, adjectives can be used as “Predicative and Objective Complement” in a sentence.2. Adverbs and prepositional phrases can be used as “Adverbial”.3. Verbs with actual meaning can be used as “Verb” in a sentence. Auxiliary verbs alone cannot be used as “Verb” in a sentence.III Learn to recognize the sentence structures.1. SV structure. For Example:(1) A bird flies.S V(2) A monkey jumps.S V(3) A fish swims.S V√ In SV structures, verbs are “intransitive verbs”.2. SVO structure. For Example:(1) A sheep eats grass.S V O(2) They like bananas.S V O(3) He wants candy.S V O√ In SVO structures, verbs are “transitive verbs”.3. SP structure. For Example:(1) This is great.S P (2) He looks well.S P (3) She became a teacher.S P √ In SP structures, Predicatives are formed by “l(fā)ink verbs” and “adjectives or nouns”.√ link verbs: be, become, grow, look, feel, taste, etc.4. SV IO DO structure. For Example:(1) He asked me a question.S V IO DO(2) Danny wrote me a letter.S V IO DO(3) Billy brought Sam a kite.S V IO DO√ In SV IO DO structures, the verbs are transitive and are followed by two objectives – pronouns or nouns as Indirect Objective, and nouns as Direct Objectives.

5. Read to get detailed information about Paragraph 5.Q1. What shows the revival of Tangshan?Q2. How can Tangshan revive itself and get up on its feet again?Q3. In times of disasters, how can we go through it?T: In times of disasters, we should unify, show the wisdom and stay positive.Step 4 Activity 4 Highlighting the theme and reflecting1. Make a summary of the text.2. Further understand the titleQ: After our learning, why do you think the earth didn’t sleep on that night?T: An earthquake happened. The people in the earthquake suffered a lot, and the people outside Tangshan were concerned about the people there a lot.3. Reflect through discussion on what can be learnt after reading.T: Disasters are powerful. Unpreparedness can be deadly. Life is weak, but if people work together to help each other, disasters can be defeated.There is no love from disaster, but we have love in the human heart.Step 5 Assignment How does the writer convey that the earthquake was deadly, and that people were helpless during the earthquake? Try to find some attractive and impressive expressions and note them down.

常跟雙賓語的動(dòng)詞有:(需借助to的)bring, ask, hand, offer, give, lend, send, show, teach, tell, write, pass, pay, promise, return等;基本句型 五S +V + O + OC(主+謂+賓+賓補(bǔ))特點(diǎn):動(dòng)詞雖然是及物動(dòng)詞,但是只跟一個(gè)賓語還不能表達(dá)完整的意思,必須加上一個(gè)補(bǔ)充成分來補(bǔ)足賓語,才能使意思完整。 判斷原則:能表達(dá)成—賓語 是…/做…注:此結(jié)構(gòu)由“主語+及物的謂語動(dòng)詞+賓語+賓語補(bǔ)足語”構(gòu)成。賓語與賓語補(bǔ)足語之間有邏輯上的主謂關(guān)系或主表關(guān)系,若無賓語補(bǔ)足語,則句意不夠完整??梢杂米鲑e補(bǔ)的有:名詞,形容詞,副詞,介詞短語,動(dòng)詞不定式,分詞等。如:He considers himself an expert on the subject.他認(rèn)為自己是這門學(xué)科的專家。We must keep our classroom clean.我們必須保持教室清潔。I had my bike stolen.我的自行車被偷了。We invited him to come to our school.我們邀請(qǐng)他來我們學(xué)校。I beg you to keep secret what we talked here.我求你對(duì)這里所談的話保密。用it做形式賓語,而將真正的賓語放到賓語補(bǔ)足語的后面,以使句子結(jié)構(gòu)平衡,是英語常用的句型結(jié)構(gòu)方式。即:主語+謂語+it+賓補(bǔ)+真正賓語。如:We think it a good idea to go climb the mountain this Sunday.

Step 2 New WordsUse ppt to show some words from the passage.Tell the students to remember the meanings.Step3 Skimming and Thinking1. Skim the text and decide which order Han Jing follows to talk about her first day. Time order or place order?Time order2. What is Han Jing worried about before she goes to senior high school?She is worried about whether she will make new friends and if no one talks to her, what she should do.Step 4 Fast Reading1. Match the main ideas with each paragraphParagraph 1:The worries about the new school day Paragraph 2Han Jing’s first maths classParagraph 3Han Jing’s first chemistry classParagraph 4Han Jing’s feelings about her first senior school dayStep 5 Careful Reading1. Fill in the chart with the words and phrases about Han Jing’s day. Answers: Senior high school, a little nervous; Her first maths class, classmates and teachers, friendly and helpful; Chemistry lab; new; great; annoying guy; Confident; a lot to explore2. Read the text again and discuss the questions.1) Why did Han Jing feel anxious before school?Because she was a new senior high student and she was not outgoing. What was more, she was worried about whether she can make friends.2) How was her first maths class?It was difficult but the teacher was kind and friendly. 3) What happened in the chemistry class? What would you do if this happened to you? A guy next to Han Jing tried to talk with her and she couldn’t concentrate on the experiment.

尊敬的各位老師:大家好!我說課的內(nèi)容是九年義務(wù)教育教科書[人教版]一年級(jí)數(shù)學(xué)上冊(cè)三單元第七節(jié)《0的認(rèn)識(shí)》。下面我從教材、學(xué)生、教法、學(xué)法、教學(xué)過程、板書、課后反思等幾個(gè)方面談?wù)剬?duì)本節(jié)課的理解和設(shè)計(jì)。 一、說教材 1、教材簡(jiǎn)析: 日常生活中經(jīng)常使用0,在不同場(chǎng)合,0往往有不同的意思。對(duì)此,教材有明確的要求。 (1)、著重教學(xué)“一個(gè)也沒有,可以用0表示”。讓學(xué)生在情景中體會(huì)0也是一個(gè)數(shù),它的產(chǎn)生也是計(jì)數(shù)的需要。 (2)、結(jié)合直尺教學(xué)0,0還可以表示起點(diǎn)。 (3)、讓學(xué)生體會(huì)0在生活中的廣泛應(yīng)用。 教材通過猴子吃桃的有趣情境引入,使學(xué)生直觀體會(huì)到什么都沒有可以用“0”來表示。接著利用直尺認(rèn)識(shí)“0”還可以表示起點(diǎn),并使學(xué)生進(jìn)一步熟悉了數(shù)的順序。在學(xué)習(xí)了“0”的書寫后,利用小鳥等動(dòng)物活動(dòng)圖學(xué)習(xí)有關(guān)“0”的加減法,使學(xué)生感受生活中的數(shù)學(xué),快樂學(xué)習(xí)。 2、學(xué)習(xí)目標(biāo): 這節(jié)課我和學(xué)生要達(dá)到的學(xué)習(xí)目標(biāo)是: (1)、通過觀察感知,讓學(xué)生知道0可以表示“沒有”,還可以表示“起點(diǎn)”,并且會(huì)給數(shù)排列順序。

一、教材分析義務(wù)教育課程標(biāo)準(zhǔn)實(shí)驗(yàn)教科書數(shù)學(xué)(人教版)一年級(jí)上冊(cè)第五單元,把8和9的認(rèn)識(shí)放在同一節(jié)課中完成,編排與前面6和7的認(rèn)識(shí)基本上一樣,只是要求更高。教材中提供給學(xué)生數(shù)數(shù)的資源雖不如6和7明顯,卻更豐富。提供給學(xué)生數(shù)數(shù)的對(duì)象是以“熱愛自然,保護(hù)環(huán)境”為主題的生動(dòng)畫面,其內(nèi)容有人、花、樹、花盆、蝴蝶、黑板上的字等。畫面除數(shù)數(shù)外,還體現(xiàn)了環(huán)保教育的主題。8和9的序數(shù)意義仍是采取6和7的編排方法,不同的是讓學(xué)生更具體地感受幾和第幾的意義的不同。基于以上分析,確定了以下教學(xué)目標(biāo):1.體會(huì)8和9的基數(shù)的含義。 2.了解8和9在自然數(shù)中的排列順序,會(huì)比較0~9各數(shù)的大小,知道8和9的序數(shù)含義。 3.培養(yǎng)學(xué)生初步的收集信息、處理信息的能力。 4.結(jié)合8和9的學(xué)習(xí),向?qū)W生滲透環(huán)保教育和勞動(dòng)教育。 教學(xué)重點(diǎn)、難點(diǎn):學(xué)會(huì)比較0—9各數(shù)的大小。

一、說教材1、教材內(nèi)容分析:本課是人教版1年級(jí)數(shù)學(xué)上冊(cè)第五單元的內(nèi)容。10的認(rèn)識(shí)的編排與前面8、9的認(rèn)識(shí)基本相同,先顯示一幅主題圖供學(xué)生數(shù)數(shù)抽象出數(shù)10,再認(rèn)識(shí)10、10以內(nèi)數(shù)的順序,比較相鄰兩個(gè)數(shù)的大小,最后學(xué)習(xí)10的組成和寫數(shù)。10的組成十分重要,它是今后學(xué)習(xí)20以內(nèi)進(jìn)位加法和進(jìn)一步認(rèn)識(shí)100以內(nèi)、萬以內(nèi)以及多位數(shù)的基礎(chǔ)。 2、教學(xué)目標(biāo): (1)引導(dǎo)學(xué)生經(jīng)歷認(rèn)識(shí)10的過程,初步建立10的數(shù)感。 (2)學(xué)會(huì)10的數(shù)數(shù)、認(rèn)數(shù)、讀數(shù)、寫數(shù)、比較大小和組成,對(duì)10的數(shù)概念獲得全面認(rèn)識(shí)和掌握。 (3)引導(dǎo)學(xué)生感受數(shù)10與實(shí)際生活的密切聯(lián)系,培養(yǎng)熱愛祖國、熱愛集體的情感。 3、教學(xué)重點(diǎn): 掌握10的數(shù)概念和10的組成,體驗(yàn)數(shù)學(xué)在身邊。 4、教學(xué)難點(diǎn): 熟練掌握10的組成。 5、教具、學(xué)具準(zhǔn)備: 多媒體課件、學(xué)具袋

(一)觀圖激趣、設(shè)疑導(dǎo)入 師:上一節(jié)我們已經(jīng)認(rèn)識(shí)了比例,知道兩個(gè)比怎樣才能組成比例,下面請(qǐng)同學(xué)們判斷一下下面各組的比能否組成比例。(1)0.4∶和1.2∶2 (2)和生1:根據(jù)比例的意義,第(1)題,這兩個(gè)比的比值相等,都是0.6,所以(1)題的兩個(gè)比能組成比例。生2:我來回答第(2)題,我也利用比例的意義,求出=5,=6,這兩個(gè)比的比值不相等,所以第(2)題的兩個(gè)比不能組成比例。師:這兩名同學(xué)回答的真好,有理有據(jù),讓我們?yōu)樗麄兊谋憩F(xiàn)鼓掌!師:今天這節(jié)課,我們將共同來學(xué)習(xí)用另一種方法來判斷兩個(gè)比能否組成比例,同學(xué)們想知道是什么方法嗎?生:想知道。師:那就是比例的基本性質(zhì)(板書課題:比例的基本性質(zhì))。【設(shè)計(jì)意圖】復(fù)習(xí)學(xué)生已有的知識(shí),喚醒學(xué)生已有學(xué)習(xí)經(jīng)驗(yàn),教師的提問吸引了學(xué)生的注意力,也引發(fā)學(xué)生的好奇心,為學(xué)習(xí)新知識(shí)開了一個(gè)好頭。

【教學(xué)過程】(一)觀圖激趣、設(shè)疑導(dǎo)入 出示課件的第一張幻燈片。1、成正比例的量有什么特征?2、正比例關(guān)系式。生1:兩種相關(guān)聯(lián)的量,一種量變化,另一種量也隨著變化。生2:兩種量中相對(duì)應(yīng)的兩個(gè)量的比值(商)一定。生3:=k(一定)。師:同學(xué)們非常棒!我們今天繼續(xù)學(xué)習(xí)兩種量的另外一種關(guān)系。 (板書:成反比例的量)【設(shè)計(jì)意圖】這種方法的導(dǎo)入,簡(jiǎn)簡(jiǎn)單單的一道練習(xí)題,把學(xué)生的注意力吸引到本節(jié)主要內(nèi)容上來,激起學(xué)生的好奇心,真的還有另外一種關(guān)系!我可得好好聽一聽。這樣在學(xué)習(xí)反比例時(shí)學(xué)生會(huì)始終保持高度的精神集中,有利于教師教學(xué)順利進(jìn)行。(二)探究新知教學(xué)例2,探究反比例的意義,理解成反比例的量。1、出示PPT課件回答問題。杯子的底面積與水的高度的變化情況如下表。 杯子的底面積/cm²1015203060…水的高度/cm302015105…觀察上表,回答下面的問題。(1)表中有哪兩種量?(2)水的高度是怎樣隨著杯子底面積的大小變化而變化的?(3)相對(duì)應(yīng)的杯子的底面積與水的高度的乘積分別是多少?生1:表中有杯子的底面積和水的高度這兩種量。生2:從表中可以看出:水的高度隨著杯子的底面積的變大而不斷變小,這兩種量是相關(guān)聯(lián)的兩種量。生3:我來回答(3),相對(duì)應(yīng)的杯子的底面積與水的高度的乘積分別是:10×30=15×20=20×15=30×10=60×5=…=300。生4:乘積一定。師:底面積與高的乘積表示的是什么?生:水的體積。(板書)師:你會(huì)算出水的體積嗎?生:會(huì)。(學(xué)生計(jì)算,教師出示課件訂正)2、揭示反比例的意義。師:積是300,實(shí)際就是倒入杯子的水的體積。同學(xué)們能用式子表示出它們的關(guān)系嗎?生:它們的關(guān)系是:底面積×高=體積。師:同學(xué)們,我們用概括正比例意義時(shí)的方法來概括一下反比例的意義吧!生:像這樣,兩種相關(guān)聯(lián)的量,一種量變化,另一種量也隨著變化,如果這兩種量中相對(duì)應(yīng)的兩個(gè)數(shù)的乘積一定,這兩種量就叫做成反比例的量,它們的關(guān)系叫做反比例關(guān)系。(板書反比例的意義)3、用字母表示反比例關(guān)系:xy=k(一定)。(板書)4、牛刀小試。鍋爐房燒煤的天數(shù)與每天燒煤的噸數(shù)如下表: 每天燒煤的噸數(shù)/噸11.522.53燒煤的天數(shù)/天3020151210(1)表中有哪兩種量?它們是不是相關(guān)聯(lián)的量?(2)寫出幾組這兩種量中相對(duì)應(yīng)的兩個(gè)數(shù)的積,并比較大小,說一說這個(gè)積表示什么。(3)燒煤的天數(shù)與每天燒煤的噸數(shù)成反比例嗎?為什么?【參考答案】 (1)每天燒煤的噸數(shù)和燒煤的天數(shù),是相關(guān)聯(lián)的量?!?2)1×30=30 1.5×20=30 2×15=30 2.5×12=30 3×10=30 積相等,這個(gè)積表示這批煤的總噸數(shù)?!?3)成反比例,因?yàn)闊旱奶鞌?shù)與每天燒煤的噸數(shù)的積一定。【設(shè)計(jì)意圖】學(xué)生通過觀察、發(fā)現(xiàn)、概括經(jīng)歷了整個(gè)學(xué)習(xí)過程,逐步形成定向思維方式,為學(xué)會(huì)學(xué)習(xí)打好基礎(chǔ)。

在美國歷史上,很少有像胡佛那樣受到老百姓諷刺、憎惡的總統(tǒng)。用破鐵罐、紙板和粗麻布搭起來的棚戶叫做“胡佛村”,手里提著的裝破爛的口袋叫做“胡佛袋”,鄉(xiāng)下的貧民把破汽車前部鋸掉,套上骨瘦如柴的騾子,叫做“胡佛車” ,在公園長凳上躺著過夜的人用舊報(bào)紙裹身取暖,叫做“胡佛毯”,衣袋翻過來,一個(gè)錢也找不到,叫做“胡佛旗”,野兔被饑餓的農(nóng)民抓來吃,叫做“胡佛豬”。雜耍演員插科打諢說:“什么?生意好起來了嗎,你的意思是說胡佛死了吧。”★教學(xué)反思:本課內(nèi)容比較條理清楚,旨在說明羅斯福新政實(shí)施的背景。備課時(shí)考慮將課文順序進(jìn)行一下調(diào)整,使學(xué)生能從較直觀的危機(jī)的現(xiàn)象進(jìn)入本課,較易激發(fā)學(xué)生的興趣,再來分析原因?qū)W生也就比較容易接受。在分析原因時(shí)通過材料和課文的閱讀,使學(xué)生自己通過思考逐步得出結(jié)論。而關(guān)于胡佛政府的措施的講述,及問題的提出則可讓學(xué)生先進(jìn)行預(yù)習(xí),為下一課進(jìn)入羅斯福新政的學(xué)習(xí)做好準(zhǔn)備。多媒體課件的應(yīng)用也能使教學(xué)活動(dòng)順利流暢的進(jìn)行。

注:號(hào)碼代表自然帶類型【討論問題】(1)請(qǐng)將板圖中符號(hào)與你所在的自然帶“對(duì)號(hào)入座”(提問幾位同學(xué))。(2)哪些屬于溫帶森林?哪些屬于熱帶森林?(3)南半球缺少哪些自然帶?(4)氣 候類型相同而自然帶不同的是哪種氣候類型,哪些自然帶?(5)自然帶相同,氣候類型不同的是哪種自然帶,哪些氣候類型?(6)兩組同學(xué)“通道”之間所處的是什么自然帶?(答:過渡帶,說明自然帶沒有嚴(yán)格界線,整個(gè)自然界是非常和諧地過渡、相互聯(lián)系結(jié)成的有機(jī)整體)?!痉配浵衿俊陡髯匀粠Ь坝^》,看一段錄像增加感性認(rèn)識(shí)(教師可以使用自己編輯的錄像資料)?!緦W(xué)生討論】閱讀課本P98“世界陸地自然帶分布圖”了解自然 帶的基本分布情況:【學(xué)生回答】略?!窘處熆偨Y(jié)】

1.生產(chǎn)功能:合成有機(jī)物的能力2.平衡功能:使自然地理要素的性質(zhì)保持穩(wěn)定的能力【教師講解】生產(chǎn)功能主要依賴于光合作用。在光合作用過程中,植物提供葉綠素,大氣提供熱量和二氧化碳,土壤及水圈、巖石圈提供水分及無機(jī)鹽。光合作用通過物質(zhì)和能量的交換,將生物、大氣、水、土壤、巖石等地理要素統(tǒng)一在一起,在一定的條件下,生產(chǎn)出有機(jī)物。由此可見,生產(chǎn)功能是自然環(huán)境的整體功能而非單個(gè)地理要素的功能。大氣本身不具有減緩二氧化碳增加的功能,但是,在自然地理環(huán)境中,通過各地理要素的相互作用,卻能消除部分新增的二氧化碳的能力,既為自然地理環(huán)境的平衡功能。請(qǐng)大家閱讀教材P94活動(dòng),利用平衡功能的原理,解釋一定范圍內(nèi)各物種的數(shù)量基本恒定這一現(xiàn)象?!緦W(xué)生討論回答】略。(可參考教參)【轉(zhuǎn)折】自然地理環(huán)境各要素每時(shí)每刻都在演化,如我們熟知的氣候變化、地貌變化等。各個(gè)要素的發(fā)展演化是統(tǒng)一的,一個(gè)要素的演化伴隨著其他各個(gè)要素的演化。

(1)下面列出的是我國南北方傳統(tǒng)民居的差異,分析形成這些差異的自然原因:——北方民居正南正北的方位觀比南方強(qiáng);——北方民居的墻體嚴(yán)實(shí)厚重,南方民居的墻體輕?。弧獜谋钡侥希窬拥奈蓓斊露戎饾u增大,房檐逐漸加寬,房屋進(jìn)深和高度逐漸加大。(2)下面列出的是我國南北方城市住宅摟的差異,分析導(dǎo)致這些差異的自然原因:——如果不考慮地價(jià)、建筑材料等因素,建同等面積的住房,北方的建筑成本比南方高 ;——建同樣高度的多幢樓房,北方樓房的南北間距比南方大。點(diǎn)撥:本活動(dòng)要求學(xué)生了解由于地理環(huán)境的差異造成南北方建筑物特點(diǎn)的不同,并由此認(rèn)識(shí)地理環(huán)境 差異對(duì)人們生活的影響。(1)比較而言,北方的冬季寒冷而漫長,南方的夏季濕熱而漫長。為了在冬季充分利用太陽光照和熱量,北方民居正南正北的方位觀比南方強(qiáng)。北方民居的墻體嚴(yán)實(shí)厚重,利用在冬季保溫御寒;南方民居的墻體輕薄,利于在夏季通風(fēng)透氣。從北到南,年降水量逐漸增大,民居的屋頂坡度也逐漸增大(利于排水) ;隨著對(duì)保溫要求的降低和對(duì)通風(fēng)納涼要求的提高,民居的屋檐逐漸加寬,房屋進(jìn)深和高度逐漸加大。

【導(dǎo)入新課】一位在青藏高原上跋涉的旅行者,途中休息時(shí)從路邊巖層中隨手拿起一塊小石 頭玩賞時(shí)受小石子的紋路的吸引,他不禁仔細(xì)觀瞧,吃驚地發(fā)現(xiàn)這竟是一個(gè)古代海洋生物化石!近年來,人們?cè)谂_(tái)灣海 峽海底某些地方發(fā)現(xiàn)有古代森林的遺跡。這些發(fā)現(xiàn)告訴我們什么? 【學(xué)生討論回答】略。 【教師總結(jié)概括】地殼和宇宙間一切物質(zhì)一樣,處在不停的運(yùn)動(dòng)變化之中。那么地表千姿百態(tài)的形態(tài)是如何營造的呢?這就是我們這節(jié)課要解決的課題【板書】第四章:地表形態(tài)的塑造 第一節(jié):營造地表形態(tài)的力量【提問】哪位同學(xué)能夠例舉營造地表形態(tài)的力量改變地表面貌的實(shí)例? (學(xué)生討論、回答問題。教師在副板書上一一記錄。) 【過渡】營造地表形態(tài)的力量具體劃分有很多種,但歸納起來看可以劃分為兩種,即內(nèi)力作用和外力作用,首先我們來看一下內(nèi)力作用.【板書】一、內(nèi)力作用 【指導(dǎo)讀書】請(qǐng)大家閱讀教材P74第一段和案例1,思考:
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