
三、想象畫面,把握意境1.指導想象學習陶淵明的《歸園田居》我們腦海中自然會出現一幅幅的畫面,比如他歸家后的生活場景,我們會想象“榆柳”是如何遮蔽房屋的,而“桃李”又是如何摘種在房前的。我們會想象村落是如何在薄霧中若隱若現的,想象炊煙是如何裊裊升起的?!渡娼绍饺亍芬辉娭挥?句話,更需要我們展開想象,去構畫場景,這樣才能深入詩歌,體會到詩歌的味道。2.學生想象要求學生閉目想象1分鐘。3.學生展示想象結果(抽三四個學生回答即可)4.老師指導糾正學生想象不合理之處。要注意的地方:“江”可能學生會想象成小溪流、小池塘?!疤m澤”可能學生理解成“湖泊”。注意字詞“還顧”“漫浩浩”中隱含的情感,注意“離居”中流露的愁怨。5.時間允許的話,老師讀自己的下水作文。

一個世紀前,一位了不起的美國人簽署了奴隸解放宣言,而我們今天就站在他的塑像下面。對于千千萬萬身受不公正待遇之苦的黑奴來說,這份劃時代的文件,是一座光芒萬丈的希望燈塔,是結束他們被束縛之漫漫長夜的快樂黎明。我有一個夢,有朝一日在喬治亞州的丘陵地帶,奴隸的后代與奴隸主的后代,將能夠兄弟般地相處。我有一個夢,有朝一日甚至密西西比州,這個充滿不平與壓迫的州,將轉化成一片自由與公正的綠洲。我有一個夢,我的四個孩子,有朝一日將可以生活在這樣一個國度里:在此人們不是根據他們的膚色,而是根據他們的品行來衡量他們。我今天有一個夢!我有一個夢,有朝一日在阿拉巴馬州,盡管目前有許多惡毒的種族主義者,盡管州長叫嚷著要與聯(lián)邦政府對抗,有朝一日在阿拉巴馬州,黑人孩子與白人孩子將會像兄弟姊妹那樣親密無間。

四、品味詩歌藝術1、詩人是如何表現其品質的?運用了什么修辭手法?產生了怎樣的表達效果?明確:詩句“扈江離與辟芷兮,紉秋蘭以為佩”很好地體現了詩人光輝俊潔的人格。用“江離”“辟芷”“秋蘭”三種香草來裝飾自己,比喻自己,極其生動形象地表現了詩人自己美好的精神世界,使詩歌充滿了浪漫主義氣息。2、《離騷》中作者常以“香草”、“美物”來比喻自己、賢士和君王,并表達政治理想,這是《離騷》的一大藝術特色,這種方法叫做“移情法”,即不直接說出自己想說的話,而是把它寄寓于某一物上,也就是“移情于物”,這種方法在古典詩詞中廣泛運用,在政治不清明的時代,借用“移情”,可言難言之語,抒難抒之情。請找出相關的詩句,說說詩人是怎樣運用這些比喻來表達政治理想的。

教學過程:一、導語毛澤東在《沁園春雪》俯視封建君王“惜秦皇漢武。。。只識彎弓射大雕?!钡绻麣v史上只有一個人可以與他相提并論,這個人只能是魏武帝曹操?!皾L滾長江東逝水,浪花淘盡英雄。是非成敗轉頭空,青山依舊在,幾度夕陽紅?!保ā度龂萘x》卷首詞)在歷史的大浪淘沙中,有多少英雄能夠經得起歷史的千淘萬漉而流芳百世呢?曹操應該是三國時代留下了濃重一筆的人物。老師總結,并啟發(fā)他們去聯(lián)系:我們學過他的《觀滄?!贰皷|臨碣石,以觀滄?!边€有《龜雖壽》“神龜雖壽,猷有竟時。老驥伏櫪,志在千里;烈士暮年,壯心不已?!薄肚嗝分鬄⒄撚⑿邸分性退娺^,《三國演義》電視劇播出后,大家和他也就頻頻見面了?!度龂萘x》第48回“宴長江曹操賦詩”中,赤壁之戰(zhàn)前夕,曹操和眾部將一起狂飲,他四顧空闊,心中大喜,與諸將講述自己希望收服江南的雄心壯志。

9、在樂曲終了之后,詩人以“東船西舫悄無言,唯見江心秋月白”兩句結尾,這兩句作用如何?明確:詩人沒有直接寫聽者的熱烈反響以說明琵琶女技藝非凡和樂聲的感人至深,否則過于直白就不含蓄,不含蓄也就顯不出深沉了。用“東船西舫悄無言”的寂靜無聲,反襯“有聲”的音樂效果,可謂“此時無聲勝有聲”了。人們無聲地沉浸、陶醉在藝術的享受之中,那深深打動人的樂聲仿佛繚繞迂回耳際,不由得使詩人想到了自己浩茫的心事,引起情緒上的波瀾。在這片刻的沉寂中,只見一輪迷蒙的冷月蕩漾在江心的微波之中,它提醒詩人從樂聲中回到現實中來。這句景物描寫點染烘托了濃重的氛圍,與復雜的樂聲融為一體,共同表現了琵琶女與詩人息息相通的復雜情感,是那么的憂憤、哀怨凄楚、蒼涼,給整個音樂形象補足了畫龍點睛之筆。

結合歷史自古以來,江山美人歷來都是引無數英雄豪杰競折腰的,如果說英雄選擇了美人卻丟了江山,把所有罪名都歸結于“女人是禍水”。但是,紂王無道,和有了妲己有必然的聯(lián)系嗎?有人說妲己壞透了,壞透了的妲己如果不是取得紂王的信任是壞不起來的,紂王聽信了妲己的讒言,聽與不聽決定權在紂王,而不在妲己。強勢永遠在紂王一邊。再來看看西施和楊貴妃:西施是作為越國貢獻給吳國的供品來到吳王夫差的身邊的,楊貴妃更是先是李隆基的兒媳婦被看中而得寵的。所以,西施和楊貴妃這兩個可憐的女人根本沒有自己的獨立選擇,沒有獨立的愛情,如果沒有西施,就會有南施,或北施;如果沒有楊貴妃,就會有李貴妃,王貴妃,總之什么施,什么妃是不能少的,因為那是吳王和李隆基的需要。

小結人們對待祥林嫂這個“嫁而再寡”的不幸女人態(tài)度:①、魯四老爺的態(tài)度:不讓她干祭祀的活(71、73、75、108通過四嬸先后三喊“你放著罷”,殺人不見血地葬送了祥林嫂的性命。而其中尤以最后一次對其打擊最大)。魯四老爺站在頑固維護封建宗法制度的立場上,從精神上殘酷地虐殺她。他暗暗地告誡四嬸的那段話,就是置祥林嫂于死地而又不露一絲血痕的軟刀子。②、魯四嬸的態(tài)度:魯四嬸是“大戶人家的太太”,頭一次留祥林嫂是看她能干,祥林嫂被婆家綁架走以后,她害怕給自己家惹麻煩。之后她惦念祥林嫂不是因為關心她的命運,而是自己的傭人都沒有祥林嫂那樣可心。以后祥林嫂再來,她“起初還躊躕”,后來倒是真心憐憫祥林嫂,留下她。但是祥林嫂不像過去那樣靈活能干了,四嬸開始“不滿”,進而“警告”,最后把祥林嫂趕出家門。可以說,四嬸只是把祥林嫂當成一件工具罷了,沒有把她當人來看。

【教學目標】1.熟讀全文,掌握文中出現的重要的實詞、虛詞、古漢語句式;2.鑒賞本文融情于事的表達和形象精粹的語言;3.深入體會文章凄切婉轉的陳情技巧?!窘虒W重點】重要的古漢語語詞知識【教學難點】理解作者當時的處境和李密祖孫間真摯深厚的感情【教學方法】作為教讀課,選擇串講的方式,突出朗讀,以期能做到既落實知識,又能體會文章之美。課時安排為兩課時。要重點做好預習工作?!窘虒W步驟】一、以蘇軾的評論導入讀《出師表》不下淚者,其人必不忠;讀《陳情表》不下淚者,其人必不孝;讀《祭十二郎文》不下淚者,其人必不友二、預習檢測1、下列紅色字注音完全正確的一項()A、臣以險釁(xìn)夙遭閔(mǐn)兇終鮮(xiǎn)兄弟常在床蓐(rù)B、猥(wěi)以微賤責臣逋(bǔ)慢猶蒙衿(jīn)育寵命優(yōu)渥(wò)C、豈敢盤桓(huán)有所希冀(yì)日?。╞ó)西山除臣洗(xiǎn)馬D、逮(dǎi)奉圣朝過蒙拔擢(zhuó)門衰祚(zuò)薄更(gēng)相為命分析:B責臣逋(bū)慢,C有所希冀(jì),D逮(dài)奉圣朝。

【備課資料】百團大戰(zhàn)八路軍從8月20日起,在華北敵后出動105個團,約40萬兵力,在2500公里長的戰(zhàn)線上,發(fā)動了規(guī)模最大的“以徹底破壞正太路若干要隘,消滅部分敵人截斷該線交通”為目的的舉世聞名的“百團大戰(zhàn)”。八路軍提出“不留一根鐵軌、不留一根枕木、不留一個車站、不留一個碉堡、不留一座橋梁”的口號,“讓敵人用腳同我們賽跑”,“讓敵人用牛驢搬炮彈、飛機大炮”。八路軍展開攻堅戰(zhàn),端掉敵一系列據點。據有關資料記載,從8月20日到12月5日,在歷時三個半月的“百四大戰(zhàn)”中,我軍共進行大小戰(zhàn)斗1824次,斃傷日偽軍25800余人,俘日偽軍18600余人,繳獲了大批武器、彈藥和軍用食品等;破壞鐵路470多公里,公路1500多公里,橋梁、車站、隧道等260余處,使正太鐵路停運月余;攻克日偽據點2993個,鞏固和擴大了抗日軍民占領區(qū)。

1.知識與能力:(1)通過引導學生分析鑒賞19世紀以來有代表性的音樂與美術作品,了解這些作品產生的時代背景及其藝術價值。(2)通過分析世界藝術產生的歷史背景,可以幫助學生正確認識人類文化的多樣性、時代性和民族性,培養(yǎng)學生結合歷史背景分析歷史問題的能力。(3)通過對19世紀以來的音樂與美術史實的分析、綜合、比較、歸納、概括等認知活動,培養(yǎng)歷史思維和解決問題的能力。2.過程與方法:(1)讓學生在搜集資料、自主探究、合作交流過程中,發(fā)展學生在社會中學習、網絡學習、終身學習的能力。(2)通過上網了解藝術大師及分析鑒賞其各類美術、音樂作品,感受其藝術價值。 (3)思維方法:學會知識遷移,在從感知歷史到不斷積累歷史知識,進而不斷加深對歷史和現實的理解過程中,提高分析理解問題能力。學會善于從不同的角度發(fā)現問題,積極探索解決問題的方法,從而做到論從史出、史論結合。

教材分析改革開放后我國的綜合國力不斷增強,人民對祖國統(tǒng)一的愿望越來越迫切。本節(jié)課以“一國兩制”構想的提出,香港、澳門的回歸和海峽兩岸關系的發(fā)展為中心,說明實現祖國統(tǒng)一,完成中華民族復興是歷史發(fā)展的必然。第一目“‘一國兩制’構想的提出”主要講述了“一國兩制”的含義及歷史意義。第二目“香港、澳門的回歸”著重講述了香港回歸、澳門回歸的經過及歷史意義,這是“一國兩制”成功的實踐。第三目“海峽兩岸關系的發(fā)展”講述了大陸注重發(fā)展與臺灣的關系,促進海峽兩岸的經濟文化交流與合作,打破了幾十年來海峽兩岸的隔絕狀態(tài),促進了祖國統(tǒng)一的進程。此外,教材還通過“資料回放”“歷史縱橫”“學思之窗”等欄目,為學生學習提供了一些詳細的史料。在教學中要分析圖表資料,引導學生理解完成祖國統(tǒng)一大業(yè),實現中華民族的復興,是任何人也阻擋不了的歷史潮流。

(2)根據材料二與所學知識,從經濟、政治、思想文化三個方面,分析歐洲近代科技迅速發(fā)展的原因。答:資本主義工商業(yè)的成長刺激了對技術的需求,為近代科技的發(fā)展提供了工具和手段;資產階級革命為資本主義發(fā)展、科技進步開辟了道路;人文主義和理性精神解放了思想,推動近代科技迅速發(fā)展。(如答出其它原因,言之有理,可酌情加分,但不得超過該問總分)(3)根據材料二三與所學知識,分析清代(鴉片戰(zhàn)爭前)中國科技發(fā)展停滯的原因。答:君主專制維系腐朽制度;重農抑商、閉關政策阻礙資本主義萌芽發(fā)展;自然經濟不能提供近代科技發(fā)展的物質基礎;文化專制政策(或崇尚理學、八股取士、文字獄等)禁錮思想,摧殘人才,阻礙科技發(fā)展。(如答出其它原因,言之有理,可酌情加分,但不得超過該問總分。)(4)簡述從中西方科技發(fā)展變化的歷史中得到的啟示。答:評分說明:圍繞生產力發(fā)展,政治經濟變革、思想解放與科技發(fā)展的關系等任一角度回答,言之有理,均可酌情賦分

二、程朱理學:1、宋代“理學”的產生:(1)含義:所謂“理學”,就是用“理學”一詞來指明當時兩宋時期所呈現出來的儒學。廣義的理學,泛指以討論天道問題為中心的整個哲學思潮,包括各種不同的學派;狹義的理學,專指程顥、程頤、朱熹為代表的,以“理”為最高范疇的學說,稱為“程朱理學”。理學是北宋政治、社會、經濟發(fā)展的理論表現,是中國古代哲學長期發(fā)展的結果,是批判佛、道學說的產物。他們把“理”或“天理”視作哲學的最高范疇,認為理無所不在,不生不滅,不僅是世界的本原,也是社會生活的最高準則。在窮理方法上,程顥“主靜”,強調“正心誠意”;程頤“主敬”,強調“格物致知”。在人性論上,二程主張“去人欲,存天理”,并深入闡釋這一觀點使之更加系統(tǒng)化。二程學說的出現,標志著宋代“理學”思想體系的正式形成?!竞献魈骄俊克未袄韺W”興起的社會條件:

【教材分析】This teaching period mainly deals with reading for writing a letter of advice. Students are expected to learn the knowledge about how to write a suggestion letter. The teacher is expected to enable students to master some writing skills concerning suggestion letters and learn to write one.【教學目標與核心素養(yǎng)】1. Get students to have a good understanding of how to write a suggestion letter properly.2. Enable students to use some writing skills flexibly.3. Develop students’ writing and cooperating abilities.4. Strengthen students’ great interest in writing discourses.【教學重難點】1. How to enable students to have a good understanding of the skills of writing a suggestion letter2.How to enable students to write a good recommendation letter using some writing skills properly.【教學過程】Step 1: Lead in Begin the class with the lead-in questions: how to write a letter for advice? What kinds of aspects should be included? It is strongly recommended that the teacher should ask students to discuss the topic freely with their partners and brainstorm some ideas concerning the topic. In this way, students can come up with more ideas and avoid being nervous at the beginning of the class.Step 2: Read to discover details concerning advice letters’ writing style.The teacher is expected to ask students to read a letter offering some advice on page 18 silently and then request students to discuss the questions below.

Is there a clear purpose for the trip? :Does each paragraph have a clear main idea? Does the writer use the present continuous tense for future plans?Does the writer use commas, stops, and question marks correctly? Are all the words spelt correctly?Are all the proper nouns capitalized?Revise your draft according to your partner's comments.Step 5:The summary of how to write a travel plan.旅游計劃是一種常見的應用文寫作。旅游可分為觀光游、文化游、美食游及探險游等不同類型,因此旅游計劃也要根據不同的旅游目的進行設計。常規(guī)的旅游計劃需要明確以下幾個方面的問題:Travel planWhen will you leave for? Where is your the destination?How will you get there?What will you do there?How long will you there?Is there a clear purpose for the trip? 為了提升旅行計劃的層級,還需注意以下幾個方面的問題:1.每段是否有明確清晰的主題;2.用一般現在時代替一般將來時;3.用更高級的形容詞詞匯。例如:表達“好”時,不要總用“nice”,我們還可以用“smart, clean, excellent, exciting, beautiful, wonderful, clever, famous, grand”等表達更具有指向性的詞匯;4.用更高級的動詞詞匯。比如:我們可以用“seem stand, lie .get stay, remain, look . sound, become . keep, grow”等代替"be";

常跟雙賓語的動詞有:(需借助to的)bring, ask, hand, offer, give, lend, send, show, teach, tell, write, pass, pay, promise, return等;基本句型 五S +V + O + OC(主+謂+賓+賓補)特點:動詞雖然是及物動詞,但是只跟一個賓語還不能表達完整的意思,必須加上一個補充成分來補足賓語,才能使意思完整。 判斷原則:能表達成—賓語 是…/做…注:此結構由“主語+及物的謂語動詞+賓語+賓語補足語”構成。賓語與賓語補足語之間有邏輯上的主謂關系或主表關系,若無賓語補足語,則句意不夠完整。可以用做賓補的有:名詞,形容詞,副詞,介詞短語,動詞不定式,分詞等。如:He considers himself an expert on the subject.他認為自己是這門學科的專家。We must keep our classroom clean.我們必須保持教室清潔。I had my bike stolen.我的自行車被偷了。We invited him to come to our school.我們邀請他來我們學校。I beg you to keep secret what we talked here.我求你對這里所談的話保密。用it做形式賓語,而將真正的賓語放到賓語補足語的后面,以使句子結構平衡,是英語常用的句型結構方式。即:主語+謂語+it+賓補+真正賓語。如:We think it a good idea to go climb the mountain this Sunday.

【教材分析】本節(jié)課是高中英語第一冊的最后一個單元的閱讀和思考部分,文章難度明顯增加,體現在以下幾個方面:文章題材是說明文,比較難理解;話題生疏,涉及到歷史等知識;生詞量增大,而且在語境中理解詞匯的要求提高。面對這些,教師的難度和高度也要有所提升,通過探討說明順序,了解背景知識等幫助他們找到說明文閱讀的方法?!窘虒W目標與核心素養(yǎng)】1. 文化意識目標新課程中指出,文化意識是對中外文化的理解和對優(yōu)秀文化的認同。文化意識的的培養(yǎng)有助于學生增加國家認同和家國情懷,成為有文明素養(yǎng)和社會責任感的人。我們這個單元很好體現了這一點,通過了解漢字書寫的體系和發(fā)展,學生可以有一種文化自豪感,同時也能夠幫助學生深入挖掘這篇文章,從而想到更多和中國文化相關的方面。2. 學習能力目標

This theme of the part is “ Describe people or things in greater detail”. Students have learned the grammar(restrictive relative clauses) in Book 1, and further review and consolidate its structure “prep+relative pronouns(which/whom)” and the relative adverbs(when, where and why), besides students should understand its form, meaning and functions. In this section, students should be able to express the grammar correctly in daily communication and in the writing. 1. Review the basic usages of relative pronouns and adverbs of attributive clauses . 2. Learn to use some special cases about restrictive relative clauses.3. Learn to write sentences with restrictive relative clauses flexibly according to the context.1. Review the basic usages of relative pronouns and adverbs of attributive clauses .2. Learn to use some special cases about restrictive relative clauses.3. Learn tow rite sentences with restrictive relative clauses flexibly according to the context.Step 1. Observe the following sentences, and mark the relative pronouns and the adverbs. 1. After listening to the scientists who had studied the problems, and citizens who lived near the dam, the government turned to the United Nations for help.2. Temples and other cultural sites were taken down piece by piece, and then moved and put back together again in a place where they were safe from the water.Step 2 PracticePlease complete these sentences with relative pronouns and relative adverbs and answer the following questions.Questions: 1. What is the head noun ?2. What relative words should be used ?3. What elements do they act in these sentences ?

This teaching period mainly deals with grammar “restrictive relative clauses.” To begin with, teachers should lead students to revise what they have learned about the relative pronouns and relative adverbs. And then, teachers move on to stress more special cases concerning this grammar, such as the “preposition+ relative pronouns which and whom” and cases where we can omit the relative pronouns. This period carries considerable significance to the cultivation of students’ writing competence and lays a solid foundation for the basic appreciation of language beauty. The teacher is expected to enable students to master this period thoroughly and consolidate the knowledge by doing some exercises. 1. Guide students to review the basic usages of relative pronouns and adverbs of attributive clauses.2. Lead students to learn to use some special cases concerning restrictive relative clauses flexibly.2. Enable students to use the basic phrases structures flexibly.3. Strengthen students’ great interest in grammar learning.1. Help students to appreciate the function of relative pronouns and adverbs of attributive clauses in a sentence2. Instruct students to write essays using the proper relative pronouns and adverbs of attributive clauses.本節(jié)語法思考:定語從句在復合句中的作用是什么? 關系詞有哪些?定語從句在復合句中的作用相當于形容詞,它在句中作定語修飾名詞或代詞。他們在先行詞和定語從句之間起到聯(lián)系作用,同時在意義上代表先行詞并在定語從句中擔任一個成分。被定語從句所修飾的詞稱先行詞,定語從句一般放在先行詞的后面。

Listening and Speaking introduces the topic of “Take part in a youth project”. The listening text is an interview about an international youth cultural heritage protection project. More than 20 high school students from seven countries participated in the project. The reporter interviewed two participants Stephanie and Liu Bin. By listening to the text, students can understand the significance of cultural heritage protection, and teenagers can use their knowledge, combine their own interests and advantages, etc. to participate in the action of cultural heritage protection. Listening and Talking introduces the theme of "Talk about history and culture". The listening text is a dialogue between two tourists and tour guides when they visit the Kremlin, red square and surrounding buildings. The dialogue focuses on the functional items of "starting a conversation", which is used to politely and appropriately attract the attention of the others, so as to smoothly start a conversation or start a new topic. The purpose of this section is to guide students to understand the history and current situation of Chinese and foreign cultural heritage in their own tourism experiences or from other people's tourism experiences, explore the historical and cultural values, and be able to express accurately and appropriately in oral communication.1. Guide students to understand the content of listening texts in terms of the whole and key details; 2. Cultivate students' ability to guess the meaning of words in listening; discuss with their peers how to participate in cultural heritage protection activities.3. Instruct students to use functional sentences of the dialogue such as “I beg your pardon, but…” “Forgive me for asking, but…" and so on to start the conversation more politely and appropriately.
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