
十多年前筆者曾經(jīng)參加過一次國際論壇。有一位非常年輕的企業(yè)家介紹自己的新公司,經(jīng)營的主要業(yè)務是“替人讀書”。許多大企業(yè)的管理人員總是非常忙碌,卻又很想讀書。這家公司就為這些想讀書而沒有時間讀書的人把三百頁的大部頭著作精簡成十頁的“精華”。負責摘選和撰寫“精華”的人都是具有高學歷的研究人員,以保證濃縮的一定是精華。一時間這家公司十分受歡迎,它提供的“精華”摘要,猶如讀書界的營養(yǎng)膠囊,小小一粒,讓人們覺得獲得了所需要的信息和養(yǎng)分,同時大大節(jié)約了時間。

有一天晚上母親出去一趟,留下我看家?guī)Ш⒆樱晃覑灥没?,便翻開后父的一本書——大仲馬的《醫(yī)生札記》,里面夾著兩張鈔票,一張是十盧布的,一張是一盧布的。書是看不懂的,我合上它,可是忽然想到,一個盧布不僅可以買《使徒傳》,大約還可以買一本講魯濱遜的書。我在這之前不久在學校里才知道有一本這樣的書:在嚴寒的一天,在課間休息時,我給孩子們講童話,忽然,其中有個小孩輕蔑地說:“童話,狗屁,魯濱遜才是真正的故事呢!”

Bike-to-Work Day is held every year across North America on thethird Friday of May. It was started by the League of American Bicyclistsin 1956. Its aim is to promote (促進) the bicycle as a serious choice of getting toand from work. In today’s world where global warming is a serious issue, thebicycle is a perfect way of reducing our carbon (碳) footprint.

There are many kinds ___21___art forms in China. ___22___ you often see any of them in your life?They help us understand and enjoy the traditional Chinese culture. When theSpring Festival comes, some people often ___23___ the red paper intodifferent art works with scissors.

At the age of seven, I started school in London.There I met a ____21____,Mr. King. He influenced my whole life. Mr King taught me maths. He washumorous. Sometimes, he told us funny stories. So his lessons made us ____22____.

One night many yearsago, an angry voice woke me up from sleep. It was my drunken (喝醉的) father. Those days, he would always ___11___ home very late. Sometimes, he would also go on to fight with my mom.

Parents and children often face the challengesof money. Common topics include setting pocket money, learning to save, anddeciding to buy expensive things. The goal of most parents is to teach theirkids how to deal with money wisely. The goal of most kids is getting money tospend. How can families achieve these goals?

Dealing with a nosebleed(鼻出血)mightseem simple. But recently, the British RED Cross asked parents with youngchildren how to help a child with a nosebleed. About 65 percent of parents didnot ____11____the correct action to help.

I’m glad to receive your letter and know yourunforgettable(難忘的)experience.Now I’d like to share mine. Last Friday, I was cleaning my room and found anold photo in a drawer. While I was looking at it, the ___16___ memory of that day came back to me.

Paper cutting or tearing is a cultural traditionin China. For centuries, it has been passed down from one generation(一代人) tothe next, especially from mothers to daughters. This beautiful art created byskillful artists is used to decorate(裝飾) doors, ceilings, and bedsin people’s homes, or at celebrations such as birthdays and weddings.

Mr. Zhang was a cook in Canada. He ___11___ in Guangzhou, and he learned to cook in HongKong. He moved to Canada for work when he was 26 years old. Everything was goodtill COVID-19(新冠病毒)brokeout. Last year, he returned to China because the economy(經(jīng)濟)inCanada began ___12___down.

Apassenger told an air hostess(空姐)that he needed a cup of water to take hismedicine when the plane just took off. She told him that she would bring himthe ___11___ in ten minutes.

When youand your friends turn to each other to talk about problems or troubles, yougive each other advice and help. One important thing of our growth is to makedecisions to help our friends and learn to support each other. This requires usto learn what it means to help friends and how to help them in right ways.

Everyone knows how similar chimpanzees (黑猩猩)are to humans. So it’s no surprise that their greetings are also close to ours.The most common ways of greeting between chimpanzees are hand touching andhugging. Sometimes they also kiss each other. Some chimpanzees can even learnsimple sign language.

材料一 憶昔開元全盛日,小邑猶藏萬家室。稻米流脂粟米白,公私倉廩俱豐實。九州道路無豺狼,遠行不勞吉日出。齊紈魯縞車班班,男耕女桑不相失?!?#183;杜甫《憶昔》材料二 唐朝戶數(shù)在639年(唐太宗貞觀13年)達300萬戶,705年有615萬戶,740年(唐玄宗開元28年)為841萬戶,754年有918萬戶?!獌鰢鴹潯吨袊丝谑贰罚ǖ诙恚?/p>

材料三 宋代南北經(jīng)濟發(fā)展概況 農(nóng)業(yè)手工業(yè)商業(yè)海外貿(mào)易北方大量糧食從南方引進。煤開采量世界第一;產(chǎn)鐵中心。汴京因為南方的大量運入而繁榮 南方引進占城稻并推廣種植;太湖流域成為全國重要的糧倉。金屬冶鐵業(yè)達到世界最高水平;陶瓷業(yè)、造船業(yè)迅速發(fā)展。城鎮(zhèn)興起;世界上最早的紙幣“ A ”在四川地區(qū)出現(xiàn)。福建泉州成為全國第一大港;政府鼓勵海外貿(mào)易,設(shè)置“ B ”進行專門管理。(3)完成材料三A、B兩處內(nèi)容的填充。依據(jù)材料三,概括出宋代經(jīng)濟的主要特點。

(1)情境一:1902年2月3日,英國《泰晤士報》報道此前兩天慈禧太后接見各國駐京公使的情況:太后進屋一把抓住康格夫人(美國公使夫人)的手,說進攻使館區(qū)是一個錯誤,這是一個沉痛教訓,大清國從今以后會成為外國人的朋友……。分析:該情境發(fā)生與哪一不平等條約的簽訂密切相關(guān)?它對中國社會性質(zhì)造成了什么影響?情境中“成為外國人的朋友”的實質(zhì)含義是什么?(3分)(2)情境二:1971年11月8日,美國《時代》周刊封面上刊登了周恩來頭像圖片,圖片的右上角寫著:“The Chinese Are Coming(中國人來了)。”分析:情境中“中國人來了”指的是什么歷史事件?之后發(fā)生的哪一歷史事件標志著中美關(guān)系開始走向正?;??上述兩個歷史事件的發(fā)生說明了什么?(3分)

元代是題跋的興盛期。到了元代,倪瓚那一批畫家就徹底不顧忌“簽名"。他們的文人畫,講究"詩書入畫”,有詩有序,作品才算完整,于是題跋成了書畫的重要組成部分。題跋中除了簽名,一般還要交代創(chuàng)作的時間、地點、人物,或者寫首詩配合畫面,生怕后人感受不到畫家的情緒。這樣一來,對畫家的要求就高了,不僅要會寫詩,還要書法好,最重要的是會搭配,整體美觀。畫畫的人變了,畫作自然也就不同了,就好比文藝青年喜歡往各種“無聊”的地方增加難度,并且樂此不疲。

謙虛并非故意自貶身價,做客套應酬,像虛偽者所常表現(xiàn)的假面孔;它是起于自知之明,知道自己所已知的比起世間所可知的非常渺小,未知世界隨著已知世界擴大,愈前走發(fā)現(xiàn)天邊愈遠。他發(fā)現(xiàn)宇宙的無邊無底,對之不能不起崇高雄偉之感,反觀自己渺小,就不能不起謙虛之感。謙虛必起于自我渺小的意識,謙虛者的心目中必有一種為自己所不知不能的高不可攀的東西,老是要抬著頭去望它。這東西可以是全體宇宙,可以是圣賢豪杰,也可以是一個崇高的理想。一個人必須見地高遠,知道天高地厚才能真正地謙虛,不知道天高地厚的人就老是覺得自己偉大,海若未曾望洋,就以為“天下之美盡在己”。謙虛有它消極方面,就是自我渺小的意識;也有它積極方面,就是高遠的瞻矚與恢闊的胸襟。

嫦娥四號探測器由著陸器與巡視器組成。2018年12月8日,嫦娥四號探測器在西昌衛(wèi)星發(fā)射中心由長征三號乙運載火箭成功發(fā)射。2019年1月3日,經(jīng)過38萬公里,26天的漫長飛行,嫦娥四號成功在月背著陸。在人類歷史上首次實現(xiàn)了航天器在月球背面軟著陸,中國也成為世界上第一個在月球正面和背面都進行過軟著陸的國家。(摘編自《環(huán)球時報》2019年1月4日)
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