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新人教版高中英語必修2Unit 4 History and Traditions-Reading and Thinking教案二
Step 5 While reading---Task 3Read the text again and answer the following questions.Q1: How many countries does the UK consist of ?4 Q2: What are the four countries of the United Kingdom?England, Wales, Scotland and Northern Ireland Q3: Which two were the first to be joined together ?England and WalesQ4: What are the two chief advantages of studying the history of a country ?The first one is to help you understand more about the country and its traditions.The second one is to make visiting it more enjoyable.Q5: What’s the author’s attitude towards studying the history ?Supportive/positiveStep 6 Post reading---Retell the textThe United Kingdom, Great Britain, Britain, England—many people are confused by (1)_____ these different names mean. In the 16th century, the nearby country of Wales (2) __________(join) to the Kingdom of England. In the 19 th century, the Kingdom of Ireland was added to create the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland. Finally, the southern part of Ireland (3) ______ (break) away from the UK, which resulted in the full name we have today. However, most people just use the (4)_________(shorten) name: the UK. The four countries (5)__________ belong to the United Kingdom work together in some areas. There were four sets of invaders and the last group were the Normans. They had castles (6)_________(build) all around England and made changes (7)__________ the legal system. Studying the history of the country will make your visit much more (8)_________(enjoy). The capital city London is (9)___ ancient port city that has a history (10)______(date) back to Roman times. 1. what 2.was joined 3.broke 4.shortened 5.that 6. built 7.to 8.enjoyable 9.an 10.dating Step 6 Homework
新人教版高中英語必修2Unit 4 History and Traditions-Reading and Thinking教案一
Features of languages1．Finally, in the 20th century, the southern part of Ireland broke away from the UK, which resulted in the full name we have today: the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland．該句是一個復(fù)合句。該句主句為：the southern part of Ireland broke away from the UK；which resulted in the full name we have today為which引導(dǎo)的定語從句代指前面整句話的內(nèi)容，we have today為定語從句修飾先行詞name。譯文：最后，在20世紀(jì)，愛爾蘭南部脫離英國，這導(dǎo)致了我們今天有的英國的全名：大不列顛及北愛爾蘭聯(lián)合王國。2．Almost everywhere you go in the UK, you will be surrounded by evidence of four different groups of people who took over at different times throughout history．該句是一個復(fù)合句。該句主句為：you will be surrounded by evidence of four different groups of people；其中Almost everywhere you go in the UK為讓步狀語從句； who took over at different times throughout history為定語從句修飾先行詞people。譯文：幾乎無論你走到英國的任何地方，你都會發(fā)現(xiàn)歷史上有四種不同的人在不同的時期統(tǒng)治過英國。3．The capital city London is a great place to start, as it is an ancient port city that has a history dating all the way back to Roman times．該句是一個復(fù)合句。該句主句為：The capital city London is a great place to start; as it is an ancient port city that has a history dating all the way back to Roman times．為原因狀語從句；dating all the way back to Roman times為現(xiàn)在分詞短語作定語修飾history。
新人教版高中英語必修2Unit 5 Music-Discovering Useful Structures教案一
Step1:自主探究。1．(教材P52)Born(bear) in the USA on 2 January 1970, Whitacre began studying music at the University of Nevada in 1988．2．(教材P52) Moved(move) by this music, he said, “It was like seeing color for the first time．”3．(教材P56)I was very afraid and I felt so alone and discouraged(discourage)．4．(教材P58)Encouraged(encourage) by this first performance and the positive reaction of the audience, I have continued to play the piano and enjoy it more every day．Step2:語法要點精析。用法1：過去分詞作表語1）．過去分詞可放在連系動詞be, get, feel, remain, seem, look, become等之后作表語，表示主語所處的狀態(tài)Tom was astonished to see a snake moving across the floor．湯姆很驚訝地看到一條蛇正爬過地板。Finally the baby felt tired of playing with those toys．終于嬰兒厭倦了玩那些玩具。注意：1）.過去分詞作表語時與被動語態(tài)的區(qū)別過去分詞作表語時，強(qiáng)調(diào)主語所處的狀態(tài)；而動詞的被動語態(tài)表示主語是動作的承受者，強(qiáng)調(diào)動作。The library is now closed．(狀態(tài))圖書館現(xiàn)在關(guān)閉了。The cup was broken by my little sister yesterday．(動作)昨天我妹妹把杯子打碎了。2）感覺類及物動詞的現(xiàn)在分詞與過去分詞作表語的區(qū)別過去分詞作表語多表示人自身的感受或事物自身的狀態(tài)，常譯作“感到……的”；現(xiàn)在分詞多表示事物具有的特性，常譯作“令人……的”。
新人教版高中英語必修2Unit 5 Music-Listening and Speaking教案
This lesson is about music. Students can classify the types of music through the instruments and its sound and can talk about their preferences about music, even join some activities and play a role in them according to their musical talents. On the basis, they are guided to use the languages to express their preferences and some plosive sounds and their rules.1. Classify the music types through the instruments and its sound.2. Listen and understand what the speakers’ preferences are and the reasons; talk about their own preferences and give their own reasons, using these sentences: “What kind of music do you like? And why? “ “Because it makes/gives me energy/peaceful.../touches my heart...”.3. Learn some plosives and the rules.4. Join some activities and play a role in them according to the talents. 1. Listen and understand what the speakers’ preferences are and the reasons;2. talk about their own preferences and give their own reasons, using these sentences: “What kind of music do you like? And why? “ “Because it makes/gives me energy/peaceful.../touches my heart...”.3. Learn some plosives and incomplete plosives and its rules.Step 1 Lead inPoint at the pictures on P50 and ask Q1: What are the people doing in the pictures below?Q2: What kind of music they are?Then play the MP3s one by oneStep 2 ListeningTask 1: A reporter from the school newspaper is interviewing students about music. Listen to the interviews. Draw lines between the words to make complete sentences. Some words will not be used.
新人教版高中英語必修2Unit 5 Music-Reading and Thinking教案二
1. Get basic information about Eric; read deeply to understand the history and development of the virtual choir.2. Understand what the function of the virtual choir is and how to make a virtual choir.3. Understand the meaning of some languages in the context of the text through question guidance, such as “Many people do not have close friends or contacts who have the same interest in music.” and so on.Step 1 Leading-in1. Answer the following questions.Q1：Do you know the Apps like Tik Tok and Quick Hand?Q2: Do you want to make a Tik Tok video or a Quick Hand video?2. Play a Tik Tok video Step 2: Understanding the title Q1：What does the title mean ?Q2: Is the article a narration or exposition? Why? Q3: Can you change the title ? If you can, what is the title?Step 3: Scanning the whole text and getting the basic information1. Answer the following questions.Q1：Who came up with the idea for a virtual choir?Q2: Where did Eric studied the musical composition?Q3: What is his song?2. Find the main idea of each paragraph3. Deal with some new words.Step 4: Reading carefully to get detailed informationPara 1 How to make a virtual choir1. PreparationA. tools: a virtual camera; an Internet connectionB. hero/heroin: friends or some individuals who have the same interests2. Process
新人教版高中英語必修2Unit 5 Music-Reading and Thinking教案一
This section focuses on "learning about experiencing music Online". This virtual choir is a new form of music performance. Members from all over the world don't need to love to come to a place. Instead, they use the new technology to model the various parts and wonderful virtual harmony group of music in the family. Students need to understand the main meaning of each paragraph. Finding topic sentences is an important way to understand the general idea of a paragraph. After the topic sentence, it is usually the detail sentence that supports and explains the topic sentence. Some paragraphs have obvious subject sentences, for example, the first sentence of the second paragraph is the subject sentence of the paragraph, and the following sentenceStudents need to pay attention to the topic sentences and key sentences, and then pay attention to how the sentences after the meaning explain, explain and support the topic sentences or key sentences before.1.Guide students to learn about experiencing music online2.Guide students to scan and circle the information in the text.3.Guide students to find the numbers and dates to fill in the timeline.4.Guide students to learn more about music by completing the sentences with the correct forms of the words and phrases. And then make a mind map about the outline of the passage.1. Guide students to pay attention to reading strategies, such as prediction, self-questioning and scanning.2. Help students sort out the main meaning of each paragraph and understand the narrative characteristics of "timeline” in illustrative style.3. Lead students to understand the changes that have been caused by the Internet.
新人教版高中英語必修2Unit 5 Music-Reading for Writing教案二
The Internet celebrity Gao Yifeng. Years ago, he owned 5 companies and the staffs over 1,000, but during the economy crisis, he became nothing but debt. He was so worried that his hair became white overnight. There was a time when he wanted to killed himself. But after listening to the song Start Over by Liu Huan, he decided to cheer himself up. He started a steamed bun shop and gradually became a national chain shops. Now he became successful again.Walter Haddon said, “Music is the medicine of a troubled mind.” Music contains such a pleasant and inspiring force. Music gave him courage and bravery. When he listened to the song, it made his spirit fly like a kite in the wind. Music gave him strength and brought him relief. It was the rock I leant on to become strong and to get through those hard times. I hope none of us have to go through the same kind of suffering that he did. At the same time, we all go through various periods when we feel sad or alone. During those times, music can help us in the same way that it helped him. I hope we all will somehow begin to treasure music and make it a part of our life. Thank you for your listening !5.Revise your writing each other.Does he/she explain how music has changed his/her/someone else’s life?Are some of the rhetorical devices included and used properly ?Does he/she talk about how music makes him/her/someone feel?Is the first word in each sentences capitalised?Does he/she use correct punctuation ?
新人教版高中英語必修2Unit 5 Music-Reading For Writing教案一
(4)Now we have heard a number of outstanding speeches ... 我們已經(jīng)聆聽了許多精彩的發(fā)言……(5)Because we wanted the nations of the world, working together, to deal with ... 因為我們希望全世界各國團(tuán)結(jié)起來去應(yīng)對……(6)And if we do not act ... 如果我們不采取行動……(7)Now, I share the concerns that have been expressed ... 我也同意對于……表達(dá)的擔(dān)心(8)Let us show the world that by working together we can ... 讓我們告訴全世界，通過一起努力我們可以……(9)It is now time for us to ... 是時候我們……(10)And I have always wished that ... 我一直希望……(11)Thank you for letting me share this day with me.感謝你們和我共度這一天。實踐演練：假如你是高中生李華，你校將舉辦一次以“音樂”為主題的演講比賽，請你按照主題，寫下你的演講稿。注意：詞數(shù)100左右。First of all, thank you for listening to my speech. My topic is: love music like love yourself.Music is like the air we need to maintain our normal lives around us. You can't imagine how terrible a world without music would be. Movies and TV shows have no music, only dry conversations and scenes; mobile phones only vibrations; streets only noisy crowds; cafes, western restaurants only depressed meals. What a terrible world it is!As a student, I hope we all can enjoy the fun brought by music in our spare time. Instead of just listening to music, we can even make our own music. Let's enjoy the fun of music!Thanks again for your attention!
人教版高中語文必修4《短文三篇》教案
③于是，大自然出現(xiàn)了驚人的奇跡，不毛的石縫間叢生出倔強(qiáng)的生命。④或者就只是一簇一簇?zé)o名的野草，春綠秋黃。歲歲枯榮。它們只有三兩片長長的細(xì)瘦的薄葉，那細(xì)微的葉脈，告知你生存該是多么艱難；更有的。它們就在一簇一簇瘦葉下自己生長出根須，只為了少向母體吮吸一點乳汁，便自去尋找那不易被覺察到的石縫。這就是生命，如果這是一種本能，那么它正說明生命的本能是多么尊貴，生命有權(quán)自認(rèn)為輝煌壯麗，生機(jī)竟是這樣地不可扼制。⑤或者就是一團(tuán)一團(tuán)小小的山花，大多又都是那苦苦的蒲公英。它們不似田野上的同宗長得那樣茁壯，它們的莖顯得堅韌而蒼老。它們的葉因枯萎而失卻光澤。它們已經(jīng)不能再去為人們作佐餐的鮮嫩的野菜，卻默默地為攀登山路的人準(zhǔn)備了一個可靠的抓手。生命就這樣地被環(huán)境規(guī)定著，又被環(huán)境改變著，適者生存的規(guī)律盡管無情。但一切適者就是戰(zhàn)勝環(huán)境的強(qiáng)者。生命現(xiàn)象告訴你，生命就是拼搏。
人教版高中政治必修1第二課多變的價格教案
（四）反思總結(jié)，當(dāng)堂檢測。本節(jié)內(nèi)容講述了價格變動對人們生活、生產(chǎn)的影響作用，主要知識框架如下：（1）、價格變動會影響人們的消費(fèi)需求，商品價格上漲，人需求就減少，反之，則增大。價格變動對不同商品需求影響程度是不一樣的，對生活必需品的需求量影響較小，對高檔耐用品的需求量影響較大。相關(guān)商品價格變動對消費(fèi)需求的影響不同，某種商品價格上漲，就會減少需求量，其替代品需求量增加，其互補(bǔ)品需求量則減少。（2）、價格變化也會影響生產(chǎn)經(jīng)營，價格變動會調(diào)節(jié)生產(chǎn)，刺激生產(chǎn)者改進(jìn)技術(shù)，提高勞動生產(chǎn)率，促使生產(chǎn)者生產(chǎn)適銷對路的高 質(zhì)量產(chǎn)品。（五）發(fā)導(dǎo)學(xué)案、布置預(yù)習(xí)。預(yù)習(xí)第三課第一框《消費(fèi)及其類型》，完成預(yù)習(xí)導(dǎo)學(xué)案練習(xí)題九、板書設(shè)計《價格變動的影響》1、對人們生活的影響（1）商品價格變動與消費(fèi)需求量之間的關(guān)系（2）不同商品的需求量對價格變動的反應(yīng)程度不同
人教版高中政治必修1第一課神奇的貨幣教案
1、外匯與外幣的關(guān)系：（1）外匯包括外幣，但外匯不等于就是外幣。外幣是指外國的貨幣，包括外國的紙幣、鑄幣；外匯通常是以外國貨幣表示的用于國際間結(jié)算的支付手段，具體包括外幣、外幣有價證券、外幣支付憑證等。（2）外幣屬于外匯的范圍，但不能把二者等同起來。通常情況下，只有可以自由兌換的外幣才是外匯，因為外匯的實質(zhì)是國際支付手段，如果某種貨幣不能自由兌換，它就不能成為國際支付手段。外匯執(zhí)行的 主要是貨幣的支付手段的職能。（3）持有外匯意味著對外匯發(fā)行國擁有債權(quán)。持有外匯過多，一方面意味著國際支付能力強(qiáng)和有可能對外匯發(fā)行國施加影響；另一方面則意味著大量該由本國享受的資源，被借給外國利用，并要承擔(dān)外匯貶值的風(fēng)險。2、關(guān)于幣值變化的分析：（1）對貨幣升值的具體分析：一個國家的貨幣升值（上?。┖螅康倪@種貨幣能比以前換 取更多的他國貨幣，買到更多的他國商品。
人教版高中政治必修1第三課多彩的消費(fèi)教案
二、做理智的消費(fèi)者1、量入為出，適度消費(fèi)2、避免盲從，理性消費(fèi)3、保護(hù)環(huán)境，綠色消費(fèi)4、勤儉節(jié)約，艱苦奮斗十、教學(xué)反思本課的設(shè)計采用了課前下發(fā)預(yù)習(xí)學(xué)案，學(xué)生預(yù)習(xí)本節(jié)內(nèi)容，找出自己迷惑的地方。課堂上師生主要解決重點、難點、疑點、考點、探究點以及學(xué)生學(xué)習(xí)過程中易忘、易混點等，最后進(jìn)行當(dāng)堂檢測，課后進(jìn)行延伸拓展，以達(dá)到提高課堂效率的目的。這節(jié)課我們主要學(xué)習(xí)了影響人們消費(fèi)的幾種消費(fèi)心理和幾種科學(xué)的消費(fèi)觀。本節(jié)課與學(xué)生生活十分貼近所以這節(jié)課充分的調(diào)動了學(xué)生學(xué)習(xí)的興趣和積極性，并且讓學(xué)生針對案例進(jìn)行充分的分組討論分析，通過學(xué)生的展示分析和補(bǔ)充可以知道學(xué)生們不但深層次分析了教學(xué)原理也透徹理解了教學(xué)重難點大大提高了課堂效率.。通過案例的分析進(jìn)一步領(lǐng)會了教材原理突破了本節(jié)課的難點——樹立正確的消費(fèi)觀。整堂課學(xué)生求知旺盛，復(fù)雜的知識變得簡單化，從閱讀教材到獨(dú)立思考分析再到合作討論最后的展示質(zhì)疑答疑，加深了印象，提高了能力。
人教版高中政治必修3文化創(chuàng)新的途徑教案
這次大賽我們看到了啟發(fā)講授式，合作探究式，情景體驗式，信息技術(shù)與學(xué)科教學(xué)整合式等多種教學(xué)方法，各有所長，也都發(fā)揮了各自不同的教學(xué)作用。重慶的李靜老師在講《文化創(chuàng)新的途徑》這課中，從一個大家都非常關(guān)注的有些爭議的張藝謀導(dǎo)演的雅典奧運(yùn)會閉幕式上8分鐘的表演的品評與思辯入手，學(xué)生非常興奮，又到2008年北京奧運(yùn)會開幕式的點火和文藝演出的創(chuàng)新設(shè)計，教學(xué)過程中既有學(xué)生的現(xiàn)場調(diào)查，又有充分發(fā)揮學(xué)生想象力的小組合作探究，還有小組間彼此的評價。在教學(xué)方式的設(shè)計上既有體驗式，又有合作探究式，還有教師的啟發(fā)講授，多種教學(xué)方式的整合提高了課堂教學(xué)的整體效益。最后還要求學(xué)生把他們的設(shè)計通過E-mail等方式發(fā)給北京奧運(yùn)會組委會，讓學(xué)生非常興奮。”
人教版高中歷史必修3輝煌燦爛的文學(xué)教案
一、知識與能力：（1）了解中國古代不同時期的文學(xué)特色；（2）了解、詩，詞、歌、賦等各種不同的知識內(nèi)容和形式，知道和掌握一定數(shù)量的名家作品；（3）拓寬文化視野，提高賞析和運(yùn)用古代文學(xué)作品的能力。二、過程與方法：（1）通過教科書及教師提供的材料以及自己的日常積累，通過閱讀，討論，分析，評論了解各個不同時期的文學(xué)發(fā)展特色。（2）通過閱讀，觀察，練習(xí)，欣賞，表演，評論，創(chuàng)作等方式積極參與教學(xué)；通過獨(dú)立思考或合作學(xué)習(xí)對所學(xué)的內(nèi)容進(jìn)行比較，概括和闡釋；學(xué)會合作學(xué)習(xí)和相互交流。三、情感態(tài)度與價值觀：通過本課學(xué)習(xí)，了解中國古代燦爛的文化。通過對文學(xué)家、詩人及其文學(xué)作品的分析，把學(xué)生帶進(jìn)文學(xué)藝術(shù)的殿堂，感受古人的呼吸，思想，情操。增強(qiáng)文化修養(yǎng)。
人教版高中地理必修3第四章第二節(jié)區(qū)域工業(yè)化與城市化教案
從右圖“進(jìn)出口貿(mào)易占全國的比重”可看出，珠三角地區(qū)的外向型經(jīng)濟(jì)特征很明顯，但正在緩慢的發(fā)生轉(zhuǎn)變；而長三角地區(qū)的外貿(mào)依存度在10年內(nèi)迅速增長。由此可見，珠三角地區(qū)城市化過程，是伴隨著該地特殊的經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展相對自發(fā)地快速推進(jìn)，缺乏宏觀而理性的規(guī)劃。閱讀通過此閱讀材料，使學(xué)生大致了解以下內(nèi)容深圳作為珠江三角洲地區(qū)迅速城市化的一個典型代表，到目前為止，對其未來發(fā)展道路的構(gòu)想，主要集中在：如何聯(lián)合和依托臨近區(qū)域、聯(lián)合優(yōu)勢資源，擴(kuò)大發(fā)展空間；如何明確功能，重新定位，合理分工，突出特色?；顒娱L江三角洲地區(qū)城市的協(xié)調(diào)發(fā)展1．讀圖4．28，如果按人口規(guī)模>500萬人、100萬～500萬人、50萬～100萬人、20萬～50萬人和<20萬人將城市分為五級的話，分析長江三角洲地區(qū)城市的等級規(guī)模結(jié)構(gòu)是否合理，這對其城市的協(xié)調(diào)發(fā)展有何影響?
人教版高中政治必修1第十一課 經(jīng)濟(jì)全球化與對外開放教案
材料說明了什么？探究二：材料分析：2005年12月13日至18日，WTO第六次部長級會議在香港召開。會議經(jīng)過談判通過了《部長宣言》，規(guī)定發(fā)達(dá)成員和部分發(fā)展中成員2008年前向最不發(fā)達(dá)國家所有產(chǎn)品提供免關(guān)稅、免配額的市場準(zhǔn)入；發(fā)達(dá)成員2006年取消棉花的出口補(bǔ)貼， 2013年年底前取消所有形式農(nóng)產(chǎn)品出口補(bǔ)貼。材料體現(xiàn)了世界貿(mào)易組織在國際經(jīng)濟(jì)貿(mào)易領(lǐng)域中發(fā)揮哪些作用？探究三：P97：A、這些圖示，反映出我國利用外資哪些特點？。B、能為我國提高外資利用水平提出些建議嗎？探究四：材料展示：我國是人口眾多的發(fā)展中大國，全國居民每天消費(fèi)總額達(dá)到37億元。每天消費(fèi)糧食75萬噸，相當(dāng)于一個縣級商品糧基地的全年產(chǎn)量；每天消耗豬肉6萬噸，食油1萬噸，糖1.6萬噸，鮮蛋1.8萬噸。每天購買雜志600多萬冊，報紙5000多萬份，需要400量中型載貨汽車才能裝載。
人教版高中政治必修3文化創(chuàng)新的源泉與作用教案
（三）呼喚文化創(chuàng)新的時代(板書)１.人民群眾是文化創(chuàng)造的主體－－(板書)師：【圖片文字展示】--《離騷》、《九歌》、《水滸傳》、《三國演義》均取材自民間，在民間口述文字的基礎(chǔ)上加工形成，所以，我們可以看到，文化創(chuàng)新的主體是誰？生：人民群眾是文化創(chuàng)造的主體師：在新的歷史時期，我們的青少年應(yīng)該怎么做？生：虛心向人民群眾學(xué)習(xí)，從人民群眾的偉大實踐和豐富多彩的生活中汲取營養(yǎng)，這是當(dāng)代中國文化工作者的使命和職責(zé)。２.文化工作者必須堅定地走與人民群眾的實踐相結(jié)合的道路－－(板書)３.當(dāng)代中國文化創(chuàng)作者的使命和職責(zé)。（板書）【課堂小結(jié)】通過本節(jié)課的探究學(xué)習(xí)，我們認(rèn)識到文化創(chuàng)新的源泉和作用，要求我們虛心向人民群眾學(xué)習(xí)，從人民群眾的偉大實踐和豐富多彩的生活中汲取營養(yǎng)，刻苦鉆研，銳意創(chuàng)新，為全面建設(shè)小康社會而奮斗。
人教版高中政治必修3第三課文化的多樣性與文化傳播精品教案
◇探究提示：我們可以通過人際交往，閱讀報紙、雜志、書籍等，欣賞電視、上網(wǎng)查詢、發(fā)送手機(jī)短信、閱讀電子讀物等方式來搜集資料。其特點為：人際傳播是社會生活中最直觀、最常見、最豐富的傳播現(xiàn)象，具有傳播渠道多、方法靈活、意義豐富、反饋及時的特點。報紙、雜志、書籍等，可以通過掃描、編排處理后，顯示在互聯(lián)網(wǎng)上，供廣大讀者使用。電視提供了動態(tài)畫面和繽紛的色彩，使人們對信息的理解變得更生動、形象和真實?；ヂ?lián)網(wǎng)具有傳播同網(wǎng)、全球同時、受眾主動、雙向互動的特點。手機(jī)短信用精練的語言傳達(dá)豐富多彩的內(nèi)容，不僅具有娛樂性，還具有情感性、藝術(shù)性耙哲理性，讓人回味無窮。電子讀物實現(xiàn)了文字、圖像、聲音的完關(guān)結(jié)合，使人在看圖閱文的同時可以聽音樂、寫文章、做筆記、復(fù)制文件等等。
人教版高中政治必修3第四課文化的繼承性與文化發(fā)展精品教案
◇探究提示：(1)孔子思想體系的核心是“仁’’和“禮”，其主要內(nèi)容是“仁者愛人”和“克己復(fù)禮”?？鬃犹岢觥叭省钡膶W(xué)說，要求統(tǒng)治者體察民情，反對苛政和任意刑殺；提倡廣泛地理解、體貼他人，以此調(diào)整人際關(guān)系，穩(wěn)定社會秩序?？鬃又v的“克己復(fù)禮”，是說做人要克制自己，使自己的行為符合‘‘禮’’的要求。(2)老子認(rèn)為“道”是凌駕于天之上的天地萬物的本原，他提出‘‘天法道，道法自然”的思想。老子從“天道自然無為”的思想出發(fā)，倡導(dǎo)政治上“無為而治”，以“無事取天下”。老子哲學(xué)中包含著豐富的辯證法思想，他指出，任何事物都有矛盾、對立的兩個方面，矛盾雙方可以相互轉(zhuǎn)化。(3)墨子主張“兼愛”“非攻”，“兼愛”就是無等差的愛，無論任何人，都不分輕重厚?。弧胺枪ァ本褪欠磳Σ涣x的兼并戰(zhàn)爭，主張各國和平相處。(4)韓非子崇尚法，強(qiáng)調(diào)法的重要性，主張法、術(shù)、勢相結(jié)合，建立一個君主專制的中央集權(quán)國家，要求人人必須遵守法；韓非子還認(rèn)為社會不斷發(fā)展變化，歷史永遠(yuǎn)不會倒退，主張變法革新。
人教版高中政治必修4第十課創(chuàng)新意識與社會進(jìn)步精品教案
在數(shù)學(xué)上，0這個數(shù)是解決記數(shù)和進(jìn)位問題而引進(jìn)的概念，由于它不能表示實在的東西，很長時間人們不把它看作是一個數(shù)。認(rèn)為0是無，是對有的否定。從唯物辯證法的觀點看，這種否定不是形而上學(xué)的簡單否定，而是具有豐富內(nèi)容的辨證否定。辨證的否定是發(fā)展的環(huán)節(jié)。0是從無到有的必經(jīng)之路，是連接無和有的橋梁。0又是正數(shù)和負(fù)數(shù)之間的界限，它既否定了任何正數(shù)，也否定了任何負(fù)數(shù)，是唯一的中性數(shù)。但它又是聯(lián)結(jié)正數(shù)和負(fù)數(shù)的中間環(huán)節(jié)。沒有0，負(fù)數(shù)就過渡不到正數(shù)去，正數(shù)也休想發(fā)展到負(fù)數(shù)來。數(shù)學(xué)中的0是對任何定量的否定。如果沒有這一否定，任何量的發(fā)展都無從談起。這個否定不是一筆勾銷，而是揚(yáng)棄。因為它克服了任何定量的有限性，成為其發(fā)展的環(huán)節(jié)。在現(xiàn)實生活中，0作為辨證的否定，也體現(xiàn)出聯(lián)系和發(fā)展的性質(zhì)。如0度不是沒有溫度，而是非常確定的溫度。
