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湖南省邵陽(yáng)市2017年中考?xì)v史真題試題（含解析）
材料二從公元 476 年西羅馬帝國(guó)滅亡到 14～16 世紀(jì)文藝復(fù)興之前， 歐洲是政教合一的封建時(shí)代，宗教裁判所可以?xún)H僅因?yàn)椴剪斨Z信奉哥白尼的日心說(shuō)這樣一個(gè)科學(xué)學(xué)說(shuō)，而把他視為異端判處死刑，燒死在羅馬鮮花廣場(chǎng)上。因此，歐洲中世紀(jì)的科技經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展和社會(huì)進(jìn)步都受到了極大的阻礙，史稱(chēng)“黑暗的中世紀(jì)”。而這一千年，中國(guó)國(guó)家長(zhǎng)期統(tǒng)一，經(jīng)濟(jì)持續(xù)發(fā)展，中華封建文明在大踏步前進(jìn)……以四大發(fā)明為標(biāo)志的傳統(tǒng)技術(shù)更為世人所稱(chēng)道……只是到了近代才落后于西方。——摘編自王渝生《傳統(tǒng)文化與中國(guó)科技發(fā)展》（1）根據(jù)材料一并結(jié)合所學(xué)知識(shí)，指出中國(guó)古代科技在世界科技史上的地位變化情況。（4分）（2）根據(jù)材料二并結(jié)合所學(xué)知識(shí)，概述公元401～1500年中國(guó)古代科技發(fā)展的主要原因。（6分）（3）下圖是某校初三·三班呂亞楠同學(xué)制作的中國(guó)“古代四大發(fā)明”手抄報(bào)照片，其中“四大發(fā)明是什么”的答案有點(diǎn)模糊不清，請(qǐng)你補(bǔ)充完成。（ 4 分）
湖北省黃岡市2017年中考?xì)v史真題試題（含解析）
材料一十八世紀(jì)，封建王朝統(tǒng)治下的法國(guó)是個(gè)農(nóng)業(yè)國(guó)，但資本主義工商業(yè)已經(jīng)有了很大的發(fā)展，資本主義的發(fā)展，要求沖破封建制度的束縛。1789年7月，法國(guó)大革命爆發(fā)?！攀兰o(jì)上半期，俄國(guó)資本主義已經(jīng)有所發(fā)展。在歐洲工業(yè)革命的影響下，還出現(xiàn)了手工勞動(dòng)逐步被機(jī)器生產(chǎn)取代的趨勢(shì)。但俄國(guó)落后的農(nóng)奴制限制了自由勞動(dòng)力的供應(yīng)和國(guó)內(nèi)市場(chǎng)的開(kāi)拓……1861年，沙皇亞歷山大二世批準(zhǔn)了廢除農(nóng)奴制的法令。﹣﹣摘編自《世界歷史》九年級(jí)上冊(cè)教材
山東省煙臺(tái)市2016年中考?xì)v史真題試題（含解析）
26．（15分）（2016?煙臺(tái)）科學(xué)技術(shù)的進(jìn)步對(duì)社會(huì)的發(fā)展有著重要的影響．閱讀材料完成下列要求． 材料一 宋元時(shí)期，是我國(guó)古代發(fā)展的高峰時(shí)期，這一時(shí)期的科技，是在隋唐經(jīng)濟(jì)高度繁榮基礎(chǔ)上的延續(xù)．宋朝結(jié)束了五代十國(guó)以來(lái)長(zhǎng)期分裂割據(jù)和混戰(zhàn)的局面．那時(shí)經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展，城市繁榮，航海和對(duì)外貿(mào)易空前活躍，元朝實(shí)現(xiàn)了全國(guó)性的統(tǒng)一，中外經(jīng)濟(jì)文化交流頻繁．兩大因素的結(jié)合，使宋元文化突飛猛進(jìn)，涌現(xiàn)出一批著名的科學(xué)家和文學(xué)家、藝術(shù)家，反映了那個(gè)時(shí)期我國(guó)科學(xué)技術(shù)在世界上的領(lǐng)先地位．﹣《宋元時(shí)期的科技成就》（1）根據(jù)材料概括宋元時(shí)期科技發(fā)展的原因，結(jié)合所學(xué)指出宋元時(shí)期在四大發(fā)明方面的成就．
四川省成都市2016年中考?xì)v史真題試題（含解析）
材料二 20世紀(jì)80年代初，大陸的統(tǒng)一觀已經(jīng)有了創(chuàng)新性的發(fā)展，不完全要求絕對(duì)的“政治上的服從”和制度上的一致，首創(chuàng)了一個(gè)國(guó)家中允許存在不同社會(huì)制度的理論。這一理論在香港和澳門(mén)獲得了成功的實(shí)踐。——據(jù)許士鈴《國(guó)家統(tǒng)一是中華民族歷史形成的國(guó)家觀》⑵材料二中，大陸首創(chuàng)的“一個(gè)國(guó)家中允許存在不同社會(huì)制度的理論”是指什么（2分）分析這一理論提出的依據(jù)(2分）。
新疆維吾爾2017年中考語(yǔ)文真題試題（含解析）
觀滄海曹操東臨碣石，以觀滄海。水何澹澹，山島竦峙。樹(shù)木叢生，百草豐茂。秋風(fēng)蕭瑟，洪波涌起。日月之行，若出其中；星漢燦爛，若出其里。幸甚至哉，歌以詠志。
湖南省張家界市2019年中考語(yǔ)文真題試題（含解析）
讀書(shū)不能死章句，需要思考一個(gè)“活”字。李白在《嘲魯儒》中說(shuō)：“魯叟談五經(jīng)，白發(fā)死章句。問(wèn)以經(jīng)濟(jì)策，茫如墜煙霧?！痹?shī)人對(duì)那些夸夸其談而沒(méi)有真才實(shí)學(xué)的“魯叟”進(jìn)行了辛辣的嘲諷。這些人談起五經(jīng)頭頭是道，問(wèn)起經(jīng)世濟(jì)民之策卻茫然無(wú)知。他們拿腔拿調(diào)，架子十足，卻死于章句，不知時(shí)變。陸游《冬夜讀書(shū)示子聿》中的觀點(diǎn)，則更加值得那些“魯叟”們深思。他說(shuō)“紙上得來(lái)終覺(jué)淺，絕知此事要躬行”，言詞樸素，滿含哲理，詩(shī)中提出的理論與實(shí)踐相結(jié)合的觀點(diǎn)，至今猶有現(xiàn)實(shí)意義。只有在實(shí)踐中才能得真知、悟真諦，真正學(xué)有所獲，學(xué)有所用。
2022年福建省中考英語(yǔ)真題（原卷版）
Thinking that her dream could never come true,Kelly was in low spirits and ____18____ her studies at school. Hermother did all she could to cheer her up, ____19____ Kelly refused tochange. She even took out all her anger and ____20____ on her mother.
2022年安徽省中考英語(yǔ)真題（原卷版）
During 1907-1909, British explorer EarnestShackleton explored Antarctica on foot. In 1911, two explorers—a British mannamed Scott and a Norwegian named Amundsen—raced 1, 400 kilometres to the SouthPole (南極).Amundsen arrived first.
2022年海南省中考英語(yǔ)真題（原卷版）
YangHongwei, 56, was born into a kite-making family in Weifang. When she was young,she often saw kites with bright colors and different shapes in hergrandfather’s workshop.
2022年河南省中考英語(yǔ)真題（原卷版）
In the large yard stood thirteen trees ofdifferent sizes. One day, while Joey was playing with his sister under thetrees, he noticed that a tree trunk (樹(shù)干) had a sad look. He raninto the house to tell his mom about it. She told Joey to find the reason whyit was sad.
2022年河北省中考英語(yǔ)真題（原卷版）
As a boy, Kevin visited national parks and helearned the Earth is in ___12___ condition. He felt worried, and hewanted to ___13___ the Earth. In 2009, he went to swim in water nearNorth Pole（北極）todraw people’s attention to the melting glaciers（融化的冰川）.
2022年吉林省中考英語(yǔ)真題（原卷版）
Taiping nijiaojiao is made of the mudfrom the local mountain. It takes more than ten steps to make the clay toy, andthe key step is to knead (捏) it with your hands. You can knead the clay toyinto anything, like animals and plants. The blowhole is the most difficult partto make, for the size of the blowhole makes a difference to the sound. Whilecoloring, you can use traditional cultural elements (元素) thatcarry good meanings. It’s hard to make taipingnijiaojiao. But when you finally make it, you will feel proud of yourself.
2022年北京市中考英語(yǔ)真題（原卷版）
When itcomes to a meaningful life, we might think of love, happiness and health. Alife filled with meaning is what most of us want for ourselves. Then, whatmakes a meaningful life?Manyresearchers agree that a meaningful life comes down to three factors (因素): havinglong-term goals, believing that one’s life matters, and feeling that one’s lifefits together and “makes sense”.But we believe there is more to consider. Sometimeslife enables us to experience small moments of beauty. When people are open toappreciating (欣賞) suchexperiences, these moments may improve how they see their own life. We callthis experiential appreciation (EA).
2022年江蘇省鎮(zhèn)江市中考英語(yǔ)真題（原卷版）
The fantasticman-made “forest” is a Singapore landmark. It is made from steel and concrete(水泥) covered in localflowers and plants. At night, 18 solar-powered tree-like towers which get theirenergy from the sun often light up the city.
2022年江蘇省宿遷市中考英語(yǔ)真題 （原卷版）
Theoil paper umbrella is a traditional Chinese handicraft（手工藝品）.It has a history of over 1,000 years in China．In early TangDynasty, it was introduced to Japan and Korea, so it was called the “TangUmbrella”. Later oil paper umbrellas were spread to other Asian countries, suchas Vietnam, Thailand and Laos, and each had its own style. However, assteel-ribbed（鋼骨的）umbrellas appeared in the last century, thehand-made oil paper umbrellas became less used in daily life. They were turnedinto decorative artifacts（裝飾性工藝品）.
2022年江蘇省連云港市中考英語(yǔ)真題（原卷版）
There was an old oak tree in the garden. Holly’sfather wanted to cut it down and build a new office there. Holly felt sad anddidn’t agree. She moved into the old tree house which was her favourite place in the world.One day, it rained all night.
2022年江蘇省徐州市中考英語(yǔ)真題（原卷版）
Dudiscovered his interest in folding paper in his childhood. After Du went tocollege in 2017, he had enough time to take the hobby seriously. He learnedfolding from online teachers and experts. Later he copied patterns from books.He spent almost three years improving his basic skills by making copies ofother artists’ designs. Then he made his own creations.
2022年江蘇省泰州市中考英語(yǔ)真題（原卷版）
Shuttlecock exercise doesnot require equipment(裝備) and is perfect for people to perform at home.Liu Genghong helps you to keep going until the last minute, and you can burnyour fat fast.
2022年江蘇省無(wú)錫市中考英語(yǔ)真題（原卷版）
Studying is not always the most interesting taskwithin your day, but it is a necessary one. Even though it is required,everyone has got bored at one time or another while studying.
2022年江蘇省揚(yáng)州市中考英語(yǔ)真題（原卷版）
Every month, Julia and her cousins would go forthe big family meal at their grandparents’ house. On each visit, their grandpawould give them a few coins. Then all the children would run off to buy sweets.One day, he gathered the children together.
